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Viral skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major skin ailments due to viruses?

A
  1. Papillomas
  2. Ulcers/purulent lesions
  3. Childhood rash and fever
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2
Q

What are the two viruses that cause papillomas/nodules?

A

HPV and molluscum

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3
Q

What are the three viruses that cause ulcers/purulent lesions?

A

Herpes
Chicken pox
Small pox

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4
Q

What are the four viral causes of childhood rash and fever?

A

Measles
German measlses
Roseola
Fifth disease

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5
Q

How are skin infections via viruses infected?

A

Virus infects other systems, causes viremia

Viruses direct infection of the skin

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6
Q

What are the two types of skin lesions caused by viruses? What causes them?

A

Infectious and noninfectious

Infex = viral replication

Non-infex = immune response

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7
Q

What is a papilloma?

A

Benign growth on the surface of the skin or mucous membrane

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8
Q

Hyperkeratosis, and koilocytes, are found with what skin lesion?

A

Warts

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9
Q

Are cutaneous warts painful?

A

Generally not

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10
Q

What is the virus that causes warts?

A

HPV

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11
Q

What are verruca vulgaris? How do these appear?

A

Common warts

Rough, cauliflower on hands and feet

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12
Q

What are verruca plantaris? How do these appear?

A

Plantar warts

Grows inward, appears as only thickened keratin layer with punctate hemorrhages

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13
Q

What are verruca plana? How do these appear?

A

Facial warts, smooth

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14
Q

What is the virus family of HPV? Genome? enveloped?

A

papovaviridae
Non-enveloped
dsDNA

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15
Q

What cell layer actually has virions in them in HPV infections?

A

Suprabasal layer

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16
Q

What cell layer become infected by virions in HPV infections?

A

Basal layer of the epidermis

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17
Q

What are the histological characteristics of a wart relative to normal skin? What causes this?

A

Each layer is expanded d/t increased virus signal to grow

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18
Q

What are the two cell proteins that activate the cell cycle? How does each do its thing?

A

HPV E7 and E6

E6 inhibits p53
E7 inhibits Rb

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19
Q

How are viral HPV classified?

A

Mucosal(anogenital)

Cutaneous (common and plantar)

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20
Q

How are warts transmitted?

A

Direct contact with a wart or contaminated surface

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21
Q

What specific surface is particularly prone to transmit warts?

A

Non-slip shower mats

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22
Q

How do you diagnose warts?

A

Clinical appearance

Koloidal cells

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23
Q

How do Koilocytes appear?

A

Nucleus surrounded by a halo of unstained section

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24
Q

How do you treat plantar warts? (3)

A

Cryotherapy
Cytotoxic chemicals
Surgical removal

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25
What are the HPV strains that cause high risk angogenital warts?
16 18 31 33
26
What are the HPV strains that cause low risk angogenital warts?
6 | 11
27
What are the HPV strains that cause plantar warts?
1 | 4
28
What are the HPV strains that cause common warts?
2 3 10
29
Do the HPV vaccine protect against cutaneous warts? Genital warts?
Not for common, but yes for genitals
30
How does Mollusum contagiosum appear? (3) Pain?
Painless Pearly Umbilicated (central depression) Nodules
31
Where on the body is moluscum contagiosum found for adults?
Sexy areas
32
What are molluscum bodies?
Large, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies found in molluscum contagiosum
33
What is the virus that causes molluscum contagiosum?
Molluscum contagiosum virus
34
What is the family of Molluscum contagiosum virus? Genome? Enveloped?
Poxviridae | Large dsDNA
35
Where does Molluscum contagiosum virus replicate?
within cytoplasm
36
How is Molluscum contagiosum transmitted?
Direct contact with lesions | Fomite transmission
37
What is the treatment for Molluscum contagiosum virus? Are they self limiting?
Surgery or cryotherapy Self limiting
38
Are herpes labialis (cold sore) painful?
Yes
39
What is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?
Herpes ulcers on the gingiva. very painful
40
What is the ocular disease caused by HSV? Initial and chronic symptoms?
Herpes simplex keratitis Inital symptoms = conjunctivitis Chronic = scar tissue in the cornea
41
What is the brain disease caused by HSV?
Herpes simplex encephalitis
42
What is herpetic whitlow?
Digital infection with herpes
43
What is the family of herpes virus? Genome? Enveloped?
Herpesviridae Enveloped dsDNA
44
What are the two phases of herpes virus?
Latent phase | Lytic phase
45
Recurrent cold sores are caused by latent herpes from what nerve?
Trigeminal nerve
46
What are the two serotypes of HSV? What does each cause?
HSV 1 = oral lesions | HSV 2= Genital
47
How is HSV transmitted?
Direct contact with lesions or saliva
48
What is the treatment for herpes? How does this work?
Acyclovir -- viral thymidine kinase activates it, and it inhibits DNA pol
49
What is the virus that causes chickenpox?
Varicella virus (VZV)
50
What are the symptoms of varicella infx?
Central rash and fever
51
What are the lesions like in chickenpox? Evolution? Do these lesions evolve together, or separately?
Vesicles to pustules to scabs Lesions evolve separately
52
Are lesions with chicken pox seen on the soles of feet or palms of the hands?
Very rarely
53
What are the complications with chicken pox? (2)
Bacterial infections of the lesions Pneumonia
54
What happens to neonates born to mothers with primary chickenpox infection?
Low birthweight | Microcephaly
55
What is the prodrome of herpes zoster (shingles)?
Paresthesia
56
How is herpes zoster reactivated?
Immunosuppression of some sort
57
What are the complications of untreated herpes zoster?
Postherpetic neuralgia
58
What is the distribution of herpes zoster?
Dermatomal
59
What is the viral family of varicella-zoster virus? Enveloped? genome?
Herpesviridae Enveloped dsDNA
60
What are the two sensory nerves (or group of nerves) that often hold VZV?
Dorsal route | Trigeminal ganglia
61
How many serotypes of VZV?
One
62
How is VZV transmitted (2)?
Respiratory secretions/saliva Direct contact with lesions
63
How do you diagnose VZV? (3)
Tzanck smear Serological testing Latex agglutination
64
What are the two vaccines for varicella?
Varicella vaccine | Zoster vaccine
65
What does the varicella vaccine contain? How is it prepared?
Live attenuated virus strain grown in tissue culture
66
When is the varicella vaccine given?
1 at 12-15 mo 2 at 4-6 yrs
67
What does the zoster vaccine protect against? What does it contain? What is it used for?
Reactivations of VZV Higher titer of live attenuated virus like varicella vaccine Used to prevent shingles for previously infected individuals
68
What is the treatment for VZV? How sensitive is VZV relative to other HSVs?
Acyclovir less sensitive
69
What is a Tzanck smear? What is this used to diagnose?
Smear looking for multinucleated, diagnostic of Herpes.

Microbio (50 decks)

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