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Viral skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major skin ailments due to viruses?

A
  1. Papillomas
  2. Ulcers/purulent lesions
  3. Childhood rash and fever
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2
Q

What are the two viruses that cause papillomas/nodules?

A

HPV and molluscum

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3
Q

What are the three viruses that cause ulcers/purulent lesions?

A

Herpes
Chicken pox
Small pox

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4
Q

What are the four viral causes of childhood rash and fever?

A

Measles
German measlses
Roseola
Fifth disease

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5
Q

How are skin infections via viruses infected?

A

Virus infects other systems, causes viremia

Viruses direct infection of the skin

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6
Q

What are the two types of skin lesions caused by viruses? What causes them?

A

Infectious and noninfectious

Infex = viral replication

Non-infex = immune response

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7
Q

What is a papilloma?

A

Benign growth on the surface of the skin or mucous membrane

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8
Q

Hyperkeratosis, and koilocytes, are found with what skin lesion?

A

Warts

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9
Q

Are cutaneous warts painful?

A

Generally not

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10
Q

What is the virus that causes warts?

A

HPV

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11
Q

What are verruca vulgaris? How do these appear?

A

Common warts

Rough, cauliflower on hands and feet

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12
Q

What are verruca plantaris? How do these appear?

A

Plantar warts

Grows inward, appears as only thickened keratin layer with punctate hemorrhages

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13
Q

What are verruca plana? How do these appear?

A

Facial warts, smooth

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14
Q

What is the virus family of HPV? Genome? enveloped?

A

papovaviridae
Non-enveloped
dsDNA

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15
Q

What cell layer actually has virions in them in HPV infections?

A

Suprabasal layer

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16
Q

What cell layer become infected by virions in HPV infections?

A

Basal layer of the epidermis

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17
Q

What are the histological characteristics of a wart relative to normal skin? What causes this?

A

Each layer is expanded d/t increased virus signal to grow

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18
Q

What are the two cell proteins that activate the cell cycle? How does each do its thing?

A

HPV E7 and E6

E6 inhibits p53
E7 inhibits Rb

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19
Q

How are viral HPV classified?

A

Mucosal(anogenital)

Cutaneous (common and plantar)

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20
Q

How are warts transmitted?

A

Direct contact with a wart or contaminated surface

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21
Q

What specific surface is particularly prone to transmit warts?

A

Non-slip shower mats

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22
Q

How do you diagnose warts?

A

Clinical appearance

Koloidal cells

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23
Q

How do Koilocytes appear?

A

Nucleus surrounded by a halo of unstained section

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24
Q

How do you treat plantar warts? (3)

A

Cryotherapy
Cytotoxic chemicals
Surgical removal

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25
Q

What are the HPV strains that cause high risk angogenital warts?

A

16
18
31
33

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26
Q

What are the HPV strains that cause low risk angogenital warts?

A

6

11

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27
Q

What are the HPV strains that cause plantar warts?

A

1

4

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28
Q

What are the HPV strains that cause common warts?

29
Q

Do the HPV vaccine protect against cutaneous warts? Genital warts?

A

Not for common, but yes for genitals

30
Q

How does Mollusum contagiosum appear? (3) Pain?

A

Painless

Pearly
Umbilicated (central depression)
Nodules

31
Q

Where on the body is moluscum contagiosum found for adults?

A

Sexy areas

32
Q

What are molluscum bodies?

A

Large, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies found in molluscum contagiosum

33
Q

What is the virus that causes molluscum contagiosum?

A

Molluscum contagiosum virus

34
Q

What is the family of Molluscum contagiosum virus? Genome? Enveloped?

A

Poxviridae

Large dsDNA

35
Q

Where does Molluscum contagiosum virus replicate?

A

within cytoplasm

36
Q

How is Molluscum contagiosum transmitted?

A

Direct contact with lesions

Fomite transmission

37
Q

What is the treatment for Molluscum contagiosum virus? Are they self limiting?

A

Surgery or cryotherapy

Self limiting

38
Q

Are herpes labialis (cold sore) painful?

39
Q

What is primary herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

Herpes ulcers on the gingiva. very painful

40
Q

What is the ocular disease caused by HSV? Initial and chronic symptoms?

A

Herpes simplex keratitis

Inital symptoms = conjunctivitis

Chronic = scar tissue in the cornea

41
Q

What is the brain disease caused by HSV?

A

Herpes simplex encephalitis

42
Q

What is herpetic whitlow?

A

Digital infection with herpes

43
Q

What is the family of herpes virus? Genome? Enveloped?

A

Herpesviridae
Enveloped
dsDNA

44
Q

What are the two phases of herpes virus?

A

Latent phase

Lytic phase

45
Q

Recurrent cold sores are caused by latent herpes from what nerve?

A

Trigeminal nerve

46
Q

What are the two serotypes of HSV? What does each cause?

A

HSV 1 = oral lesions

HSV 2= Genital

47
Q

How is HSV transmitted?

A

Direct contact with lesions or saliva

48
Q

What is the treatment for herpes? How does this work?

A

Acyclovir – viral thymidine kinase activates it, and it inhibits DNA pol

49
Q

What is the virus that causes chickenpox?

A

Varicella virus (VZV)

50
Q

What are the symptoms of varicella infx?

A

Central rash and fever

51
Q

What are the lesions like in chickenpox? Evolution? Do these lesions evolve together, or separately?

A

Vesicles to pustules to scabs

Lesions evolve separately

52
Q

Are lesions with chicken pox seen on the soles of feet or palms of the hands?

A

Very rarely

53
Q

What are the complications with chicken pox? (2)

A

Bacterial infections of the lesions

Pneumonia

54
Q

What happens to neonates born to mothers with primary chickenpox infection?

A

Low birthweight

Microcephaly

55
Q

What is the prodrome of herpes zoster (shingles)?

A

Paresthesia

56
Q

How is herpes zoster reactivated?

A

Immunosuppression of some sort

57
Q

What are the complications of untreated herpes zoster?

A

Postherpetic neuralgia

58
Q

What is the distribution of herpes zoster?

A

Dermatomal

59
Q

What is the viral family of varicella-zoster virus? Enveloped? genome?

A

Herpesviridae
Enveloped
dsDNA

60
Q

What are the two sensory nerves (or group of nerves) that often hold VZV?

A

Dorsal route

Trigeminal ganglia

61
Q

How many serotypes of VZV?

62
Q

How is VZV transmitted (2)?

A

Respiratory secretions/saliva

Direct contact with lesions

63
Q

How do you diagnose VZV? (3)

A

Tzanck smear
Serological testing
Latex agglutination

64
Q

What are the two vaccines for varicella?

A

Varicella vaccine

Zoster vaccine

65
Q

What does the varicella vaccine contain? How is it prepared?

A

Live attenuated virus strain grown in tissue culture

66
Q

When is the varicella vaccine given?

A

1 at 12-15 mo

2 at 4-6 yrs

67
Q

What does the zoster vaccine protect against? What does it contain? What is it used for?

A

Reactivations of VZV

Higher titer of live attenuated virus like varicella vaccine

Used to prevent shingles for previously infected individuals

68
Q

What is the treatment for VZV? How sensitive is VZV relative to other HSVs?

A

Acyclovir

less sensitive

69
Q

What is a Tzanck smear? What is this used to diagnose?

A

Smear looking for multinucleated, diagnostic of Herpes.

Microbio (50 decks)

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