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Microbio > Parasitic Roundworms > Flashcards

Parasitic Roundworms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scientific name for roundworms?

A

Nematodes

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2
Q

Do nematoads have separate sexes?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Do nematoads have complete digestive systems?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Do nematoads have segmented bodies?

A

No

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5
Q

How do you diagnose helminth infections?

A

Looking at the eggs in a stool sample

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6
Q

Which parasite have a eggs that are flat on one side?

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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7
Q

Which parasite have eggs that look like lemons with stripes on either side?

A

Trichuris trichiura

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8
Q

Which parasite has eggs that are lump/bumpy?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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9
Q

Which parasite has eggs that are boring?

A

Hook worms

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10
Q

True or false: most people do not die due to helminth infections

A

True

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11
Q

What are the major consequences of helminth infections?

A

Malnutrition/fatigue

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12
Q

Which populations are more likely to be infected by helminths?

A

Children, poor

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13
Q

Which part of the US usually has the most helminth infections?

A

Southeastern US

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14
Q

What are the three stages of all nematodes?

A

Egg, larval, adult

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15
Q

True or false: nematodes do not have separate sexes

A

False

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16
Q

Which is bigger usually, the female or the male nematode?

A

Female

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17
Q

Do the adult versions of nematodes replicate inside their human hosts?

A

No, but the do produce eggs

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18
Q

What will you see in a CBC of a pt with a nematode infection?

A

Eosinophilia

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19
Q

Will the number of nematodes increase in an infection?

A

No, unless you ingest more eggs

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20
Q

What is the scientific name for a pinworm?

A

Eterobius vermicularis

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21
Q

What are geohelminths?

A

Nematode infection that is acquired through contact with infected soil. These nematodes need to mature in soil before they are infectious

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22
Q

What are the four groups of geohelminths?

A

Ascaris and Trichuris

Strongyloides and hookworms

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23
Q

Which nematodes infect through the ingestion of eggs only?

A

Ascaris and Trichuris

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24
Q

What is the primary symptom of an infection with enterobius vermicularis?

A

Itchy butt

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25
Q

What is the characteristic shape of pinworms (enterobius vermicularis)?

A

Eggs that are flat on one side

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26
Q

What is the life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis?

A

ingestion of eggs, leading to infection. Females will lay eggs on anus.

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27
Q

What is the most common helminthic infection of the US?

A

Pinworm infx (enterobius vermicularis)

28
Q

What is the route of transmission for enterobius vermicularis?

A

Fecal oral route

29
Q

Do pinworms (enterobius vermicularis) of other animals infect man?

A

No

30
Q

How do you diagnose enterobius vermicularis?

A

Scotch tape test

31
Q

What is the treatment for an infection with enterobius vermicularis? Should other family members be treated?

A

Mebendazoe, or pyrantel pamoate

Literature is conflicting about treating family

32
Q

What is the scientific name for whipworm?

A

Trichuris trichuria

33
Q

What does Trichurius trichuira egg look like?

A

Lemon shaped

34
Q

What is the life cycle of Trichurius trichuria?

A

Adults in the cecum have sex, then produce eggs that pass in stool. These eggs mature in soil, then reinfect

35
Q

Where are most cases of Trichurius trichuria (whipworm) diagnosed?

A

Southeastern US

36
Q

What is the route of transmission for trichurius trichuria?

A

Fecal oral

37
Q

Why are most people asymptomatic with trichurius trichuria (whipworm)?

A

Because there is a low worm burden (one or two worms in the intestine)

38
Q

What are the symptoms of a trichuria trichuris infection, if there are any? (3)

A

Bloody diarrhea
Frequent sools
Rectal prolapse in children

39
Q

How do you diagnose Whipworm (trichurius trichuria)?

A

Identification of eggs in stool (lemon shaped)

40
Q

What is the causative agent in ascariasis?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

41
Q

What is the life cycle of Ascarius lumricoides?

A

Geohelminth - Eggs deposited and mature in soil. Then infect circulation, lungs, back to intestines

42
Q

What is the largest of the intestinal nematodes?

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

43
Q

What do the eggs of ascaris lumbricoides eggs look like?

A

Lumpy bumpy eggs

44
Q

Why can you get pulmomary eosinophilia with an ascaris lubricoides infection?

A

They travel through the circulation and into the lungs as part of their life cycle

45
Q

What is the reservoir of ascaris lumbricoides?

A

Humans and only humans

46
Q

What is the route of transmission of ascaris lumbricoidies?

A

Fecal-oral, but eggs need to develop in the soil before they are infectious

47
Q

Which nematodes require their eggs to mature in the soil before becoming infectious?

A

Geohelminths (ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, tirchuris trichuria, strongyloides)

48
Q

What are the symptoms of ascariasis (infection with ascaris lubricoides)?

A

Usually asymptomatic, but if there are, abd pain, n/v/d

49
Q

Why can a mild cough, and pneumonitis develop in ascariasis?

A

due to the ascaris lumbricoides travel through the circulation to the lungs

50
Q

What is the scientific name for hookworms?

A

Necator americanus OR Ancylostoma duodenale

51
Q

How do the eggs of necator americanus (hookworms) appear?

A

Plain, boring

52
Q

What is the life cycle of hookworm?

A

Eggs deposited into the environment, then hatch into larvae. These can penetrate the skin

53
Q

Which nematode eggs hatch in the soil, mature into larvae, and penetrate the skin of a host?

A

Hookworms (Nectar americanus) and strongyloides

54
Q

What is the major issue that can arise with a hookworm (Necator Americanus infx)?

A

Anemia in pregnant women

55
Q

Can dog hookworms cause human disease?

A

Not really, just local skin infection (cutaneous larval migrans)

56
Q

Which parasitic infections travel through the circulation, through the lungs, and back into the intestines?

A

hookworms, Ascarius lumbrodoies, Strongyloides

57
Q

Which nematode is a facultative parasite, rather than an obligate parasite?

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

58
Q

What is the parasite responsible for Strongyloidiasis?

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

59
Q

What disease does Strongyloides stercoralis cause?

A

Strongyloidiasis

60
Q

What is the only parasite the poops out larvae?

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

61
Q

How does Strongyloides stercoralis infect its host?

A

Penetrates the skin

62
Q

What are the two parasites that infect their host through skin penetration in the soil?

A

Strongyloides stercoralis and Hookworms

63
Q

How do you diagnose Strongyloidiasis?

A

Larvae in stool

64
Q

What causes the hyperinfection seen in Strongyloidiasis?

A

Larvae in the intestines become infectious, and penetrate the intestines, going into the circurlation

65
Q

What are the symptoms of Strongyloidiasis?

A

Usually asymptomatic, but can show up as a URI

66
Q

How do you diagnose Strongyloidiasis?

A

Larvae in stool or sputum

Microbio (50 decks)

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