Parasitic Roundworms

Question 1

What is the scientific name for roundworms?

Answer 1

Nematodes

Question 2

Do nematoads have separate sexes?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

Do nematoads have complete digestive systems?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

Do nematoads have segmented bodies?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

How do you diagnose helminth infections?

Answer 5

Looking at the eggs in a stool sample

Question 6

Which parasite have a eggs that are flat on one side?

Answer 6

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 7

Which parasite have eggs that look like lemons with stripes on either side?

Answer 7

Trichuris trichiura

Question 8

Which parasite has eggs that are lump/bumpy?

Answer 8

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 9

Which parasite has eggs that are boring?

Answer 9

Hook worms

Question 10

True or false: most people do not die due to helminth infections

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What are the major consequences of helminth infections?

Answer 11

Malnutrition/fatigue

Question 12

Which populations are more likely to be infected by helminths?

Answer 12

Children, poor

Question 13

Which part of the US usually has the most helminth infections?

Answer 13

Southeastern US

Question 14

What are the three stages of all nematodes?

Answer 14

Egg, larval, adult

Question 15

True or false: nematodes do not have separate sexes

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Which is bigger usually, the female or the male nematode?

Answer 16

Female

Question 17

Do the adult versions of nematodes replicate inside their human hosts?

Answer 17

No, but the do produce eggs

Question 18

What will you see in a CBC of a pt with a nematode infection?

Answer 18

Eosinophilia

Question 19

Will the number of nematodes increase in an infection?

Answer 19

No, unless you ingest more eggs

Question 20

What is the scientific name for a pinworm?

Answer 20

Eterobius vermicularis

Question 21

What are geohelminths?

Answer 21

Nematode infection that is acquired through contact with infected soil. These nematodes need to mature in soil before they are infectious

Question 22

What are the four groups of geohelminths?

Answer 22

Ascaris and Trichuris

Strongyloides and hookworms

Question 23

Which nematodes infect through the ingestion of eggs only?

Answer 23

Ascaris and Trichuris

Question 24

What is the primary symptom of an infection with enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 24

Itchy butt

Question 25

What is the characteristic shape of pinworms (enterobius vermicularis)?

Answer 25

Eggs that are flat on one side

Question 26

What is the life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 26

ingestion of eggs, leading to infection. Females will lay eggs on anus.

Question 27

What is the most common helminthic infection of the US?

Answer 27

Pinworm infx (enterobius vermicularis)

Question 28

What is the route of transmission for enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 28

Fecal oral route

Question 29

Do pinworms (enterobius vermicularis) of other animals infect man?

Answer 29

No

Question 30

How do you diagnose enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 30

Scotch tape test

Question 31

What is the treatment for an infection with enterobius vermicularis? Should other family members be treated?

Answer 31

Mebendazoe, or pyrantel pamoate Literature is conflicting about treating family

Question 32

What is the scientific name for whipworm?

Answer 32

Trichuris trichuria

Question 33

What does Trichurius trichuira egg look like?

Answer 33

Lemon shaped

Question 34

What is the life cycle of Trichurius trichuria?

Answer 34

Adults in the cecum have sex, then produce eggs that pass in stool. These eggs mature in soil, then reinfect

Question 35

Where are most cases of Trichurius trichuria (whipworm) diagnosed?

Answer 35

Southeastern US

Question 36

What is the route of transmission for trichurius trichuria?

Answer 36

Fecal oral

Question 37

Why are most people asymptomatic with trichurius trichuria (whipworm)?

Answer 37

Because there is a low worm burden (one or two worms in the intestine)

Question 38

What are the symptoms of a trichuria trichuris infection, if there are any? (3)

Answer 38

Bloody diarrhea Frequent sools Rectal prolapse in children

Question 39

How do you diagnose Whipworm (trichurius trichuria)?

Answer 39

Identification of eggs in stool (lemon shaped)

Question 40

What is the causative agent in ascariasis?

Answer 40

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 41

What is the life cycle of Ascarius lumricoides?

Answer 41

Geohelminth - Eggs deposited and mature in soil. Then infect circulation, lungs, back to intestines

Question 42

What is the largest of the intestinal nematodes?

Answer 42

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 43

What do the eggs of ascaris lumbricoides eggs look like?

Answer 43

Lumpy bumpy eggs

Question 44

Why can you get pulmomary eosinophilia with an ascaris lubricoides infection?

Answer 44

They travel through the circulation and into the lungs as part of their life cycle

Question 45

What is the reservoir of ascaris lumbricoides?

Answer 45

Humans and only humans

Question 46

What is the route of transmission of ascaris lumbricoidies?

Answer 46

Fecal-oral, but eggs need to develop in the soil before they are infectious

Question 47

Which nematodes require their eggs to mature in the soil before becoming infectious?

Answer 47

Geohelminths (ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, tirchuris trichuria, strongyloides)

Question 48

What are the symptoms of ascariasis (infection with ascaris lubricoides)?

Answer 48

Usually asymptomatic, but if there are, abd pain, n/v/d

Question 49

Why can a mild cough, and pneumonitis develop in ascariasis?

Answer 49

due to the ascaris lumbricoides travel through the circulation to the lungs

Question 50

What is the scientific name for hookworms?

Answer 50

Necator americanus OR Ancylostoma duodenale

Question 51

How do the eggs of necator americanus (hookworms) appear?

Answer 51

Plain, boring

Question 52

What is the life cycle of hookworm?

Answer 52

Eggs deposited into the environment, then hatch into larvae. These can penetrate the skin

Question 53

Which nematode eggs hatch in the soil, mature into larvae, and penetrate the skin of a host?

Answer 53

Hookworms (Nectar americanus) and strongyloides

Question 54

What is the major issue that can arise with a hookworm (Necator Americanus infx)?

Answer 54

Anemia in pregnant women

Question 55

Can dog hookworms cause human disease?

Answer 55

Not really, just local skin infection (cutaneous larval migrans)

Question 56

Which parasitic infections travel through the circulation, through the lungs, and back into the intestines?

Answer 56

hookworms, Ascarius lumbrodoies, Strongyloides

Question 57

Which nematode is a facultative parasite, rather than an obligate parasite?

Answer 57

Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 58

What is the parasite responsible for Strongyloidiasis?

Answer 58

Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 59

What disease does Strongyloides stercoralis cause?

Answer 59

Strongyloidiasis

Question 60

What is the only parasite the poops out larvae?

Answer 60

Strongyloides stercoralis

Question 61

How does Strongyloides stercoralis infect its host?

Answer 61

Penetrates the skin

Question 62

What are the two parasites that infect their host through skin penetration in the soil?

Answer 62

Strongyloides stercoralis and Hookworms

Question 63

How do you diagnose Strongyloidiasis?

Answer 63

Larvae in stool

Question 64

What causes the hyperinfection seen in Strongyloidiasis?

Answer 64

Larvae in the intestines become infectious, and penetrate the intestines, going into the circurlation

Question 65

What are the symptoms of Strongyloidiasis?

Answer 65

Usually asymptomatic, but can show up as a URI

Question 66

How do you diagnose Strongyloidiasis?

Answer 66

Larvae in stool or sputum