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Microbio > Viral STIs II > Flashcards

Viral STIs II Flashcards

1
Q

What is the progression of symptoms for Herpes?

A

Macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, ulcers

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2
Q

How long do the herpes lesions last for?

A

about 3 weeks

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3
Q

In which sex are symptoms more severe for herpes?

A

Women

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4
Q

What is the prodrome for Herpes recurrent lesions?

A

tingling, pain

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5
Q

How long does it take for herpes lesions to heal?

A

7-10 days

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6
Q

True or false: neonatal herpes infections are usually fatal, but asymptomatic

A

False,

Lethal yes, but rarely asymptomatic

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7
Q

What is the primary infection of herpes?

A

First time ever exposed

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8
Q

Is herpes painful? Pruritic?

A

Yes, and yes

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9
Q

What are the associated symptoms of herpes?

A

Fever
Inguinal lymph nodes
Malaise

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10
Q

Are recurrent lesions of herpes more or less severe than the initial infection?

A

Less

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11
Q

What is herpetic whitlow?

A

Infection in the digits

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12
Q

What is herpetic labialis?

A

Cold sores

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13
Q

What are the two scary herpes infections?

A

keratitis

Encephalitis

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14
Q

Who is usually infection with herpetic whitlow?

A

Healthcare workers

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15
Q

What infants are at the highest risk of developing neonatal herpes?

A

in infants born to mothers experiencing a primary infection during delivery

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16
Q

Can herpes pass through the placenta?

A

No

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17
Q

What is the least severe neonatal herpes infection?

A

Disease localized to skin, eyes, mouth

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18
Q

What are the serious consequences of babies not treated for herpes?

A

Blindness
Microcephaly
Spastic quadraplegia

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of encephalitis neonatal herpes infection?

A

Szs
poor feeding
Bulging fontanelle

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20
Q

What fraction of neonate infections with herpes develop microcephaly? What is the mortality rate?

A

1/3

50% mortality

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of disseminated neonatal herpes infections? What is the mortality rate?

A

Depends on organs involved

80% mortality rate

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22
Q

Are c-section indicated for herpes?

A

Yes

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23
Q

What is the family of herpes virus? Enveloped? Genome?

A

Herpesviridae family
Enveloped
dsDNA genome

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24
Q

What is the target of antivirals for herpes?

A

HSV pol

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25
Q

Where does herpes establish a latent infection?

A

Sensory neurons

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26
Q

Which nerve is responsible for holding cold sore herpes on the face? Genitalia?

A

CN V

Sacral plexus

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27
Q

What are the two types of HSV? Which are each associated with?

A

1= oral lesions

2= genitalia

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28
Q

How is HSV transmitted?

A

Saliva
Sex
Lesion contact

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29
Q

What are people usually exposed to HSV 1 and 2?

A 
1= <4 yo
2 = sexual activity
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30
Q

How do you diagnose HSV?

A

Lesion appearances
PCR/serology
Tzanck smear

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31
Q

What is the Tzanck smear? Which HSV viruses will this be positive for?

A

Seeing large, multinucleated cells

HSV 1 and 2

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32
Q

How can you detect a dendritic lesion in the eye d/t HSV?

A

Fluorescent dye

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33
Q

What is the treatment for oral lesions of HSV?

A

Not treated with antivirals

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34
Q

What is the treatment for genital herpes?

A

Oral antivirals

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35
Q

What is the treatment for neonatal herpes?

A

IV antivirals

36
Q

What is the treatment for ocular HSV infections?

A

Topical antivirals

37
Q

What are the treatment goals for HSV?

A

Shorten time

Increase recurrence time

38
Q

Do antiherpetic drugs work in the latent stage of HSV infection?

39
Q

What is the MOA of nucleoside analogues like acyclovir?

A

Viral DNA pol inhibitor by guanosine analogue

40
Q

Are there many side effects of acyclovir? Why?

A

No, because it needs to be activated by a viral enzyme

41
Q

What is the viral enzyme that is needed to activate acyclovir?

A

Viral thymidine kinase

42
Q

What are the non-nucleoside inhibitors for HSV? MOA?Is an enzyme needed? How is it administered?

A

Foscarnet

Inhibitors of viral DNA pol

no enzyme needed, but more side effects

IV administration

43
Q

What is the viral cause of genital warts?

44
Q

What are the lesions associated with genital warts?

A

Hyperkerotitic , firm, exophilic papules

45
Q

What are the symptoms of genital warts

A

Asymptomatic to itching, burning painfil

46
Q

What are the three way cervical warts present?

A

Exophilic
Endophilic
Flat

47
Q

How can you identify cervical warts?

A

Add acetic acid

48
Q

What are the symptoms of respiratory papollomatisis of HPV?

A

Hoarseness
Stridor
Respiratory distress

49
Q

What is the treatment for respiratory papillomatosis/laryngeal papillomas caused by HPV?

A

surgical removal

50
Q

Is c-section helpful to prevent respiratory papillomatosis/laryngeal papillomas caused by HPV?

51
Q

What is the family of HPV? Enveloped? genome?

A

Papvaviridae
Non-enveloped
dsDNA genome

52
Q

Replication of HPV is closely associated with what property of the epithelial cells that it infects?

A

The differentiation status

53
Q

What is the MOA of increased CA risk of HPV?

A

Increased expression of E6 and E7 via genome integration into host genome

54
Q

What is E2?

A

Gene that regulates the expression of E6 and E7 (decreases)

55
Q

What happens when E2 binds to E2BS? What happens in CA?

A

inhibits E6/E7 production

Integration into host cell genome, thus no regulation

56
Q

What is the MOA of E6 and E7?

A

Inhibiting p53 and Rb respectively

57
Q

What is the MOA of p53 and Rb?

A

Control cell cycle from G1 to S phase

58
Q

When do precancerous lesions appear (what age)?

A

around 30 years

59
Q

What age do cancerous HPV infections usually develop?

60
Q

What is the progression of the histology of HPV?

A

CIN 1, CIN2, CIN3

61
Q

What is the cytology progression of HPV?

A

LSIL, HSIL

62
Q

How is HPV transmitted?

A

Sexually

Cuts/abrasions

63
Q

What is the incubation period for genital warts?

A

3-4 months

64
Q

How do you diagnose HPV?

A

Clinical appearance of warts

PCR if necessary

65
Q

What are koilocytes?

A

Enlarged keratinocytes that contain irregular hyperchromatic nuclei surrounded by a halo in a pap smear

66
Q

Which serotypes of HPV have PCR dection?

A

16, 18, and 12

67
Q

What is the treatment for gential warts caused by HPV?

A

cryotherapy

CO2 laser

68
Q

What is the treatment for low grade neoplasms caused by HPV?

A

get wart off

69
Q

What is the treatment for high grade neoplasms caused by HPV?

A

Hysterectomy
Radiation
Chemo

70
Q

What are the prevention techniques for HPV?

A

Pap smears

HPV vaccine

71
Q

What are the two vaccines for HPV?

A

Gardasil

Cervarix

72
Q

What are the serotypes that Gardasil protects against? Cervarix?

A 
Gardasil = 6, 11, 16, 18
Cervarix = 16, 18
73
Q

Which HPV vaccine should males get?

74
Q

Which HPV serotypes cause laryngeal papillomas?

75
Q

Which HPV serotypes cause anogenital warts?

A

6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33,

76
Q

Which HPV serotypes cause common warts?

77
Q

Which HPV serotypes cause plantar warts?

78
Q

Which HPV serotypes cause carry a high risk of CA development?

A

16, 18, 31, 33

79
Q

Which HPV serotypes cause carry a lower risk for CA development?

80
Q

What is an “initial genital infection” with herpes? Primary infection?

A

Initial genital = had before, but not in genitalia

Primary = first time exposure

81
Q

What are the three types of neonatal infections of herpes?

A
  1. Localization to skin, eyes, mouth
  2. Encephalitis
  3. Disseminated
82
Q

Are neonatal Herpes infection localized to the skin, eyes, and mouth lethal?

83
Q

What is the mortality rate for disseminated neonatal herpes infection? Complications?

A

80%

HSV pneumonitis
Disseminated intravascular coagulation

84
Q

Can HSV cross the placenta?

85
Q

What part of the epithelium does cervical neoplasia have to breach to be considered invasive squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Basal membrane

86
Q

What do the HPV vaccines contain as the active compound? How is this produced?

A

L1 capsid

Produced through yeast

Microbio (50 decks)

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