Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbio > Host parasite relationships > Flashcards

Host parasite relationships Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term microbiota?

A

Normal flora basically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is medical microiology?

A

Study of dyamins interaction between microbes and the human host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a symbiosis?

A

Close and prolonged association between 2 or more organisms of different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is commensalis?

A

Host gets no benefits to symbiosis, but is not harmed either

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is mutualism?

A

Both host and microorganisms benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is parasitism?

A

Microorganisms benefits, but the host is harmed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a niche?

A

A shelter/physical space in the body that provides nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the normal microbiota?

A

Commensal or mutual symbionts that are adapted to specific niches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or false: the normal microbiota tend to avoid directly injuring the host?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are bacteriosins?

A

Toxins that bacteria produce that are toxic only to other bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of microrganisms in the lungs?

A

None, usually considered sterile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How much bacteria do the stomach and the esophagus have?

A

Very little

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why do PPIs change the microbiota?

A

Change the pH, change the bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or false: fetueses are generally sterile?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where do the bacteria come from just after birth?

A

Either from the vagina, or from the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or false: The urinary bladder is generally considered sterile

A

True for boards, but not really

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why does the normal microbiota change as we grow?

A

Developing immunity, then decreasing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are resident vs transient members of the microbiota?

A

Resident- long term occupation of niches

Transient = opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why are some bacteria transient members?

A

Competition from resident bacteria

Immune system target

Chemical changes in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does staphloccous epidermidiis live? Gram positive or negative? Cocci or baccili?

A

Skin, nose, ears

Gram +, cocci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are group A streptococcus pyogenes?Gram positive or negative? Cocci or baccili?

A

Gram + cocci in chaines that colonize the oropharynx of children

Causative agent of strep throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Microorganisms that have the ability to cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are strict pathogens?

A

Organisms that are always associated with disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are opportunistic pathogens?

A

normal micobiota that take advantage of preexisiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Are most infectious disesaes caused by opportunistic infections or by strict pathoges?

A

Opportunistic infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is pathogenicity?

A

The ability of a microorganisms to cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is virulence?

A

A measurement of pathogenicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are virulence factors?

A

Factors produced by organisms that enable it to infect, cause disease, and/or kill a host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

UIs are generally caused by what bacteria?

A

E.coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the causative agaent of pseudomembrane colitis? Cause?

A

C. diff, (normal microbiota)

Abx use kills microbiota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the cause of OM? (3)

A

Strep pneumonia, haemophilus influenza, and moraxella catarrhalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Why do children develop OM?

A

Tensor veli palatini muscle is not develop, and cannot close the eustaian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a carrier?

A

An asmptomatic individual but has the ability to transmit the pathogens to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Can you be a permanent carrier of disease?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is a zoonotic entry into a human?

A

Animal to human

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is a vector?

A

Like an asymptomatic carrier

37
Q

What are the commensal barriers to entry into a host?

A

niche bacteria killing off bad bacteria through competition

38
Q

What is the first step that a pathogen does in order to infect?

A

Adhesion through adhesins or attachment proteins on pilli

39
Q

Why do pathogenic bacteria only infect a certain area of the body?

A

Specific adhesion molecules only in certain areas in the body

40
Q

What is plaktincally?

A

Free moving in solution. Most bacteria are not free–they are stationary

41
Q

What are biofilms?

A

Bacteria encased in an exopolmeric substance of their own making

42
Q

What is the source of dental caries?

A

Biofilm that turns to acid

43
Q

How do biofilms protect bacteria from abx?

A

Slows the diffusion of abx, increased genetic exchange

44
Q

True of false: biofilms play a small role in infections?

A

False

45
Q

What are the sites that are considered sterile in the human body? (4)

A

Internal organs
Upper urogenital tract
Lungs
Circulatory system

46
Q

What are the three factors that prevent transient bacteria from becoming resident members?

A
  1. Immune responses
  2. Competition from bacteria
  3. Chemical changes
47
Q

What is the causative agent of strep throat? Is this a normal member of the microbiota?

A

Streptococcus Pyogenes

48
Q

What determines the tropism of a bacteria?

A

The specific adhesion molecules it has

49
Q

True or false: The majority of bacteria in nature do not live planktonically (i.e. freely moving or swimming

A

True

50
Q

What are the factors that bacteria in a biofilm have that prevents them from being affected by abx? (3)

A
  1. Lower metabolism
  2. Increase in genetic exchange
  3. Slow diffusion of chemicals through the biofilm
51
Q

What are intracellular pathogens?

A

Bacteria that replicate inside a host cell

52
Q

What are the ways in which bacteria are toxic to a host?

A
  1. Release toxins

2. Byproducts of growth

53
Q

What are exotoxins?

A

are bacterial proteins that directly harm tissue or lead to destructive biological activities

54
Q

What is the AB binding toxin family?

A

An AB toxin is comprised of an A subunit that possesses the toxic activity and a B subunit that is responsible for binding to a host cell recepto

55
Q

What are endotoxins? What type of bacteria posses these?

A

Toxins on the outer surface leaflet of gram-negative bacteria

56
Q

What is the effect of a capsule on the bacteria’s ability to evade the host immune system?

A

Increases it since the polysaccharide makes a poor antigen

57
Q

What is antigenic mimicry?

A

When bacteria produce/coat themselves in compounds that the host immune system recognizes as self

58
Q

Where are staph aureus bacteria usually found on the human body?

A

Nose, skin

59
Q

Where are staph aureus epidermisusually found on the human body?

A

Nose, skin,

60
Q

Where are diptheroids bacteria usually found on the human body?

A

Nose, urethra and vagina, skin,

61
Q

Where are streptococci bacteria usually found?

A

nose, mouth, throat, skin, urethra and vagina

62
Q

Where are strep mutans bacteria usually found on the human body?

A

teeth

63
Q

Where are strep viridan, pyogenes, and pneuumoniae bacteria usually found on the human body?

A

Throat

64
Q

Where are neisseria bacteria usually found on the human body?

A

Throat

65
Q

Where are haemophilus influenzae bacteria usually found on the human body?

A

Throat

66
Q

Where are pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria usually found on the human body?

A

skin

67
Q

Where are Torulopsis bacteria usually found on the human body?

A

skin

68
Q

Where are Pityrosporum bacteria usually found on the human body?

A

skin

69
Q

Where are candida usually found on the human body?

A

mouth, skin,

70
Q

What are the bacteria that are found in the staomach?

A

Lactobacilli

71
Q

What are the bacteria that are found in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum? (4)

A

Lactobacilli
Streptococci
Enterobacteria
Baceroides

72
Q

What are the bacteria that are found in the large bowel? (10)

A 
Strep
E.coli
bacteroides
fusobacterium
lactobacillus
clostridium
Staph auerues
enterobacteria
pseudomonas
Salmonella
73
Q

Infections with staph epidermis are associated with what?

A

Prosthetic devices and IV catheters

74
Q

What are the opportunistic infections that are associated with IV catheters?

A 
Staph epidermis
Staph aureus (MRSA)
75
Q

What are the opportunistic infections associated with wound/surgical site infections?

A

Staph auerus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

76
Q

What are the opportunistic infections associated with bacterial endocarditits?

A

Strep viridans

77
Q

What are the opportunisitic infections associate with aspiration pneumonia?

A

Polymicrobial

78
Q

What types of bacteria are responsible for OM? (3)

A

Step penumoniae
Haemophilus influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis

79
Q

True or false: bacteria only produce pathology at the sites of infection

A

False- can produce toxins that disseminate

80
Q

How can bacteria evade IgA antibodies?

A

Secreting proteases

81
Q

How can bacteria resist complement?

A

By preventing complement from directly interacting with the membrane (capsule, long O-antigen on LPS) or through degradation of complement components.

82
Q

What is the MOA of diptheria toxin?

A

AB protein binds to cell surface, and inhibits EF-2

83
Q

What is the MOA of cholera?

A

AB binding protein increases adenylate cyclase activity by biding the G proteins and preventing inactivation of the cAMP producing protein

84
Q

What is the MOA of C. tetani?

A

Produce tetanospasmin that inhibits inhibitory transmitter release (tense paralysis)

85
Q

What is the MOA of c. botulinum?

A

Release toxin that blocks the release of ACH (flacid paralysis)

86
Q

What are superantigens?

A

Proteins that bind to MHC class II without requiring an antigen, and provoke an anaphylactic response

87
Q

What is antigenic variation?

A

Bacteria that quickly change their antigenic makeup, due to many recombination of silent and active genes

88
Q

What is quorum sensing?

A

A way for bacteria to sense the size of their population by secreting chemicals at appropriate times

89
Q

What are the ways that bacteria can escape phagocytic clearance?

A 
Inhibit opsonization
Inhibit chemotaxis
Kill phagocyte
Inhibit lysosomal fusion
Escape lysosome
Resistant antibacterial lysosomal action

Microbio (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions