Bacteria infx CNS II

Question 1

Who are most affected by GBS meningitis?

Answer 1

Children (neonates)

Question 2

What is the gram stain and morphology of strep agalactiae Hemolysis result

Answer 2

Gram Positive cocci

BEta hemolysis

Question 3

What is the CAMP test result for GBS? Resistant or not to bacitracin?

Answer 3

Positive

Resistant

Question 4

When do most cases of meningitis caused by GBS occur?

Answer 4

within the first week of life (75%)

Question 5

Where do neonates get the GBS?

Answer 5

Vagnial canal of carrier mother

Question 6

What percent of women are colonized with GBS? How many times more likely are these women to give birth to children who get GBS meningitis?

Answer 6

10-30%

25 times more likely

Question 7

What is the virulence factors of GBS?

Answer 7

Polysaccharide Capsule

Question 8

What is the function of the capsule of GBS?

Answer 8

1. Disrupts complement

2. Impedes phagocytosis

Question 9

What are the increased risk factors for GBS meningitis for neonates? (4)

Answer 9

1. prolonged rupture of membranes
2. Preterms
3. Previous infant with GBS
4. Mom has no Antibody

Question 10

What are the three early (and late) onset diseases caused by GBS in neonates?

Answer 10

Bacteremia
Pneumonia
Meningitis

Question 11

How do you diagnose GBS infections?

Answer 11

1. Recognize clinical sign

2. Identify through lab cultivation

Question 12

What is the treatment for GBS meningitis?

Answer 12

PCN

Question 13

How do we prevent GBS meningitis? (2)

Answer 13

Screen all pregnant women to reduce the likelihood

Intrapartum PCN

Question 14

What is the gram stain and morphology of Haemophilus influenzae type B?

Answer 14

Gram negative rod

Question 15

How do you grow HiB?

Answer 15

Chocolate agar

Question 16

What are the virulence factors for HiB?

Answer 16

PRP capsule

Question 17

What do the nonencapsulated type of Haemophilus cause?

Answer 17

Conjunctivitis
OM
Sinusitis

Question 18

What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis caused by HiB?

Answer 18

Fever, stiff neck, HA

Question 19

What is the major neurological sequelae of HiB meningitis?

Answer 19

hearing loss

Question 20

How do you diagnose HiB meningitis?

Answer 20

Gram stain CSF

Latex agglutination test

Question 21

How do we prevent HiB meningitis?

Answer 21

Immunization

Question 22

What does the vaccine against HiB contain?

Answer 22

Conjugated PRP

Question 23

What does a positive india ink stain indicate?

Answer 23

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 24

What is the gram stain and morphology of Clostridium tetani? Aerobic or anaerobic? Spore forming?

Answer 24

Gram positive rod
Anaerobic
Forms spores

Question 25

What is the toxin that C. Tetani produces? Where does this act?

Answer 25

Tetanospasmin--acts in the interneurons to prevent inhibition of inhibitory neurotransmittors

Question 26

Where are spores for C. tetani found?

Answer 26

Soil, feces of animals

Question 27

Drumstick morphology = ?

Answer 27

Clostridium Tetani

Question 28

What is the cause of neonatal tetanus?

Answer 28

Umbilical stump contamination

Question 29

What type of toxin is tetanospasmin? What symptoms does it cause?

Answer 29

A-B toxin | Causes spastic paralysis by binding inter neurons

Question 30

What is the type of paralysis seen in botulinum poisoning?

Answer 30

Flacid

Question 31

What are the signs/symptoms of C.Tetani?

Answer 31

Lock jaw | Neck stiffness

Question 32

How long does tetanus poisoning last for?

Answer 32

Weeks

Question 33

How do you diagnose Tetanus?

Answer 33

Clinical presentation

Question 34

Why is it hard to detect tetanospasmin or the bacteria? (2)

Answer 34

Difficult to detect toxin d/t bound to neurons Hard to grow (anaerobic)

Question 35

What is the treatment for active tetanus intoxication?

Answer 35

Passive and active immunization | IVIG + vaccination

Question 36

What is the goal of treatment for tetanus poisoning?

Answer 36

remove any unbound toxin

Question 37

What is the gram stain and morph of clostridium botulinum? Aerobic/anaerobic? Spores?

Answer 37

Gram positive rod, Anaerobic Spore-forming

Question 38

What is the toxin produced by C.Botulinum? How is it delivered to us?

Answer 38

Botulinum toxin | Ingested

Question 39

C.Botulinum is an infection, true or false

Answer 39

False--intoxication

Question 40

What is the cause of floppy baby syndrome?

Answer 40

C. Botulinum intoxication

Question 41

What is the MOA of C.Botulinum toxin?

Answer 41

A-B toxin Blocking of SNAREs to release ACh

Question 42

What is the gram stain and morphology of listeria monocytogenes? Motile?

Answer 42

Gram positive rod | Motile

Question 43

What are the vectors of listeria?

Answer 43

Ready to eat meats

Question 44

What CNS problem can listeria cause?

Answer 44

5-10% of meningitis

Question 45

Why is listeria found in meats?

Answer 45

Like salts, cold

Question 46

Can TB cause meningitis? How does it present?

Answer 46

Yep, but slowly because it's a slow growing bacteria

Question 47

How does S.Aureus cause meningitis (what disease does it follow)?

Answer 47

Follows bacteremia or traumatic inoculation and brain abscess

Question 48

Does Clostridium Tetani cause an infection or an intoxication?

Answer 48

Intoxication

Question 49

Baby + honey = ?

Answer 49

Botulinum poisoning

Question 50

Can Listeria be transmitted to fetus?

Answer 50

yes