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Microbio > Bacteria infx CNS II > Flashcards

Bacteria infx CNS II Flashcards

1
Q

Who are most affected by GBS meningitis?

A

Children (neonates)

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2
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of strep agalactiae Hemolysis result

A

Gram Positive cocci

BEta hemolysis

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3
Q

What is the CAMP test result for GBS? Resistant or not to bacitracin?

A

Positive

Resistant

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4
Q

When do most cases of meningitis caused by GBS occur?

A

within the first week of life (75%)

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5
Q

Where do neonates get the GBS?

A

Vagnial canal of carrier mother

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6
Q

What percent of women are colonized with GBS? How many times more likely are these women to give birth to children who get GBS meningitis?

A

10-30%

25 times more likely

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7
Q

What is the virulence factors of GBS?

A

Polysaccharide Capsule

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8
Q

What is the function of the capsule of GBS?

A
  1. Disrupts complement

2. Impedes phagocytosis

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9
Q

What are the increased risk factors for GBS meningitis for neonates? (4)

A
  1. prolonged rupture of membranes
  2. Preterms
  3. Previous infant with GBS
  4. Mom has no Antibody
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10
Q

What are the three early (and late) onset diseases caused by GBS in neonates?

A

Bacteremia
Pneumonia
Meningitis

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11
Q

How do you diagnose GBS infections?

A
  1. Recognize clinical sign

2. Identify through lab cultivation

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12
Q

What is the treatment for GBS meningitis?

A

PCN

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13
Q

How do we prevent GBS meningitis? (2)

A

Screen all pregnant women to reduce the likelihood

Intrapartum PCN

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14
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of Haemophilus influenzae type B?

A

Gram negative rod

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15
Q

How do you grow HiB?

A

Chocolate agar

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16
Q

What are the virulence factors for HiB?

A

PRP capsule

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17
Q

What do the nonencapsulated type of Haemophilus cause?

A

Conjunctivitis
OM
Sinusitis

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18
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of meningitis caused by HiB?

A

Fever, stiff neck, HA

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19
Q

What is the major neurological sequelae of HiB meningitis?

A

hearing loss

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20
Q

How do you diagnose HiB meningitis?

A

Gram stain CSF

Latex agglutination test

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21
Q

How do we prevent HiB meningitis?

A

Immunization

22
Q

What does the vaccine against HiB contain?

A

Conjugated PRP

23
Q

What does a positive india ink stain indicate?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

24
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of Clostridium tetani? Aerobic or anaerobic? Spore forming?

A

Gram positive rod
Anaerobic
Forms spores

25
Q

What is the toxin that C. Tetani produces? Where does this act?

A

Tetanospasmin–acts in the interneurons to prevent inhibition of inhibitory neurotransmittors

26
Q

Where are spores for C. tetani found?

A

Soil, feces of animals

27
Q

Drumstick morphology = ?

A

Clostridium Tetani

28
Q

What is the cause of neonatal tetanus?

A

Umbilical stump contamination

29
Q

What type of toxin is tetanospasmin? What symptoms does it cause?

A

A-B toxin

Causes spastic paralysis by binding inter neurons

30
Q

What is the type of paralysis seen in botulinum poisoning?

A

Flacid

31
Q

What are the signs/symptoms of C.Tetani?

A

Lock jaw

Neck stiffness

32
Q

How long does tetanus poisoning last for?

A

Weeks

33
Q

How do you diagnose Tetanus?

A

Clinical presentation

34
Q

Why is it hard to detect tetanospasmin or the bacteria? (2)

A

Difficult to detect toxin d/t bound to neurons

Hard to grow (anaerobic)

35
Q

What is the treatment for active tetanus intoxication?

A

Passive and active immunization

IVIG + vaccination

36
Q

What is the goal of treatment for tetanus poisoning?

A

remove any unbound toxin

37
Q

What is the gram stain and morph of clostridium botulinum? Aerobic/anaerobic? Spores?

A

Gram positive rod,
Anaerobic
Spore-forming

38
Q

What is the toxin produced by C.Botulinum? How is it delivered to us?

A

Botulinum toxin

Ingested

39
Q

C.Botulinum is an infection, true or false

A

False–intoxication

40
Q

What is the cause of floppy baby syndrome?

A

C. Botulinum intoxication

41
Q

What is the MOA of C.Botulinum toxin?

A

A-B toxin Blocking of SNAREs to release ACh

42
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of listeria monocytogenes? Motile?

A

Gram positive rod

Motile

43
Q

What are the vectors of listeria?

A

Ready to eat meats

44
Q

What CNS problem can listeria cause?

A

5-10% of meningitis

45
Q

Why is listeria found in meats?

A

Like salts, cold

46
Q

Can TB cause meningitis? How does it present?

A

Yep, but slowly because it’s a slow growing bacteria

47
Q

How does S.Aureus cause meningitis (what disease does it follow)?

A

Follows bacteremia or traumatic inoculation and brain abscess

48
Q

Does Clostridium Tetani cause an infection or an intoxication?

A

Intoxication

49
Q

Baby + honey = ?

A

Botulinum poisoning

50
Q

Can Listeria be transmitted to fetus?

A

yes

Microbio (50 decks)

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