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GI bacteria I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common route of infection for bacterial causes of diarrhea?

A

fecal-oral route

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2
Q

What are the two host defenses that can trigger the expression of bacterial virulence factors?

A

Mucus and bile

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3
Q

What is the normal bacteria flora of the stomach?

A

Lactobacili

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4
Q

What are the four flora of the small bowel?

A

Lactobacili
Streptococci
Enterobacteria
Bacteriodies

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5
Q

What is gasteroenteritis?

A

Syndrome characterized by n/v/d and abdominal pain

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6
Q

What is dysentery?

A

Inflammatory disorder of the GI tract that is often associated with diarrhea, abdo pain, and pus

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7
Q

What is enterocolitis?

A

Inflammation of the mucosa of the small and large intestines

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8
Q

Is EPEC an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?

A

Non-inflammatory

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9
Q

Is ETEC an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?

A

Non-inflammatory

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10
Q

Is EHEC an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?

A

inflammatory

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11
Q

Is EIEC an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?

A

inflammatory

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12
Q

Is salmonella an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?

A

inflammatory

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13
Q

Is Campylobacter jejuni an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?

A

inflammatory

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14
Q

Is c.diff an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?

A

inflammatory

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15
Q

Is shigella an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?

A

inflammatory

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16
Q

Is vibrio cholerae an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?

A

Non-inflammatory

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17
Q

Is Listeria an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?

A

Non-inflammatory

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18
Q

Is vibrio parahaemolyticus an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?

A

inflammatory

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19
Q

Is Yersinia enterocolitica an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?

A

inflammatory

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20
Q

What causes a bacteria to be a non-inflammatory one?

A

Non- Inflammatory = no toxins or cytotoxins,

rather they adhere to the intestine or epithelium and cause water efflux

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21
Q

Which type of bacteria are more likely to elicit hematochezia: inflammatory or non-inflammatory?

A

Inflammatory

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22
Q

Which type of bacteria are more likely to elicit fecal leukocytes: inflammatory or non-inflammatory?

A

Inflammatory

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23
Q

What is the definition of diarrhea?

A

Three or more loose stools per day

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24
Q

True or false: gut bacteria can have good and bad effects on the innate immunity of an individual

A

True

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25
Q

Is it beneficial or detrimental to the host that the bacteria digest compounds that human cannot?

A

Can be good and bad

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26
Q

What is the definition of colitis?

A

Inflammation of the large colon

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27
Q

What does it mean for a bacteria to be inflammatory?

A

Elicit damage to the intestine through either excretion of toxins or through immune mediated damage

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28
Q

Does EHEC cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?

A

Bloody

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29
Q

Does campylobacter jejuni cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?

A

Bloody

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30
Q

Does EPEC cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?

A

Watery

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31
Q

Does ETEC cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?

A

Watery

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32
Q

Does clostridium perfingens cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?

A

watery

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33
Q

Does shigella cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?

A

Bloody

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34
Q

Does Yersina enterocolitica cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?

A

Bloody

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35
Q

Does EIEC cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?

A

Bloody

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36
Q

Does Bacillus cereus cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?

A

Watery

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37
Q

Does Vibrio cholerae cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?

A

Watery

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38
Q

Does C.diff cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?

A

Bloody

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39
Q

Does Vibrio parahaemoyticus cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?

A

Bloody

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40
Q

Does listeria cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?

A

Watery

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41
Q

Does salmonella cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?

A

watery

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42
Q

How long does it take for symptoms to appear, if the bacteria causing the GI symptoms is from a preformed toxin? Which bacteria do this?

A

1-8 hours

Staph aureus
Bacillus cereus
Clostridium botulinum

(CBS)

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43
Q

How long does it take for symptoms to appear, if the bacteria causing the GI symptoms is from production of toxin after the bacteria is ingested? Which bacteria do this?

A

8-16 hours

Bacillus cereus
Clostridium perfinges
Clostridum botulinum

(BC, CB, CP)

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44
Q

How long does it take for symptoms to appear, if the bacteria causing the GI symptoms is from adherence of the bacteria to the cell epithelium, and production of virulence factors? Which bacteria do this?

A

16 + hours

Campylobacter 
Shigella
Listeria
EHEC
EPEC
ETEC
Vibrio
EIEC
Salmonella

(C-SLEEVES)

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45
Q

What are the two types of food poisoning?

A
  1. Toxins produced by bacteria in food before the food is consumed
  2. Ingestion of spores, (NO adherence) then germination and symptoms
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46
Q

What are the symptoms of food poisoning? What is not?

A

Diarrhea, emesis

NOT fever

47
Q

What are the four main bacterial causes of transient food poisoning?

A

Staph aureus
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Bacillus cereus

48
Q

Can staph aureus form spores?

49
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of staph aureus?

A

Gram positive cocci in clusters

50
Q

What is the MOA of staph aureus food poisoning?

A

Ingestion of preformed toxin

51
Q

When do symptoms of food poisoning for staph aureus appear (how ling after ingestion)?

52
Q

Is the staph aureus toxin heat stable or liable?

A

Heat stable

53
Q

What is the treatment for food poisoning caused by staph aureus?

A

Supportive

54
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of clostridium botulinum?Is it able to form spores?

A

Gram positive rod

Can form spores

55
Q

What are the two major groups of bacteria that can form spores?

A

Bacillus and clostridium

56
Q

Is botulinum toxin preformed?

57
Q

Why should you never give an infant under 1 year of age honey?

A

possibility of botulinum poisoning

58
Q

What are the early symptoms of botulina? What is this caused by?

A

n/v/d abdo pain

Preformed toxin

59
Q

What is the MOA of botulina toxin?

A

Prevents SNARE proteins from releasing ACh into the synaptic cleft, causing a flacid paralysis

60
Q

Which type of bacteria is associated with canned foods?

61
Q

What are the lasting complications from botulinum poisoning?

A

Linger weakness, dyspnea

62
Q

What is the treatment for ingestion of clostridium botulinum?

A

Supportive + IV anti-toxin

63
Q

What is the cause of floppy baby syndrome?

A

Infection with C. Botulinum spores, as can often be seen with infants consuming honey

64
Q

True or false: infant infection with botulinum toxin is usually milder and has a lower mortality rate than adult botulism

65
Q

What is the cause of botulinum poisoning in babies (why is it different than adults)?

A

The tight junctions in the intestinal epithelium are not fully formed

66
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of clostridium perfringens? Can it form spores?

A

Gram-positive rod

Spore forming

67
Q

What causes the symptoms of food poisoning by clostridium perfringens?

A

C. perfringens enterotoxin (NOT endotoxin)

68
Q

What is the reservoir for C. perfringens?

A

Meat and gravy products

69
Q

What are the symptoms of poisoning with C. perfringens? When do they start?

A

Diarrhea, and abdominal pain 8-16 hours post ingestion

70
Q

What is the treatment for poisoning with clostridium perfringens?

A

Supportive

71
Q

What are the gram stain and morphology of bacillus cereus? Can it form spores?

A

Gram positive rods

Can form spores

72
Q

What are the two forms of bacillus cereus poisoning?

A
  1. Emetic form

2. Diarrheal form

73
Q

What is the cause of the emetic form of poisoning by bacillus cereus? What is this associated with?

A

Preformed, heat stable toxin

Associated with improper storage of cooked rice

74
Q

What is the MOA of the emetic toxin that bacillus cereus produces? Is it heat stable? Is it preformed?

A

MOA is unknown, but it is heat stable, and preformed

75
Q

What is the cause of the diarrheal form of bacillus cereus poisoning?

A

Production of heat liable enterotoxin in the intestines (not outside the body)

76
Q

When do symptoms begin for the diarrheal form of food poisoning by bacillus cereus? Emetic form?

A 
Diarrheal = 8-16 hours
Emetic = 15 mins - 8 hours
77
Q

The enterotoxins that are produced by the bacillus cereus can cause emesis or diarrhea. Which is heat stable, and which is heat liable?

A 
Stable = emetic form
Liable = diarrheal form
78
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of Helicobacter pylori? Anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Gram negative, curved rod

Microaerophilic

79
Q

What is the disease caused by helicobacter pylori?

A

Stomach ulcers

Chronic gastritis

80
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Helicobater pylori? (What is the enzyme needed? What is the reaction catalyzed? What is the consequence of this?)

A

Production of urease, which causes urea to breakdown into CO2 and ammonia. This allows for cytotoxins to kill underlying cells, and expose CT to acid

81
Q

How can you diagnose H. Pylori infection?

A

Urea breath test

82
Q

What is the treatment for H. Pylori?

A

Abx & PPIs

83
Q

What is the morphology and gram stain of listeria? Aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Gram positive rod, anaerobic

84
Q

What are the three key survival traits of listeria?

A
  1. Temperature resistance
  2. High salt resistance
  3. Wide pH range
85
Q

What type of food is associated with listeria poisoning? Why?

A

Ready to eat meats b/c they can survive the high salt [C]

86
Q

Can listeria be transmitted from human to human?

A

Yes, particularly during pregnancy

87
Q

What are the symptoms of listeria poisoning?

A

Usually asymptomatic in healthy people

Immunocompromised can have bacteremia and meningitis

88
Q

If you see a pregnant woman with a fever without any obvious focus, what should you include in your differential?

A

Listeria poisoning

89
Q

What are the neonatal symptoms of listeria poisoning?

A

Granulomatosis infantiseptica–pyogenic granulomas distributed over the entire body

90
Q

What is the cause of Granulomatosis infantiseptica?

A

Listeria poisoning in prego mother passing to fetus

91
Q

How does listeria cause disease?

A

Adheres to the intestinal epithelium, induces uptake, and produes listeriolysin

92
Q

What is the function of the internalin-A (intA) protein that listeria produces?

A

Causes adherence of the bacteria to the epithelial cell wall

93
Q

What is the function of listeriolysin that listeria produces?

A

Disrupts the vacuole inside a cell to allow the bacteria to escape into the cytosol

94
Q

What is the protein listeria produces that allows it to move via actin polymerization?

95
Q

How do you diagnose listeriosis?

A

Culture CSF via cold enrichment

96
Q

What type of hemolysis does listeria have?

97
Q

Is listeria motile?

98
Q

What is the treatment for listeriosis?

A

Beta-lactam or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

99
Q

What is the only prevention technique for listeriosis?

A

Properly cook food

100
Q

Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: Staph aureus?

101
Q

Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: clostridium botulinum?

A

Preformed and producing

102
Q

Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: bacillus cereus (emetic form)?

103
Q

Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: Bacillus cereus (diarrheal)?

104
Q

Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: Clostridium perfringens?

105
Q

Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: shigella?

106
Q

Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: Salmonella?

107
Q

Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: listeria monocytogenes?

108
Q

Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: EHEC?

109
Q

Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: EPEC?

110
Q

Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: ETEC?

111
Q

Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: EIEC?

112
Q

Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: campylobacter?

113
Q

Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: Vibrio spp?

Microbio (50 decks)

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