GI bacteria I Flashcards
1
Q
What is the most common route of infection for bacterial causes of diarrhea?
A
fecal-oral route
2
Q
What are the two host defenses that can trigger the expression of bacterial virulence factors?
A
Mucus and bile
3
Q
What is the normal bacteria flora of the stomach?
A
Lactobacili
4
Q
What are the four flora of the small bowel?
A
Lactobacili
Streptococci
Enterobacteria
Bacteriodies
5
Q
What is gasteroenteritis?
A
Syndrome characterized by n/v/d and abdominal pain
6
Q
What is dysentery?
A
Inflammatory disorder of the GI tract that is often associated with diarrhea, abdo pain, and pus
7
Q
What is enterocolitis?
A
Inflammation of the mucosa of the small and large intestines
8
Q
Is EPEC an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?
A
Non-inflammatory
9
Q
Is ETEC an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?
A
Non-inflammatory
10
Q
Is EHEC an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?
A
inflammatory
11
Q
Is EIEC an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?
A
inflammatory
12
Q
Is salmonella an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?
A
inflammatory
13
Q
Is Campylobacter jejuni an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?
A
inflammatory
14
Q
Is c.diff an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?
A
inflammatory
15
Q
Is shigella an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?
A
inflammatory
16
Q
Is vibrio cholerae an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?
A
Non-inflammatory
17
Q
Is Listeria an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?
A
Non-inflammatory
18
Q
Is vibrio parahaemolyticus an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?
A
inflammatory
19
Q
Is Yersinia enterocolitica an inflammatory or non-inflammatory GI bacteria?
A
inflammatory
20
Q
What causes a bacteria to be a non-inflammatory one?
A
Non- Inflammatory = no toxins or cytotoxins,
rather they adhere to the intestine or epithelium and cause water efflux
21
Q
Which type of bacteria are more likely to elicit hematochezia: inflammatory or non-inflammatory?
A
Inflammatory
22
Q
Which type of bacteria are more likely to elicit fecal leukocytes: inflammatory or non-inflammatory?
A
Inflammatory
23
Q
What is the definition of diarrhea?
A
Three or more loose stools per day
24
Q
True or false: gut bacteria can have good and bad effects on the innate immunity of an individual
A
True
25
Is it beneficial or detrimental to the host that the bacteria digest compounds that human cannot?
Can be good and bad
26
What is the definition of colitis?
Inflammation of the large colon
27
What does it mean for a bacteria to be inflammatory?
Elicit damage to the intestine through either excretion of toxins or through immune mediated damage
28
Does EHEC cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?
Bloody
29
Does campylobacter jejuni cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?
Bloody
30
Does EPEC cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?
Watery
31
Does ETEC cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?
Watery
32
Does clostridium perfingens cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?
watery
33
Does shigella cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?
Bloody
34
Does Yersina enterocolitica cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?
Bloody
35
Does EIEC cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?
Bloody
36
Does Bacillus cereus cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?
Watery
37
Does Vibrio cholerae cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?
Watery
38
Does C.diff cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?
Bloody
39
Does Vibrio parahaemoyticus cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?
Bloody
40
Does listeria cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?
Watery
41
Does salmonella cause hematochezia, or watery diarrhea?
watery
42
How long does it take for symptoms to appear, if the bacteria causing the GI symptoms is from a preformed toxin? Which bacteria do this?
1-8 hours
Staph aureus
Bacillus cereus
Clostridium botulinum
(CBS)
43
How long does it take for symptoms to appear, if the bacteria causing the GI symptoms is from production of toxin after the bacteria is ingested? Which bacteria do this?
8-16 hours
Bacillus cereus
Clostridium perfinges
Clostridum botulinum
(BC, CB, CP)
44
How long does it take for symptoms to appear, if the bacteria causing the GI symptoms is from adherence of the bacteria to the cell epithelium, and production of virulence factors? Which bacteria do this?
16 + hours
```
Campylobacter
Shigella
Listeria
EHEC
EPEC
ETEC
Vibrio
EIEC
Salmonella
```
(C-SLEEVES)
45
What are the two types of food poisoning?
1. Toxins produced by bacteria in food before the food is consumed
2. Ingestion of spores, (NO adherence) then germination and symptoms
46
What are the symptoms of food poisoning? What is not?
Diarrhea, emesis
NOT fever
47
What are the four main bacterial causes of transient food poisoning?
Staph aureus
Clostridium botulinum
Clostridium perfringens
Bacillus cereus
48
Can staph aureus form spores?
no
49
What is the gram stain and morphology of staph aureus?
Gram positive cocci in clusters
50
What is the MOA of staph aureus food poisoning?
Ingestion of preformed toxin
51
When do symptoms of food poisoning for staph aureus appear (how ling after ingestion)?
1-8 hours
52
Is the staph aureus toxin heat stable or liable?
Heat stable
53
What is the treatment for food poisoning caused by staph aureus?
Supportive
54
What is the gram stain and morphology of clostridium botulinum?Is it able to form spores?
Gram positive rod
| Can form spores
55
What are the two major groups of bacteria that can form spores?
Bacillus and clostridium
56
Is botulinum toxin preformed?
Yes,
57
Why should you never give an infant under 1 year of age honey?
possibility of botulinum poisoning
58
What are the early symptoms of botulina? What is this caused by?
n/v/d abdo pain
Preformed toxin
59
What is the MOA of botulina toxin?
Prevents SNARE proteins from releasing ACh into the synaptic cleft, causing a flacid paralysis
60
Which type of bacteria is associated with canned foods?
Botulinum
61
What are the lasting complications from botulinum poisoning?
Linger weakness, dyspnea
62
What is the treatment for ingestion of clostridium botulinum?
Supportive + IV anti-toxin
63
What is the cause of floppy baby syndrome?
Infection with C. Botulinum spores, as can often be seen with infants consuming honey
64
True or false: infant infection with botulinum toxin is usually milder and has a lower mortality rate than adult botulism
True
65
What is the cause of botulinum poisoning in babies (why is it different than adults)?
The tight junctions in the intestinal epithelium are not fully formed
66
What is the gram stain and morphology of clostridium perfringens? Can it form spores?
Gram-positive rod
| Spore forming
67
What causes the symptoms of food poisoning by clostridium perfringens?
C. perfringens enterotoxin (NOT endotoxin)
68
What is the reservoir for C. perfringens?
Meat and gravy products
69
What are the symptoms of poisoning with C. perfringens? When do they start?
Diarrhea, and abdominal pain 8-16 hours post ingestion
70
What is the treatment for poisoning with clostridium perfringens?
Supportive
71
What are the gram stain and morphology of bacillus cereus? Can it form spores?
Gram positive rods
| Can form spores
72
What are the two forms of bacillus cereus poisoning?
1. Emetic form
| 2. Diarrheal form
73
What is the cause of the emetic form of poisoning by bacillus cereus? What is this associated with?
Preformed, heat stable toxin
Associated with improper storage of cooked rice
74
What is the MOA of the emetic toxin that bacillus cereus produces? Is it heat stable? Is it preformed?
MOA is unknown, but it is heat stable, and preformed
75
What is the cause of the diarrheal form of bacillus cereus poisoning?
Production of heat liable enterotoxin in the intestines (not outside the body)
76
When do symptoms begin for the diarrheal form of food poisoning by bacillus cereus? Emetic form?
```
Diarrheal = 8-16 hours
Emetic = 15 mins - 8 hours
```
77
The enterotoxins that are produced by the bacillus cereus can cause emesis or diarrhea. Which is heat stable, and which is heat liable?
```
Stable = emetic form
Liable = diarrheal form
```
78
What is the gram stain and morphology of Helicobacter pylori? Anaerobic or aerobic?
Gram negative, curved rod
| Microaerophilic
79
What is the disease caused by helicobacter pylori?
Stomach ulcers
| Chronic gastritis
80
What is the pathogenesis of Helicobater pylori? (What is the enzyme needed? What is the reaction catalyzed? What is the consequence of this?)
Production of urease, which causes urea to breakdown into CO2 and ammonia. This allows for cytotoxins to kill underlying cells, and expose CT to acid
81
How can you diagnose H. Pylori infection?
Urea breath test
82
What is the treatment for H. Pylori?
Abx & PPIs
83
What is the morphology and gram stain of listeria? Aerobic or anaerobic?
Gram positive rod, anaerobic
84
What are the three key survival traits of listeria?
1. Temperature resistance
2. High salt resistance
3. Wide pH range
85
What type of food is associated with listeria poisoning? Why?
Ready to eat meats b/c they can survive the high salt [C]
86
Can listeria be transmitted from human to human?
Yes, particularly during pregnancy
87
What are the symptoms of listeria poisoning?
Usually asymptomatic in healthy people
Immunocompromised can have bacteremia and meningitis
88
If you see a pregnant woman with a fever without any obvious focus, what should you include in your differential?
Listeria poisoning
89
What are the neonatal symptoms of listeria poisoning?
Granulomatosis infantiseptica--pyogenic granulomas distributed over the entire body
90
What is the cause of Granulomatosis infantiseptica?
Listeria poisoning in prego mother passing to fetus
91
How does listeria cause disease?
Adheres to the intestinal epithelium, induces uptake, and produes listeriolysin
92
What is the function of the internalin-A (intA) protein that listeria produces?
Causes adherence of the bacteria to the epithelial cell wall
93
What is the function of listeriolysin that listeria produces?
Disrupts the vacuole inside a cell to allow the bacteria to escape into the cytosol
94
What is the protein listeria produces that allows it to move via actin polymerization?
ActA
95
How do you diagnose listeriosis?
Culture CSF via cold enrichment
96
What type of hemolysis does listeria have?
beta
97
Is listeria motile?
Yes
98
What is the treatment for listeriosis?
Beta-lactam or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
99
What is the only prevention technique for listeriosis?
Properly cook food
100
Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: Staph aureus?
Preformed
101
Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: clostridium botulinum?
Preformed and producing
102
Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: bacillus cereus (emetic form)?
Preformed
103
Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: Bacillus cereus (diarrheal)?
Producing
104
Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: Clostridium perfringens?
Producing
105
Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: shigella?
Adherence
106
Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: Salmonella?
Adherence
107
Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: listeria monocytogenes?
Adherence
108
Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: EHEC?
Adherence
109
Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: EPEC?
Adherence
110
Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: ETEC?
Adherence
111
Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: EIEC?
Adherence
112
Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: campylobacter?
Adherence
113
Preformed toxin, toxin producing, or adherence for: Vibrio spp?
Adherence
