Parasites GI I

Question 1

What is the most common parasitic infection in the US?

Answer 1

Giardia

Question 2

What are the four classes of parasites?

Answer 2

Ameba-pseudopodia
Flagellates
Sporozoans
Ciliates

Question 3

How do sporozoans move about?

Answer 3

Through tank tread-like stuff

Question 4

How do most protozoa produce?

Answer 4

Asexually by binary fission

Question 5

What is the process though with protozoa reproduce asexually? Sexually?

Answer 5

Schizogony = asexually
Sporogoy  = sexually

Question 6

What allows protozoa to have a low infectious dose?

Answer 6

The ability to reproduce asexually

Question 7

How are all of the GI protozoa infections transmitted?

Answer 7

Fecal-oral route

Question 8

What allows many protozoato pass through the stomach?

Answer 8

Cysts

Question 9

What is organism that causes amebiasis?

Answer 9

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 10

How does the cyst form of entamoeba look?

Answer 10

Has four nuclei

Question 11

Are people who poop out the trophozoite form of protazoans infectious? Why or why not?

Answer 11

No, because the trophozoites are susceptible to the environment

Question 12

What are the two diseases caused by entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 12

Disseminated disease

Intestinal disease

Question 13

Which protozoan can exit the intestines via the flask-like projections, and enter the systemic circulation? What is the sequalea of this?

Answer 13

Entamoeba histolytica

Liver abscesses

Question 14

What is the infectious form of entaamoeba histolytica?

Answer 14

Spore form

Question 15

Who’s at greater risk of shedding infectious forms of entaamoebae histolytica: symptomatic or asymptomatic individuals?

Answer 15

Asymptomatic individuals due to cyst shedding

Question 16

What is the symptom that is almost always present in pts with amebisais?

Answer 16

Hematochezia

Question 17

Does amebiasis usually have a fever associated with it?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

Which protozoan causes a characteristic flask shaped lesion?

Answer 18

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 19

Why does sepsis usually result with amenbiasis?

Answer 19

the protozoa penetrate the intestinal wall, leading to infiltration of bacteria into the blood

Question 20

How do you diagnose amebiasis?

Answer 20

Stool examination or antigen detection

or biopsy if no longer intestinal

Question 21

What are the symptoms of amebiasis if it spreads to a systemic infection?

Answer 21

Abdominal TTP

Question 22

An amebiasis patient who produces formed stools has which type of entamoeba histolytica in their system: the spore form or the trophozoite form?

Answer 22

Cyst form

Question 23

An amebiasis patient who produces watery diarrhea has which type of entamoeba histolytica in their system: the spore form or the trophozoite form?

Answer 23

Trophozoite form

Question 24

Does giardia have a cyst form and a trophozoite form, or just a trophozoite form?

Answer 24

Both cyst and trophozoite form

Question 25

How many nuclei does Giardia have?

Answer 25

Two (like its starting back at you)

Question 26

What is the route of transmission for Giardia?

Answer 26

Fecal-oral route

Question 27

Does Giardia invade the intestinal wall, or just adhere?

Answer 27

Just adheres

Question 28

Why does Giardia occur in children?

Answer 28

Because they are disgusting

Question 29

What is giardia usually associated with?

Answer 29

Bodies of water

Question 30

What is the MOA of how Giardia produces diarrhea?

Answer 30

Sticks to epithelial wall and prevents water reuptake

Question 31

Does Giardia cause dysentery?

Answer 31

No

Question 32

What are the symptoms of Giardiasis? (6)

Answer 32

``` Diarrhea Malaise Flatulence Foul smelling stool N/v ```

Question 33

Is there fever with Giardiasis?

Answer 33

No

Question 34

How long does Giardiasis usually last?

Answer 34

Weeks

Question 35

What is the consequence of chronic giardiasis?

Answer 35

Malnutrition

Question 36

What is the only ciliated organism that infects humans? What is the disease that it causes?

Answer 36

Balantidium coli Balantidiasis

Question 37

What does Balantidium coli look like?

Answer 37

Pacman

Question 38

What is the route of infection for balantidium coli? Does it produce cysts?

Answer 38

Fecal-oral route with cyst formation

Question 39

How common is balantidiasis?

Answer 39

Super rare

Question 40

What is the reservoir for balantidiasis?

Answer 40

Pigs

Question 41

What are the acute symptoms of balantidiasis?

Answer 41

Bloody diarrhea or constipation

Question 42

What is the disease that cryptosporidium parvum causes?

Answer 42

Cryptosporidiosis

Question 43

How does Cryptosporidium parvun move about?

Answer 43

Trophozoite

Question 44

What is the difference in the cryptosporidium parvum's life cycle compared to other protozoan infections?

Answer 44

Reproduces sexually in intestines, and produces oocysts

Question 45

What is the form that cryptosporidium parvum takes in the environment?

Answer 45

Oocyst

Question 46

Which unique stain can stain cryptosporidium parvum?

Answer 46

Acid fast

Question 47

What is the reservoir of cryptosporidium?

Answer 47

Cattle

Question 48

What is histologically significant about cyclospora? How can you distinguish it between cryptosporidium parvum?

Answer 48

Fluoresces under UV light

Question 49

Which parasitic infection is associated with HIV/AIDS so much that prophylaxis is indicated form them?

Answer 49

Cryptosporidosis

Question 50

What are the symptoms of cryptosporidosis? Will there be blood?

Answer 50

Profuse diarrhea | NO blood

Question 51

What is isopora belli associated with?

Answer 51

Water bodies

Question 52

What is significant about the isopora belli life cycle?

Answer 52

Reproduces sexually in the intestines

Question 53

What are the symptoms of isopora belli infx?

Answer 53

Fever, diarrhea, weight loss, electrolyte imbalance

Question 54

What are cyclospora associated with?

Answer 54

Raspberries from Guatemala

Question 55

How do you diagnose cyclospora?

Answer 55

Fluoresce them under UV light

Question 56

What are the protozoa that we don't know much about, but are found with increasing frequency among HIV/AIDS patients?

Answer 56

Microsporidiosis

Question 57

What are the symptoms of infection with microsporidia?

Answer 57

Chronic diarrhea, weight loss