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Microbio > Parasites GI I > Flashcards

Parasites GI I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common parasitic infection in the US?

A

Giardia

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2
Q

What are the four classes of parasites?

A

Ameba-pseudopodia
Flagellates
Sporozoans
Ciliates

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3
Q

How do sporozoans move about?

A

Through tank tread-like stuff

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4
Q

How do most protozoa produce?

A

Asexually by binary fission

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5
Q

What is the process though with protozoa reproduce asexually? Sexually?

A 
Schizogony = asexually
Sporogoy  = sexually
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6
Q

What allows protozoa to have a low infectious dose?

A

The ability to reproduce asexually

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7
Q

How are all of the GI protozoa infections transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral route

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8
Q

What allows many protozoato pass through the stomach?

A

Cysts

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9
Q

What is organism that causes amebiasis?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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10
Q

How does the cyst form of entamoeba look?

A

Has four nuclei

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11
Q

Are people who poop out the trophozoite form of protazoans infectious? Why or why not?

A

No, because the trophozoites are susceptible to the environment

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12
Q

What are the two diseases caused by entamoeba histolytica?

A

Disseminated disease

Intestinal disease

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13
Q

Which protozoan can exit the intestines via the flask-like projections, and enter the systemic circulation? What is the sequalea of this?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

Liver abscesses

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14
Q

What is the infectious form of entaamoeba histolytica?

A

Spore form

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15
Q

Who’s at greater risk of shedding infectious forms of entaamoebae histolytica: symptomatic or asymptomatic individuals?

A

Asymptomatic individuals due to cyst shedding

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16
Q

What is the symptom that is almost always present in pts with amebisais?

A

Hematochezia

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17
Q

Does amebiasis usually have a fever associated with it?

A

no

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18
Q

Which protozoan causes a characteristic flask shaped lesion?

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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19
Q

Why does sepsis usually result with amenbiasis?

A

the protozoa penetrate the intestinal wall, leading to infiltration of bacteria into the blood

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20
Q

How do you diagnose amebiasis?

A

Stool examination or antigen detection

or biopsy if no longer intestinal

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of amebiasis if it spreads to a systemic infection?

A

Abdominal TTP

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22
Q

An amebiasis patient who produces formed stools has which type of entamoeba histolytica in their system: the spore form or the trophozoite form?

A

Cyst form

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23
Q

An amebiasis patient who produces watery diarrhea has which type of entamoeba histolytica in their system: the spore form or the trophozoite form?

A

Trophozoite form

24
Q

Does giardia have a cyst form and a trophozoite form, or just a trophozoite form?

A

Both cyst and trophozoite form

25
Q

How many nuclei does Giardia have?

A

Two (like its starting back at you)

26
Q

What is the route of transmission for Giardia?

A

Fecal-oral route

27
Q

Does Giardia invade the intestinal wall, or just adhere?

A

Just adheres

28
Q

Why does Giardia occur in children?

A

Because they are disgusting

29
Q

What is giardia usually associated with?

A

Bodies of water

30
Q

What is the MOA of how Giardia produces diarrhea?

A

Sticks to epithelial wall and prevents water reuptake

31
Q

Does Giardia cause dysentery?

A

No

32
Q

What are the symptoms of Giardiasis? (6)

A 
Diarrhea
Malaise
Flatulence
Foul smelling stool
N/v
33
Q

Is there fever with Giardiasis?

A

No

34
Q

How long does Giardiasis usually last?

A

Weeks

35
Q

What is the consequence of chronic giardiasis?

A

Malnutrition

36
Q

What is the only ciliated organism that infects humans? What is the disease that it causes?

A

Balantidium coli

Balantidiasis

37
Q

What does Balantidium coli look like?

A

Pacman

38
Q

What is the route of infection for balantidium coli? Does it produce cysts?

A

Fecal-oral route with cyst formation

39
Q

How common is balantidiasis?

A

Super rare

40
Q

What is the reservoir for balantidiasis?

A

Pigs

41
Q

What are the acute symptoms of balantidiasis?

A

Bloody diarrhea or constipation

42
Q

What is the disease that cryptosporidium parvum causes?

A

Cryptosporidiosis

43
Q

How does Cryptosporidium parvun move about?

A

Trophozoite

44
Q

What is the difference in the cryptosporidium parvum’s life cycle compared to other protozoan infections?

A

Reproduces sexually in intestines, and produces oocysts

45
Q

What is the form that cryptosporidium parvum takes in the environment?

A

Oocyst

46
Q

Which unique stain can stain cryptosporidium parvum?

A

Acid fast

47
Q

What is the reservoir of cryptosporidium?

A

Cattle

48
Q

What is histologically significant about cyclospora? How can you distinguish it between cryptosporidium parvum?

A

Fluoresces under UV light

49
Q

Which parasitic infection is associated with HIV/AIDS so much that prophylaxis is indicated form them?

A

Cryptosporidosis

50
Q

What are the symptoms of cryptosporidosis? Will there be blood?

A

Profuse diarrhea

NO blood

51
Q

What is isopora belli associated with?

A

Water bodies

52
Q

What is significant about the isopora belli life cycle?

A

Reproduces sexually in the intestines

53
Q

What are the symptoms of isopora belli infx?

A

Fever, diarrhea, weight loss, electrolyte imbalance

54
Q

What are cyclospora associated with?

A

Raspberries from Guatemala

55
Q

How do you diagnose cyclospora?

A

Fluoresce them under UV light

56
Q

What are the protozoa that we don’t know much about, but are found with increasing frequency among HIV/AIDS patients?

A

Microsporidiosis

57
Q

What are the symptoms of infection with microsporidia?

A

Chronic diarrhea, weight loss

Microbio (50 decks)

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