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Microbio > GI III > Flashcards

GI III Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two vibrio species that cause GI disease?

A

Vibrio cholerae

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus

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2
Q

What is the gram stain, morphology, and aerobic/anaerobic properties of vibrio genus?

A

Gram negative, comma (curved) facultative anaerobes

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3
Q

Where are vibrio species found in the environment?

A

Free-living in water

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4
Q

What are the two diseases that vibrio cholerae causes?

A

Gastroenteritis

Bacteremia

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5
Q

What are the three diseases that vibrio cholerae causes?

A

Gastroenteristis
Bacteremia
Wound infx

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6
Q

What is the nutrient that vibrio species require for growth?

A

NaCl

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7
Q

True or false: vibrio grows at a very narrow range of pH

A

False-very broad pH range

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8
Q

How fast does cholerae onset?

A

Abruptly

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9
Q

How long does cholerae last?

A

7 days

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10
Q

What type of stool do pts with cholerae produce?

A

Rice water stool (mucus + electrolytes)

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11
Q

How does cholerae spread?

A

Water

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12
Q

True or false: there is long term immunity to cholerae

A

True, but there are many serotypes d/t O-antigen changes

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13
Q

What is the part of cholerae that is used to type it?

A

O antigen

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14
Q

What is the strain of cholerae that is currently causing a pandemic?

A

El Tor

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15
Q

What are the two major virulence factors of cholerae?

A

Toxin co-regulated pilus (TCP)

Cholera toxin

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16
Q

What type of toxin is the cholerae toxin?

A

AB toxin

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17
Q

What is the MOA for cholerae toxin?

A

Activates adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP

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18
Q

True or false: there is significant cell damage with cholerae infections

A

False

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19
Q

The cholerae toxin works very similarly to what other bacterial toxin?

A

ETEC LT toxin

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20
Q

Where did cholerae get its toxin?

A

Via the CTX(phi) prophage

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21
Q

How do you diagnose cholerae?

A

Culture with differential media

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22
Q

What is the treatment for cholerae?

A

Rehydration (IV if bad)

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23
Q

Is vibrio cholera an inflammatory bacteria?

A

No

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24
Q

Is vibrio parahaemolyticus an inflammatory bacteria?

A

Yes

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25
Q

What is the disease that vibrio parahaemolyticus causes?

A

Explosive diarrhea, n/v abdo pain

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26
Q

What is the virulence factor that vibrio parahaemolytocus produces? How does it produce diarrhea?

A

Kanagwa hemolysin–induces Cl secretion, thus watery diarrhea

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27
Q

What is vibrio parahaemolyticus associated with?

A

Raw shellfish

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28
Q

What is the treatment for vibrio parahaemolyticus?

A

Supportive

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29
Q

Is Yersinia enterocolitica an inflammatory or non-inflammatory bacteria?

A

Inflammatory

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30
Q

What is the gram stain and morphology of Yersinia enterocolitica?

A

Gram negative coccobacilli

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31
Q

Wher eis Yersinia enterocolitica usually found?

A

Nature and animals

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32
Q

What are the symptoms of an infection with Yersinia enterocolitica?

A

Fever, abdominal cramps, water/bloody diarrhea

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33
Q

How long do symptoms of Yersinia enterocolitca last?

A

1-2 weeks

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34
Q

How does Yersinia enterocoliticus cause disease?

A

Not well understood, but it appears to bind M cells and invade the terminal ileum, producing enterotoxins

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35
Q

What is the protein that Yersinia injects into M cells that allows it to enter the cell?

A

Yops

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36
Q

Is the enterotoxin that Yersinia produces heat stable?

A

Yes

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37
Q

How do you diagnose Yersinia enterocolitica infx?

A

Culture

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38
Q

What is the treatment for Yersinia enterocolitica infx?

A

Supportive

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39
Q

What are the gram staining and morhology of C.diff? Aerobic or anaerobic

A

Gram positive bacilli anaerobic

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40
Q

Is C.diff invasive? Does it form spores?

A

Non-invasive

DOES form spores

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41
Q

Which bacteria causes pseudomembrane colitis?

42
Q

What is the pathogenesis of C.diff?

A

Produces a pseudomembrane that inhibits water reabsorption–this may lead to necrosis

43
Q

What are the three diseases the C.diff can cause?

A

CDAD
Pseudomembrane colitis
Fulminant colitis

44
Q

Which disease that c.diff causes requires a surgical consult?

A

Fulminant colitis

45
Q

Is abdominal TTP present with C.diff inx?

46
Q

What are the symptoms of fulminant colitis aside from diarrhea? (4)

A

Lethargy, fever, tachycardia, dilated colon

47
Q

What are the symptoms of pseudomembrane colitis?

A

Same as CDAD, but more severe

48
Q

How does C.diff cause disease?

A

Produces an AB toxin that damages the mucosa

49
Q

Does infx with C.diff cause an inflammatory response?

50
Q

Which bacterial infection disrupts host cell cytoskeleton to cause diarrhea?

51
Q

How do you diagnose C.diff? Why isn’t a culture helpful?

A

Toxin in stool

NOTE culture is not helpful b/c it is normal flora

52
Q

What is the treatment for c/diff infection?

A

Oral vanco or metroidazole

53
Q

What is the prevention technique for C.diff?

A

Fecal transplant

54
Q

Is EHEC inflammatory or noninflammatory pathogen?

A

Inflammatory

55
Q

What are the gram staining, morphologic, and aerobic/anaerobic characteristics of EHEC?

A

Gram-negative bacilli, facultative anaerobe

56
Q

Is EHEC an invasive pathogen?

A

Generally no

57
Q

What are the reservoirs of EHEC?

A

Cattle or other ruminants

58
Q

What is EHEC associated with?

A

Beef or veggies washed from rivers/streams

59
Q

What is the disease caused by EHEC?

A

Hemorrhagic colitis (hematochezia)

60
Q

Is there fever in EHEC infx? Abdominal ttp?

A

NO fever, but there is marked abdominal TTP

61
Q

What is the sequelae of EHEC?

A

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (renal failure)

62
Q

What is the pathogenesis of EHEC?

A

Attaches to epithelium and produces a shiga-like toxin that blocks translation by cleaving part of the 60S subunit of the ribosome

63
Q

How does EHEC cause HUS?

A

The shiga toxin attaches to Gb3, which the kidney is rich in

64
Q

How do you diagnose EHEC? (3)

A

Presumtive (diarrhea WITHOUT fever)

Culture

PCR

65
Q

What is the treatment for EHEC?

A

Supportive

Abx Is harmful

66
Q

For which bacterial infx of the large intestine is the use of abx absolutely contraindicated?

A

EHEC and non-typhoidal Salmonella

67
Q

How do you prevent EHEC infx?

A

Properly cook hamburger

68
Q

A pt comes in complaining of diarrhea, abdominal pain after eating a hamburger earlier in the day. A fever is absent. What is your diagnosis?

69
Q

Why is the use of abx contraindicated for EHEC infx?

A

Damages bacteria, and activates phage/toxin production

70
Q

Is shigella an inflammatory or noninflammatory bacteria?

A

Inflammatory

71
Q

What is the gram stain of shigella? Morphology? Aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Gram negative rods, facultative anaerobe

72
Q

True or false: humans are the only reservoir for shigella

73
Q

Which bacteria discussed in lecture is acid resistant, and thus requires a low inoculation dose?

74
Q

What are the three intracellular pathogens discussed in lecture?

A

Shigella, listeria , and EIEC

75
Q

What are the three species of shigella? Which is found in developed, developing, and underdeveloped countries?

A

Developed - S. soneii
Developing - S. Flexneri
Underdeveloped - S. Dysentariae

76
Q

What is shigella associated with in developed nations? Why?

A

Day care centers because children are disgusting

77
Q

How long does shigella infx last?

78
Q

What are the symptoms of infx with S. sonneii?

A

Fever, malaise, and water diarrhea

79
Q

What are the symptoms of infx with S. flexerni and S. dysenteriae?

A

Fever, malaise, watery diarrhea, abdo pain, tenesmus, hematochezia

80
Q

What is the cell type that shigella infects?

A

M cells in peyer’s patches

81
Q

What happens once shigella infects M cells?

A

Eaten by macrophages, then bust out and do stuff

82
Q

Shigella is intracellular motile like which pathogen discussed earlier? What allows for this?

A

Listeria

Actin polymerization

83
Q

How does salmonella induce its own uptake into M cells?

A

T3 secretion systems

84
Q

How does the shiga toxin produce renal failure?

A

binds to host Gb3 receptor on kidneys

85
Q

What is the MOA of shigella toxin?

A

Inhibits translation

86
Q

How do you diagnose shigella?

A

Stool culture using selective media

Serological testing

87
Q

What is the treatment for shigella?

A

Rehydration

Abx if you want

88
Q

Does infection with shigella confer immunity?

89
Q

Is there a vaccine available for shigella?

90
Q

Is EIEC an inflammatory or noninflammatory bacteria?

A

Inflammatory

91
Q

EIEC has the same MOA of pathogenesis as what other bacteria? Why?

A

Shigella

Picked up the toxin from shigella

92
Q

What three bacterial infections do not cause fevers?

A

ETEC
V cholerae
EHEC

93
Q

What three bacterial infections always cause bloody diarrhea?

A

EHEC
Shigella
EIEC

94
Q

Which strain of E.coli has a shiga-like toxin?

95
Q

Which strain of E.coli has a similar pathogenesis to shigella, but does not have a shiga toxin?

96
Q

What are the toxins produced by ETEC?

A

LT and ST (cAMP and cGMP respectively)

97
Q

Pus/blood stools are associated with which bacterial infections?

A

Shigella

EIEC

98
Q

HUS is a problem with which bateria?

A

EHEC

Shigella

99
Q

What is the toxin that Listeria produces?

100
Q

Which bacterial infx can be transmitted from mother to fetus?

Microbio (50 decks)

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