Skinny viral II Flashcards
What are the symptoms of smallpox?
ILI
Enanthem and Exanthem (lesions)
What body parts are smallpox rashes seen on? What is distinct about the evolution, relative to other rashes like chickenpox?
Mouth (enanthem stage)
Palms and soles, body (exanthem stage)
There is a synchronous evolution of lesions
What is the causative agent of smallpox? Family? Genome?
Variola virus
Poxviridae family
dsDNA
What is the distribution of the small pox rash?
Centrifugal distribution
What type of rash is smallpox?
Firm vesicles to pustules
Where does variola virus replicate?
in cytoplasm
How is smallpox transmitted? (3)
Contact with lesion
Fomites
air in close spaces
How long are individuals considered infectious with smallpox?
Until all scabs have separated from lesions (a monthish)
What are the complications of smallpox? (2) Fatality rate?
death (30%)
Arthritis
Encephalitis
What does the smallpox vaccine contain?
Live strain of vaccinia virus
another poxvirus
What are the complications of the smallpox vaccine?
Eczema vaccinatum
death
What is the difference in distribution of smallpox vs chickenpox?
Smallpox = centrifugal (limbs > trunk)
Chickenpox = centripetal (trunk > limbs)
What is the evolution difference between smallpox and chickenpox?
Smallpox has synchronous lesions
Not for the chicken
What is the treatment for smallpox?
vaccination
What is rubeloa?
Another name for Measles
What is the rash seen in measles? How does it start/spread?
Maculopapular
Starts from head, down
What are the four prodrome symptoms of measles?
Cough
Coryza
Conjunctivitis
Koplik spots
What is the family of measles virus? Genome? Enveloped? How many types?
Paramyxovirus
-ssRNA
Enveloped
One type
What is the gene that measles virus has the allows for fusion?
F protein
How is measles transmitted?
Respiratory droplets
How contagious is measles? Why?
Very because can live in air for 2 hours
How do you clinically diagnose measles? (2)
Koplik spots + characteristic rash >3 days,
What are koplik spots?
White macule with a red border on the mucosa of the mouth next to the molars. Prodrome for measles.
What are the severe complications with measles? (3)
Encephalitis
Pneumonia
Szs
What is the treatment for measles?
IG within 6 days
What are the four pieces of evidence for measles resistance?
- Documented vaccination
- Lab evidence of immunity
- Documentation of past
diagnosis - Born before 1957
What two things need to be done for measles cases?
Lab verification
CDC report
What does the measles vaccine contain?
Live attenuated
Combined in MMR(V)
How is the measles vaccine prepared?
Chick embryo
Dosage for measles vaccination?
First at one year
Second at 4-6 years
What is the rash of German measles? How is this different from measles (3)?
Maculopapular rash on the face and spreading downward
No coalescence
Fainter color
Lower fever
What causes German Measles?
Rubella virus
What are the symptoms of German measles?
Rash
Arthralgias
ILI
What are the congenital complications of German measles?
Congenital deafness, cataracts, glaucoma,
What are the symptoms of congeital rubella syndrome (3)?
Purpura (blueberry muffin baby)
Hepatosplenomegaly/jaundice
Microcephaly
What is the family of the rubella virus? Genome? Enveloped?
Togaviridae
Enveloped
+ssRNA
How is german measles transmitted?
Nasal secretinos
How do you diagnose German measles?
Culture from tissue samples
Serology
What does the rubella vaccine contain? How is it made?
Live attenuated
Grown in tissue cultures
What is the goal of vaccinating against german measles?
Reduce congenital Rubella syndrome
What are the symptoms of fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)?
Fever
Rash beginning on the cheeks
What causes fifth’s disease (erythema infectiosum/slack cheek syndrome)?
B19 parvovirus
What is the family, genome, for B19 virus?
Paroviridae
ssDNA
What cells does the B19 virus grow in?
Mitotically active cells, usually in hematopoietic cells in bone marrow
Who is affected most by B19 virus? What does this cause?
Pts with chronic anemia, causes Aplastic crisis
What are the pregnancy complications of B19 infx?
Anemia
CHF
Hydrops fetalis
What are the symptoms of Roseola infantum? Who is usually infected?
High fever, THEN maculopapular rash in an infant
What causes Roseola infantum? family? genome? Enveloped?
HHV-6 or 7
herpesviridae
dsDNA
Enveloped?
Where/what cells does HHV-6 replicate? (3)
T cell, B cells, and oropharynx
Which cells does HHV-7 replicate in?
CD4 T cells
How is Roseola transmitted?
Saliva
Koplik spots = ?
Measles
What is the function of the HA protein that measles produces?
Attachment
What are the symptoms of fifth’s disease?
Rash over the cheeks that spreads downward
True or false: infection with the B19 virus (fifth’s disease) is self limiting
True
Lacelike distribution of rash = ?
B19 parvovirus (slap-cheek syndrome/fifth’s disease/erythema infectiosum)
Infant fever for 4-5 days, followed by a 1-2 maculopapular rash = ?
Roseola
