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Microbio > RA sterilization > Flashcards

RA sterilization Flashcards

1
Q

Recent studies in the US conclude that about (what %) of the hospital-acquired infections are preventable.

A

1/3

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2
Q

What is the most common hospital acquired infection?

A

UTI

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3
Q

What is primary bacteremia? Secondary?

A

Primary= When bacteria gain direct entry to bloodstream

Secondary = from infection to elsewhere

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4
Q

Most bacterial infection prior to the discovery of penicillin were due to what type of bacteria? Now?

A

Gram positive

Now gram negative

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5
Q

True or false: The same organism can be transmitted by more than one route

A

True

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6
Q

Define sterilization.

A

he total destruction or physical removal of ALL microorganisms

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7
Q

What is moist heat sterilization?

A

saturated steam under pressure, as in an autoclave

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8
Q

What is the most widely used, and most inexpensive form of sterilization?

A

Moist heat

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9
Q

What must be done to destroy prions?

A

Boiled in 1 M NaOH for 10 minutes

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10
Q

True or false: boiling is a sterilization method

A

False–It is method of disinfection.

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11
Q

What is the dry heat form of sterilization? What is it used for? What are its limitations?

A

Using an oven for equipment that could be damaged by moisture

May not kill pyrogens

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12
Q

When is the ethylene oxide gas sterilization technique used?

A

For equipment that is sensitive to heat and moisture

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13
Q

What is the MOA of ethylene oxide gas?

A

alkylating protein, DNA and RNA within cells

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14
Q

When is irradiation used? What type of rays are used? MOA?

A

in lab cabinets,

gamma rays

MOA = damage DNA

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15
Q

Define diinfection.

A

he process of removing or killing most, but not all, viable organisms

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16
Q

What characterizes a high level disinfectant?

A

kill almost everything except for a large number of spores

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17
Q

What characterizes an intermediate level disinfectant?

A

Most of all type of microorgansism, but no spores

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18
Q

What characterizes a low-level disinfectant?

A

Can kill most bacteria and fungi in a reasonable period of time. Only some viruses.

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19
Q

What level of disinfectant is glutaraldehye?

A

High

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20
Q

What level of disinfectant are oxidixzing agents (peracetic acid, H2O2, blech etc)?

A

High

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21
Q

What level of disinfectant is alcohol?

A

Intermediate

22
Q

What level of disinfectant is iodine containing compounds?

A

Intermediate

23
Q

What level of disinfectant are phenolic compounds?

A

Intermediate

24
Q

What level of disinfection is appropriate for disinfecting surgical instruments that cannot be sterilized?

A

High level

25
Q

What level of disinfection is appropriate for disinfecting semi-critical surgical instruments that cannot be sterilized?

A

Intermediate level

26
Q

What level of disinfection is appropriate for disinfecting stethoscopes, BP cuffs, and EKG electrodes?

A

Low level

27
Q

What level of disinfectant are quaternary ammonium compounds?

A

Low level

28
Q

True or false: Many organisms survive treatment using low level disinfectants

A

True

29
Q

When are low level disinfectants suitable to be used?

A

When the instruments come in contact with intact skin only

30
Q

What are antiseptics?

A

disinfectants used to lower the number of microorganisms on skin surfaces

31
Q

Do antiseptics kill bacterial spores?

A

No

32
Q

What type of disinfecting agent is EtOH?

A

Antiseptic

33
Q

What type of disinfecting agent are phenolic compounds?

A

Antiseptic

34
Q

What type of disinfecting agents are iodine containing compounds?

A

Antiseptic

35
Q

What type of disinfecting agent is chlorhexidine?

A

Antiseptic

36
Q

What type of disinfecting agents are quaternary ammonium compounds?

A

Antiseptic

37
Q

What type of disinfecting agent is triclosan?

A

Antiseptic

38
Q

Do any of the antiseptics kill spores?

A

No

39
Q

Which is more effective at killing bacteria, 70% EtOH solution, or a 95% solution?

A

70%

40
Q

Which are more effective, iodine containing compounds, or EtOH?

A

Iodine

41
Q

What is the MOA of phenolic compounds? (high and low [C])

A

Penetrate and disrupt the cell wall in high concentrations

Disrupt enzymes in low [C]

42
Q

What are the most effective skin antiseptics?

A

Iodine containing solutions

43
Q

What is a tincture of iodine?

A

2% solution of iodine and potassium iodide in ethanol

44
Q

What are iodophores?

A

Combinations of iodine and a stabilizing agent or carrier.

45
Q

Which compound has a residual antiseptic effect, EtOH or Iodine?

A

Iodine

46
Q

What is the MOA of chlorhexidine?

A

Membrane disruption

47
Q

What is the MOA of quaternary ammonium compounds?

A

Attack energy producing enzymes/denature proteins

48
Q

What is the MOA of triclosan?

A

Inhibits bacterial lipid synthesis

49
Q

What is pasteurization? Does it destroy spores?

A

the process of heating liquids (like milk, beer or fruit juices) to a specific temperature (55-75°C) for a specific period of time in order to destroy harmful organisms like viruses, bacteria, protozoa, molds, and yeast.

It does not destroy spores.

50
Q

True or false: pasteruization’s aim is to kill all microorganisms

A

False-Aims to achieve a “logarithmic reduction” in the number of viable organisms, reducing their number so they are unlikely to cause disease

Microbio (50 decks)

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