RA sterilization

Question 1

Recent studies in the US conclude that about (what %) of the hospital-acquired infections are preventable.

Answer 1

1/3

Question 2

What is the most common hospital acquired infection?

Answer 2

UTI

Question 3

What is primary bacteremia? Secondary?

Answer 3

Primary= When bacteria gain direct entry to bloodstream

Secondary = from infection to elsewhere

Question 4

Most bacterial infection prior to the discovery of penicillin were due to what type of bacteria? Now?

Answer 4

Gram positive

Now gram negative

Question 5

True or false: The same organism can be transmitted by more than one route

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Define sterilization.

Answer 6

he total destruction or physical removal of ALL microorganisms

Question 7

What is moist heat sterilization?

Answer 7

saturated steam under pressure, as in an autoclave

Question 8

What is the most widely used, and most inexpensive form of sterilization?

Answer 8

Moist heat

Question 9

What must be done to destroy prions?

Answer 9

Boiled in 1 M NaOH for 10 minutes

Question 10

True or false: boiling is a sterilization method

Answer 10

False–It is method of disinfection.

Question 11

What is the dry heat form of sterilization? What is it used for? What are its limitations?

Answer 11

Using an oven for equipment that could be damaged by moisture

May not kill pyrogens

Question 12

When is the ethylene oxide gas sterilization technique used?

Answer 12

For equipment that is sensitive to heat and moisture

Question 13

What is the MOA of ethylene oxide gas?

Answer 13

alkylating protein, DNA and RNA within cells

Question 14

When is irradiation used? What type of rays are used? MOA?

Answer 14

in lab cabinets,

gamma rays

MOA = damage DNA

Question 15

Define diinfection.

Answer 15

he process of removing or killing most, but not all, viable organisms

Question 16

What characterizes a high level disinfectant?

Answer 16

kill almost everything except for a large number of spores

Question 17

What characterizes an intermediate level disinfectant?

Answer 17

Most of all type of microorgansism, but no spores

Question 18

What characterizes a low-level disinfectant?

Answer 18

Can kill most bacteria and fungi in a reasonable period of time. Only some viruses.

Question 19

What level of disinfectant is glutaraldehye?

Answer 19

High

Question 20

What level of disinfectant are oxidixzing agents (peracetic acid, H2O2, blech etc)?

Answer 20

High

Question 21

What level of disinfectant is alcohol?

Answer 21

Intermediate

Question 22

What level of disinfectant is iodine containing compounds?

Answer 22

Intermediate

Question 23

What level of disinfectant are phenolic compounds?

Answer 23

Intermediate

Question 24

What level of disinfection is appropriate for disinfecting surgical instruments that cannot be sterilized?

Answer 24

High level

Question 25

What level of disinfection is appropriate for disinfecting semi-critical surgical instruments that cannot be sterilized?

Answer 25

Intermediate level

Question 26

What level of disinfection is appropriate for disinfecting stethoscopes, BP cuffs, and EKG electrodes?

Answer 26

Low level

Question 27

What level of disinfectant are quaternary ammonium compounds?

Answer 27

Low level

Question 28

True or false: Many organisms survive treatment using low level disinfectants

Answer 28

True

Question 29

When are low level disinfectants suitable to be used?

Answer 29

When the instruments come in contact with intact skin only

Question 30

What are antiseptics?

Answer 30

disinfectants used to lower the number of microorganisms on skin surfaces

Question 31

Do antiseptics kill bacterial spores?

Answer 31

No

Question 32

What type of disinfecting agent is EtOH?

Answer 32

Antiseptic

Question 33

What type of disinfecting agent are phenolic compounds?

Answer 33

Antiseptic

Question 34

What type of disinfecting agents are iodine containing compounds?

Answer 34

Antiseptic

Question 35

What type of disinfecting agent is chlorhexidine?

Answer 35

Antiseptic

Question 36

What type of disinfecting agents are quaternary ammonium compounds?

Answer 36

Antiseptic

Question 37

What type of disinfecting agent is triclosan?

Answer 37

Antiseptic

Question 38

Do any of the antiseptics kill spores?

Answer 38

No

Question 39

Which is more effective at killing bacteria, 70% EtOH solution, or a 95% solution?

Answer 39

70%

Question 40

Which are more effective, iodine containing compounds, or EtOH?

Answer 40

Iodine

Question 41

What is the MOA of phenolic compounds? (high and low [C])

Answer 41

Penetrate and disrupt the cell wall in high concentrations Disrupt enzymes in low [C]

Question 42

What are the most effective skin antiseptics?

Answer 42

Iodine containing solutions

Question 43

What is a tincture of iodine?

Answer 43

2% solution of iodine and potassium iodide in ethanol

Question 44

What are iodophores?

Answer 44

Combinations of iodine and a stabilizing agent or carrier.

Question 45

Which compound has a residual antiseptic effect, EtOH or Iodine?

Answer 45

Iodine

Question 46

What is the MOA of chlorhexidine?

Answer 46

Membrane disruption

Question 47

What is the MOA of quaternary ammonium compounds?

Answer 47

Attack energy producing enzymes/denature proteins

Question 48

What is the MOA of triclosan?

Answer 48

Inhibits bacterial lipid synthesis

Question 49

What is pasteurization? Does it destroy spores?

Answer 49

the process of heating liquids (like milk, beer or fruit juices) to a specific temperature (55-75°C) for a specific period of time in order to destroy harmful organisms like viruses, bacteria, protozoa, molds, and yeast. It does not destroy spores.

Question 50

True or false: pasteruization's aim is to kill all microorganisms

Answer 50

False-Aims to achieve a "logarithmic reduction" in the number of viable organisms, reducing their number so they are unlikely to cause disease