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Veterinary anatomy in latin > Veterinary respiratory system II > Flashcards

Veterinary respiratory system II Flashcards

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Latin flashcards
1
Q

Cavity of the larynx

A

cavum laryngis

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2
Q

translate vestibule of the larynx and describe location

A

vestibulum laryngis is between the entrance and the vocal folds

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3
Q

Difference between cavum laryngis and vestibulum laryngis?

A

The cavity of the larynx extends from the laryngeal entrance to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage.

The laryngeal vestibule is the part of the laryngeal cavity lying between the laryngeal inlet and vocal folds.

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4
Q

translate laryngeal inlet and describe boundaries

A

aditus laryngis is bound by the epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, and corniculate tubercles

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5
Q

What can be found caudal to the epiglottis in su and eq?

A

median laryngeal recess (recessus laryngis medianus)

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6
Q

What symmetrical structures extend between the thyroid and arytenoid cartilages in car and eq?

A

paired vestibular folds
sg. plica vestibularis

(not in su)

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7
Q

purpose of the vestibular folds?

A

protect vocal folds from damage through strain and swallowing

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8
Q

What can be found between vestibular and vocal folds and in which species are they absent?

A

sg. ventriculus laryngis
laryngeal ventricles

found in eq and canines; in su two parts of the vocal fold
absent in Ru, fe

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9
Q

translate vocal apparatus and what structures does it consist of?

A

vocal apparatus = glottis

and consists of vocal folds, arytenoid cartilages and cleft of the glottis

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10
Q

translate cleft of the glottis

A

rima glottidis

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11
Q

translate (paired) vocal fold

A

plica vocalis

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12
Q

Where do the plica vocalis run?

A

from thyroid cartilages parallel to the vestibular fold caudodorsally to the arytenoid cartilages, covers the vocal ligaments

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13
Q

What is unique to the pig vocal folds?

A

splits into two portions (vertically)

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14
Q

What do the vocal folds/plica vocalis contain?

A

each fold contains a vocal ligament, vocal muscle and fat tissue

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15
Q

vocal ligament

A

ligamentum vocale

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16
Q

vocal muscle

A

musculus vocalis

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17
Q

How’re the contents of the vocal folds positioned?

A

the ligament positioned medially and the vocal muscle laterally

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18
Q

infraglottic cavity

A

cavum infraglotticum

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19
Q

Where is the infraglottic cavity?

A

its caudal to the glottis and leads smoothly to the trachea

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20
Q

What does the laryngeal mucous membrane contain?

A

mucous glands and lymphoid aggregations

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21
Q

translate laryngeal prominence and which cartilage does it belong to?

A

prominentia laryngea of the thyroid cartilage

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22
Q

What type of cartilage make up the tracheal rings?

A

hyaline

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23
Q

What structures is the trachea attached to at its ends?

A

The cricoid cartilage rostrally and the primary pulmonary bronchi caudally.

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24
Q

Where is the location of the tracheal bifurcation?

A

at the level of the 4th- 6th intercostal space

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25
Q

Name the two regionally descriptive parts of the trachea.

A

pars cervicalis et thoracica

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26
Q

How does the thoracic part of the trachea deviate from its median position?

A

pars thoracica is deflected slightly to the right where it crosses the aortic arch

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27
Q

tracheal cartilages

A

cartilagines tracheales

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28
Q

tracheal cartilages are connected to each other by?

A

annular ligaments / ligg. anularia

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29
Q

dorsal free ends of the tracheal cartilages are bridged by?

A

the membranous wall
lymphoid tissue
the smooth trachealis muscle

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30
Q

Where does the tracheal muscle attach?

A

dorsally to the tracheal rings and attaches internally or externally (e.g. in Ca)

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31
Q

the membranous wall

A

paries membranaceus

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32
Q

trachealis muscle

A

m. trachealis

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33
Q

What is the wall of the trachea composed of (not the cart. type)?

A 
inner ciliated respiratory mucosa
submucosa with glands,
a fibrocartilaginous middle layer
an adventitial (in the neck) or 
serosal (in the thorax) outer layer
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34
Q

Shape of equine tracheal rings?

A

transversely flattened oval tracheal rings

overlap dorsally from right to left in cervical region
incomplete dorsally in thoracic region

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35
Q

Shape of ruminant tracheal rings?

A

ends of the vertically oval tracheal rings form a dorsal ridge in the thoracic region.

In the cervical, they are incomplete dorsally

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36
Q

Shape of goat tracheal rings?

A

U-shaped

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37
Q

Shape of sheep tracheal rings?

A

round

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38
Q

Shape of porcine tracheal rings?

A

are round and overlap dorsally both in the thorax and neck

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39
Q

Shape of canine tracheal rings?

A

are slender and C-shaped. The ends of the rings do not meet dorsally so that the trachea has a membranous dorsal wall.

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40
Q

Shape of feline tracheal rings?

A

elliptical shape; the free ends at same level

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41
Q

tracheal bifurcation

A

bifurcatio tracheae

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42
Q

What are bronchi?

A

bronchi are branches of the trachea and their subdivisions

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43
Q

translate bronchial tree

A

arbor bronchalis

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44
Q

What are the cartilaginous rings replaced by on the smaller bronchi?

A

irregular plaques

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45
Q

What are the extrapulmonar primary bronchi called in latin?

A

bronchus principalis: dexter et sinister

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46
Q

tracheal bronchus

A

bronchus trachealis

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47
Q

In what species is the tracheal bronchus found?

A

in Ru and su

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48
Q

Where does the tracheal bronchus arise and what does it connect to?

A

arises proximal to the tracheal bifurcation and aerates the cranial lobe of the right lung

49
Q

translate lobar bronchi and what’s another english word for them

A

bronchi lobares and also called secondary bronchi

50
Q

translate segmental bronchi and what’s another english word for then

A

bronchi segmentales and also called tertiary bronchi

51
Q

bronchioles sg. and pl. in latin?

A

sg. bronchiolus

pl. bronchuli

52
Q

respiratory bronchioles

A

bronchuli respiratorii

53
Q

Name the conducting parts of lower respiratory system in order from largest diameter to smallest in english.

A 
trachea 
tracheal bronchus (in ru and su)
primary bronchi, left and right
lobar bronchi
segmental bronchi 
smaller bronchi
bronchioles 
terminal bronchioles
respiratory bronchioles
54
Q

tubular alveolar ducts

A

ductuli alveolares

55
Q

the tubular alveolar ducts terminate how?

A

into clusters of many alveoli called alveolar sacs

sacculi alveolares

56
Q

alveolar sacs

A

sacculi alveolares

57
Q

the basic units for gas exchange are the?

A

pulmonary alveoli, the smallest respiratory chambers

58
Q

pulmonary alveoli

A

alveoli pulmonis

59
Q

surfactant is released from where?

A

from alveolar cells

60
Q

Define atelectasis

A

the collapse of part or all of a lung

61
Q

What is the functional unit of the gas exchange area called?

A

pulmonary acinus

62
Q

What does a pulmonary acinus consist of?

A

the acinus includes branching respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

63
Q

the place in which the heart is situated is called?

A

the middle mediastinum (mediastinum medium)

64
Q

the parts cranially and caudally to the middle mediastinum are termed?

A

mediastinum: craniale et caudale

65
Q

latin and greek for lung

A

pulmo; pneumon

66
Q

right and left lungs

A

pulmo: dexter et sinister

67
Q

What covers the lungs?

A

pulmonal pleura (pleura pulmonalis)

68
Q

What lines the thoracic cavity?

A 
parietal pleura (pleura parietalis)
and
endothoracic fascia
69
Q

What envelopes the lungs and forms vacuum chambers around them?

A

pleural sacs

70
Q

apexes of the lungs situated where?

A

cupula pleurae

71
Q

Name the 4 expiratory muscles in latin.

A

mm. intercostales interni
m. retractor costae
m. transversus thoracis
m. serratus dorsalis caudalis

72
Q

Name the 5 inspiratory muscles in latin.

A

diaphragma

mm. intercostales externi
mm. levatores costarum
m. rectus thoracis
m. serratus dorsalis cranialis

73
Q

Name the surfaces of the lungs.

A

facies costalis
facies medialis
facies diaphragmatica

74
Q

Which surface of the lungs is adjacent to the costal pleura

A

the costal surface (facies costalis)

75
Q

Which surface of the lungs is towards the mediastinum

A

medial surface (facies medialis)

76
Q

Which surface of the lungs is adjacent to the diaphragm

A

diaphragmatic surface (facies diaphragmatica)

77
Q

thick, rounded dorsal border

A

margo dorsalis seu obtusus

seu = latin for or

78
Q

ventral, thin border

A

margo acutus

79
Q

How many left lung lobes are there?

A

2 (and 1 of these has 2 parts)

80
Q

How many right lung lobes are there?

A

4

in bovine one of these has 2 parts

81
Q

which part of the lung extends cranially ?

A

the apex of the lung (apex pulmonis)

82
Q

which part of the lung is in contact with the diaphragm?

A

and base of the lung (basis pulmonis)

83
Q

What structure is the aggregation of the pulmonary and bronchial vessels and nerves passing from mediastinum to the lung?

A

root of the lung (radix pulmonis)

84
Q

what is the area of lung by which the root is passing to the lung?

A

hilus pulmonis/ the hilus of the lung

85
Q

The percentage of the lung that is parenchyma?

A

ca 85%

86
Q

pulmonary or primary lobules

A

lobuli pulmonis

87
Q

what are acini separated by?

A

connective tissue septa

88
Q

Which species have highly lobulated lungs with complete septa?

A

bo, ov and su

89
Q

Which species have incomplete septa and are poorly lobulated?

A

eq

90
Q

Which species do not have interlobular septa?

A

car

91
Q

What is the layer of loose connective tissue deep to the intercostal spaces and ribs, separating these structures from the underlying pleura?

A

endothoracic fascia

92
Q

pulmonary ligament

A

lig. pulmonale

93
Q

What is lig. pulmonale formed by?

A

the mediastinal and pulmonal pleura caudal to the root of the lung

94
Q

What lobes is the right lung divided into?

A

lobus: cranialis, medius, accessorius et caudalis

95
Q

Which lobe can not be seen in lat view?

A

the accessory lobe (lobus accossorius)

96
Q

Bovine right lung lobes/parts?

A 
pulmo dexter:
lobus-cranialis with pars cranialis et caudalis
-medius
-caudalis
-accessorius
97
Q

Equine right lung lobes/parts?

A

pulmo dexter:
lobus cranialis,
-caudalis
-accessorius

(no medius!)

98
Q

Equine left lung lobes/parts?

A

pulmo sinister:
lobus cranialis
-caudalis

99
Q

What is unique to equine lungs?

A

are not divided by deep fissures into lobes and the right lung has no middle lobe

100
Q

What is unique to carnivore lungs?

A

the fissures are much deeper than in those of other species and extend to the lung root and the lungs are distinctly asymmetrical

101
Q

How might one distinguish canine lungs from feline?

A

in ca the lobes are more round than in fe

102
Q

interlobar fissures: cranial and caudal

A

fissura interlobaris: cranialis et caudalis

103
Q

left cardiac notch

A

incisura cardiaca pulmonis sinistri

104
Q

The bovine has how many lung lobes in total?

A

left side has 2 lobes, 1 of which has 2 parts (= 3)

right side has 3 lobes, one of which is divided + accessory lobe

= 6 lobes in total but 8 if you count the divided ones separately

105
Q

the right cardiac notch

A

incisura cardiaca pulmonis dextri

106
Q

The equine has how many lung lobes in total?

A

left side has 2 lobes

right side has 2 lobes + accessory lobe

= 5 lobes in total

(equine lobes are not divided into parts)

107
Q

What impression might you find dorsal to the cardiac impression?

A

the aortic impression

108
Q

Name 4 impressions that can be found on the lungs.

A

cardiac impression can be found on both lungs
aortic impression dorsal to cardiac impressions
esophageal impression
caudal vena cava impression only on the right lung

109
Q

Hemiplegia of what nerve in what species can cause “roaring”?

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve in horses

110
Q

In which species can lateral laryngeal ventricles be found?

A

In the horse and the dog, ventriculus laryngis lateralis

In animals with a vestibular fold a vestibular ligament is present rostral to the vocal ligament

111
Q

In which species can the unpaired median ‘outpouching’ of the laryngeal floor be found?

A

In the pig and horse recessus laryngis medianus

112
Q

corniculate tubercles

A

sg. tuberculum corniculatum

pl. tubercula corniculata

113
Q

Where does the nasal puncta open?

A

the nasal puncta of the nasolacrimal duct is located on the ventral floor of the nasal vestibule,
near the mucosal transition in eq.

In other species it is located more caudally, occasionally with more than one opening,

114
Q

What unique process does the equine epiglottis have?

A

Cuneiform processes (processus cuneiformis)

are present on each side of the base of the epiglottis, projecting dorsally

115
Q

Which equine cartilage is comma shaped?

A

sg. cartilago alaris

pl. cartilagines alares

116
Q

number of tracheal rings

A

eq, ru 48- 60

su 32- 60

ca and fe 38-46

117
Q

Which nasal cartilages do horses not have that other species have?

A

cartilago nasi lateralis ventralis

cartilago nasi accessoria lateralis

118
Q

The lamina of the thyroid fuse ventrally to create what?

And in what species is this feature(s) found?

A

incisura thyroidea rostralis and caudalis

rostral in ru
caudal in ru, eq

119
Q

Which canine arytenoid process is most rostral?

A

processus cuneiformis

Veterinary anatomy in latin (29 decks)

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