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Veterinary anatomy in latin > Veterinary respiratory system I > Flashcards

Veterinary respiratory system I Flashcards

1
Q

latin for respiratory system

A

apparatus respiratorius

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2
Q

protective functions of the airways?

A

heat
moisten
filter

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3
Q

normal blood pH?

A

7.4

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4
Q

what parts does the upper respiratory tract consist of?

A

the nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx

though note that some materials say the larynx belongs to the lower-

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5
Q

what parts does the lower respiratory tract consist of?

A

the trachea, bronchial tree, and lungs

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6
Q

name the parts of the “conducting system” in order?

A

nostrils, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, and extra- and intrapulmonary bronchi

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7
Q

define surfactant

A

chemical substance to keep the pulmonary alveoli open

(an amphiphilic lipoprotein complex that greatly reduces the surface tension in the alveoli of the lung keeping them open)

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8
Q

conducting system histologically lined by?

A

ciliated columnar cells, and a variable proportion of secretory goblet and serous cells

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9
Q

difference between cartilage process and tubercle?

A

processes are “naked” cartilage, tubercles have soft tissue or other on

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10
Q

adam’s apple in latin

A

prominentia laryngea

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11
Q

what landmark is found in only some species just rostrally to the main pulmonary bifurcation?

A

bronchus trachealis in su and ru (and leads to cranial lobe of right lung)

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12
Q

name two parts of os ethmoidale

A 
lamina cribrosa (cribriform palate that separates the
ethmoid bone from the cranial cavity)

labyrinthus ethmoidalis

(cellulae ethmoidales in the pig and ruminants)

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13
Q

porous plane relating to olfactory system and the complicated mass behind it (rostrally)

A

lamina cribrosa

labyrinthus ethmoidalis

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14
Q

In addition to delivering oxygen via air inspiration, the resp. system also participates in what 4 functions?

A

olfactory system
phonation
body temperature regulation (panting)
blood pH regulation

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15
Q

ciliary beat frequency?

A

ca 1000 strokes/minute

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16
Q

in eq mucus moves longitudinally at a rate of up to?

A

20 mm/ minute

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17
Q

what serves as a transitional system?

A

microscopic bronchioles serve as a transition zone between the conducting (ciliated) system and the gas exchange (alveolar) system

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18
Q

distal bronchioles no longer have

A

ciliated cells nor goblet cells (but instead have other types of secretory cells)

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19
Q

thoracic part of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs are considered to be?

A

essentially sterile

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20
Q

External nose

A

nasus externus

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21
Q

two words for the nose

A

nasus; rhin

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22
Q

the root of the nose

A

radix nasi

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23
Q

the dorsal surface of the nose

A

dorsum nasi

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24
Q

the wings of the nose

A

alae nasi

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25
Q

the tip of the nose

A

apex nasi

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26
Q

the nostrils

A

nares

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27
Q

the modified skin around the nose is called what in latin?

A

rhinarium

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28
Q

in Car, ov, cap the shiny skin of the nose is called the ?

A

nasal plate (planum nasale)

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29
Q

in su the skin of the snout is called?

A

the rostral plate (planum rostrale)

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30
Q

in bo the skin that extends to the upper lip from the nose and contains glandular tissue is called?

A

the nasolabial plate (planum nasolabiale)

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31
Q

do equine have rhinarium?

A

eq have normal skin around the nostrils

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32
Q

rhinarium is innervated by?

A

a branch of the trigeminal nerve (V)

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33
Q

the external nose’s main cartilages in latin

A

cartilago nasi lateralis: dorsalis et ventralis
cartilago nasalis accessoria lateralis

cartilago nasalis accessoria medialis in ov, bo, eq

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34
Q

in su, additional medial support of the nose is given by?

A

the rostral bone (os rostrale)

which is set against the rostral end of the nasal septum, and gives attachment to the nasal cartilages

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35
Q

median groove of the outer nose

A

philtrum

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36
Q

translate the equine alar cartilage and describe it

A

sg. cartilago alaris/ pl. cartilagines alares

gives dorsal, medial and ventral support. The cartilage has a “comma” shape and is attached to the rostral end of the nasal septum

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37
Q

the dorsal part of the nostril in eq leads to?

A

a blind nasal diverticulum (diverticulum nasi)

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38
Q

translate lateral accessory nasal cartilage and which species does not have it?

A

cartilago nasalis accessoria lateralis

lacking in eq

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39
Q

translate medial accessory nasal cartilage and which species have it?

A

cartilago nasalis accessoria medialis

in ov, bo, eq

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40
Q

Nasal cavity

A

cavum nasi

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41
Q

the nasal cavities are divided by?

A

the nasal septum (septum nasi)

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42
Q

nasal cavities extend caudally to?

A

the choanae and os ethmoidale

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43
Q

cartilage of the nasal septum

A

cartilago septi nasi

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44
Q

the cartilage of the nasal septum is composed of?

A

hyaline cartilage, but ossified in its most caudal part

and is partially membranous too

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45
Q

translate membranous part and is where?

A

pars membranacea is medially and rostrally (ca) located in the nasal septum

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46
Q

translate osseous part and is where?

A

pars ossea is caudally, composed of perpendicular ethmoid lamina, vomer, and in su and bo of rostral bone

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47
Q

rostral part of the nasal cavity called?

A

vestibulum nasi

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48
Q

nasal vestibule is lined by?

A

stratified squamous epithelium and skin containing hair, hair follicles and sebaceous glands

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49
Q

orifice of the nasolacrimal duct

A

ostium nasolacrimale

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50
Q

name the nasal conchae

A

dorsal nasal concha (concha nasalis dorsalis)
middle nasal concha (concha nasalis media)
ventral nasal concha (concha nasalis ventralis)
ethmoidal conchae (conchae ethmoidales)

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51
Q

describe the dorsal nasal concha

A

is attached to the ethmoid and nasal bones; is the longest in all species

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52
Q

describe the middle nasal concha

A

much smaller than the dorsal, is more caudally

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53
Q

describe the ventral nasal concha

A

is attached to the maxilla; shorter and wider than the dorsal concha

54
Q

describe the ethmoidal conchae

A

occupy the caudal part of the nasal cavity

55
Q

concha nasalis ventralis composed of?

A

2 parts: pars dorsalis et ventralis

56
Q

name the meatuses found between conchae, in order

A

dorsal nasal meatus (meatus nasi dorsalis)
middle nasal meatus (meatus nasi medius)
ventral nasal meatus (meatus nasi ventralis)
common nasal meatus (meatus nasi communis)

57
Q

passages between the ethmoidal conchae are called?

A

passages between the ethmoidal conchae are called the ethmoidal meatuses (meatus ethmoidales)

58
Q

which meatus leads to the olfactory mucosa?

A

meatus nasi dorsalis

59
Q

which meatus leads air to the paranasal sinuses?

A

meatus nasi medius

60
Q

which meatus leads air to the pharynx?

A

meatus nasi ventralis

61
Q

the nasal cavity mucosa is divided into what two regions?

A

respiratory and olfactory regions

62
Q

respiratory region

A

regio respiratoria

63
Q

describe the mucosa of the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

A

is more vascular than the olfactory, and is covered by respiratory epithelium, which contains ciliated and secretory cells

64
Q

olfactory region

A

regio olfactoria

65
Q

describe the mucosa of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity?

A

it is lined by olfactory epithelium, consisting of neurosensory cells and olfactory glands

66
Q

where is the mucosa of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity?

A

comprises the caudodorsal portion of the nasal cavity, some of the surfaces of the ethmoid conchae, dorsal nasal meatus, and nasal septum

67
Q

Vomeronasal organ

A

organum vomeronasale

68
Q

What is the vomeronasal organ?

A

is an accessory olfactory system, which is mainly used to detect pheromones

69
Q

what do you call the characteristic “grimace” of an animal using its vomeronasal organ?

A

flehmen response

70
Q

Describe the vomeronasal organ.

A

a blind-ended bilateral tubular organ

in large animals it is about 20 cm,
in small animals 2…7 cm in length

71
Q

Describe the location of the vomeronasal organ.

A

on the floor of the nasal cavity in the mucosa next to the nasal septum, extends caudally from the rostral end of the palatine fissura to the 3rd incisor or to the 4th premolar

72
Q

translate olfactory bulb and location?

A

bulbus olfactorius, forebrain

73
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

sinus paranasales

74
Q

Paranasal sinuses lined by?

A

respiratory mucosa

75
Q

maxillary sinus

A

sinus maxillaris

76
Q

What structures or parts could you say that sinus maxillaris associates with?

A

hard palate, sphenoid bones, orbit and ventral conchae

77
Q

What is unique about ruminant maxillary sinus?

A

it communicates with the palatine sinus in ru

78
Q

What is unique about equine maxillary sinus?

A

in eq has cranial and caudal maxillary sinuses

79
Q

Where does the frontal sinus open into?

A

sinus frontalis opens into the ethmoidal meatuses (except in eq)

80
Q

What is unique about the sinus frontalis?

A

extends caudally into the parietal, interparietal, occipital, and temporal bones

81
Q

Which sinus is absent in car?

A

sinus palatinus absent in Car

82
Q

Sphenoidal sinus found in what 4 common domestic species?

A

sinus sphenoidalis found in – fe, eq, bo, su

83
Q

What is unique about the feline sinus sphenoidale?

A

in fe projects into nasal cavity

84
Q

What is unique about the equine sinus sphenoidale?

A

in eq communicates with palatine sinus

85
Q

In which species is the lacrimal sinus found?

A

sinus lacrimalis – su, Ru

86
Q

translate dorsal conchal sinus and describe /(location)

A

sinus conchae dorsalis

The caudal compartment of the dorsal concha forms the dorsal conchal sinus.

87
Q

translate ventral conchal sinus and describe /(location)

A

sinus conchae ventralis

The caudal compartment of the ventral concha in the pig, ruminants and the horse.

88
Q

translate ethmoidal cells in which species, and what are they?

A

cellulae ethmoidales – su, Ru

ethmoidal cells (sinuses) enclsoed by the ethmoidal conchae

89
Q

Name the parts of the epiglottis.

A

apex et basis

90
Q

What is the base of the epiglottis connected to?

A

the thyroid cartilage and is joined with the root of the tongue

91
Q

thyroid cartilage

A

cartilago thyroidea

92
Q

describe the thyroid cartilage

A

is unpaired and the largest.

It consists of two lamina which join ventrally to form the cartilage.

93
Q

Name the thyroid cartilage lamina in latin.

A

lamina: dextra et sinistra

94
Q

Name the horns of the thyroid cartilage.

A

cornu rostrale

cornu caudale

95
Q

What does the rostral horn articulate with and which cartilage does it belong to?

A

articulates with the thyrohyoid part of os hyoideum

96
Q

What does the caudal horn articulate with and which cartilage does it belong to?

A

articulates with the cricoid cartilage

97
Q

Name the main cartilages of the larynx.

A

cartilago epiglottica, -arytenoidea, -cricidea and -thyroidea

98
Q

translate cricoid cartilage and describe

A

cartilago cricoidea is an unpaired ring-shaped cartilage, attached to the top of trachea

99
Q

What ligament attaches the cricoid to the trachea?

A

the cricotracheal ligament (lig. cricotracheale)

100
Q

arch of the cricoid cartilage

A

arcus cartilaginis cricoidea

101
Q

lamina of the cricoid cartilage

A

lamina cartilaginis cricoidea

102
Q

translate arytenoid cartilage and describe

A

sg. cartilago arytenoidea/ pl. cartilagines arytenoideae

is paired pyramidal-shaped, located medially in the larynx and opens and closes the glottis

103
Q

translate corniculate process and what cartilage does it belong to? what is it called when covered by mucosal tissue?

A

processus corniculatus of the arytenoid cartilage

tuberculum corniculatum

104
Q

In which species is the corniculate process absent in?

A

absent in fe

105
Q

Name 4 processes of the arytenoid cartilage.

A

pro. corniculatus
pro. vocalis
pro. muscularis
pro. medialis

106
Q

To which process do the vocal cords attach?

A

proc. vocalis

107
Q

The arytenoid’s laterally extending processes are called?

A

proc. muscularis

108
Q

Canines have what extra arytenoid process and where?

A

cuneiform process = proc. cuneiformis, which is attached to the apex of the arytenoid cartilage

(not to be confused with the equine epiglottal cartilages’s proc. cuneiformis)

109
Q

Which extrinsic skeletal muscles move the larynx during swallowing?

A

m. sternothyroideus,
m. sternohyoideus,
m. mylohyoideus etc.

110
Q

Which intrinsic muscles move individual laryngeal cartilages during respiration and phonation?

A

m. cricoarytenoideus dorsalis et lateralis etc.

111
Q

cartilagines alares is divided into?

A

sg. cartilago alaris

lamina and cornu

(plate and horn)

112
Q

sinus conchae dorsalis et ventralis found in which species

A

su, ru, eq

113
Q

name the 8 sinuses found in domestic animals - english

A 
dorsal and ventral concha
ethmoidal cells
frontal
lacrimal
maxillary
palatine
sphenoidal
114
Q

maxillary sinus divided into what parts by what?

A

divided by a bony septum into smaller rostral compartment and larger caudal one

115
Q

translate nasomaxillary aperture and what is this?

A

apertura nasomaxillaris

slit-like opening towards the middle nasal meatus from the caudal and rostral maxillary sinuses in the adult horse

116
Q

term for lung collapse

A

atelectasis

117
Q

alar groove and what is it

A

sulcus alaris at the caudolateral angle of the nostril between the nasal wing and lateroventral border of the nasal cartilages in car and ru

118
Q

ridge of cricoid

A

crista mediana

119
Q

ventral thyroid cartilage has what feature that varies a great deal in size between species

A

caudal notch

incisura thyroidea caudalis

deep in eq, small in bo

120
Q

Name 5 mucosal folds you can find in the nasal cavity of different species.

A

plica alaris, -basalis, -recta, -obliqua, -parallelae

the last 2 mentioned are only found in car

121
Q

Which species has a rostral thyroid notch in addition to caudal

122
Q

What line is found on the thyroid cartilage

A

linea obliqua

123
Q

What is the area between the rostral horn and thyroid lamina called

A

fissura thyroidea

124
Q

thyrohyoid joint and where

A

articulatio thyrohyoidea at the rostral horn

125
Q

cricothyroid joint and where

A

articulatio cricothyroidea and at the caudal horn

126
Q

what attaches cricoid to thyroid cartilages

A

lig. cricothyroideum

127
Q

stem of the epiglottis

A

petiolus epiglotticus

128
Q

name the two surfaces of the epiglottis

A

facies lingualis and facies laryngea

129
Q

which arytenoid process is on the lateral side

A

processus muscularis

130
Q

which arytenoid process is on the medial side

A

processus vocalis

Veterinary anatomy in latin (29 decks)

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