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Veterinary anatomy in latin > Veterinary male reproductive system > Flashcards

Veterinary male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Male genital organs

A

organa genitalia masculina

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2
Q

term for the science concerned with reproduction of animals

A

theriogenology

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3
Q

What are the secondary genital organs of the male?

A

refers to the the duct system

the epididymis,
the deferent duct,
the urethra, and
the penis

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4
Q

What are the accessory organs of the male?

A

paired ampullary glands
vesicular glands
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands

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5
Q

What hormones is the male repro. system dependant on?

A

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
luteinizing hormone (LH)
testosterone

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6
Q

Where is LH hormone produced?

A

luteinizing hormone produced in pituitary gland

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7
Q

latin and greek for testicle

A

testis; orchis

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8
Q

What are the testicles’ orientation in domestic species?

A

horizontal in most species
(meaning testicular head-end positioned cranial direction)

exception is ruminants in which orientation is vertical (head-end positioned dorsally/upward)

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9
Q

free border

A

margo liber

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10
Q

testicular tail-end

A

extremitas caudata

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11
Q

margo liber directed which way in which species

A

ventrally in most species
laterally in Ru
caudally in su and fe

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12
Q

epididymal border

A

margo epididymalis

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13
Q

margo epididymalis directed which way in which species

A

dorsally in most species
medially in Ru
cranially in su

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14
Q

testicle is covered by a dense white tunic called what?

A

tunica albuginea

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15
Q

septa of the testicle

A

septula testis

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16
Q

testicular parenchyma

A

parenchyma testis

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17
Q

What divides the testicle into what type of parts?

A

testicular mediastinum and septa divide it into lobules

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18
Q

testicular parenchyma consists of?

A

the seminiferous tubules

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19
Q

convoluted seminiferous tubules

A

tubuli seminiferi contorti

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20
Q

What structure more specifically, produces sperm and estrogen?

A

the convoluted seminiferous tubules with spermatogenic epithelium

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21
Q

spermatogenic epithelium

A

epithelium spermatogenicum

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22
Q

the convoluted seminiferous tubules continue as the..?

A

the straight seminiferous tubules / tubuli seminiferi recti

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23
Q

what connects the seminiferous tubules to the head of the epididymis

A

the mediastinum testis which is a central connective-tissue area containing the rete testis, large blood and lymph vessels (relatively small in eq)

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24
Q

translate the network of ducts, the testicular network

A

rete testis

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25
Q

what produces testicular fluid

A

rete testis

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26
Q

Which interstitial endocrine cells begin to produce testosterone at puberty?

A

Leydig cells

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27
Q

What do Leydig cells produce?

A

testosterone and in some animals (su) estrogen too

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28
Q

Sertoli cells can be found where?

A

in convoluted seminiferous tubules

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29
Q

What cells provide structural support, and nourish spermatozoa?

A

Sertoli cells, also called sustentacular cells

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30
Q

3 functions of the epididymis

A

storage and maturation of sperm – final stage in the development of sperms in which the number of chromosomes is reduced

transport and concentration of sperm

produces fluid which becomes part of semen

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31
Q

testicular efferent ductules

A

ductuli efferentes testis

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32
Q

What is the epididymis surrounded by

A

a thick albugineous tunic

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33
Q

What main parts is the epididymis comprised of?

A

caput epididymidis
corpus epididymidis
cauda epididymidis

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34
Q

The head of the epididymis consists of?

A

the efferent ductules

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35
Q

The body of the epididymis consists of?

A

the coiled duct

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36
Q

The tail of the epididymis continues onward as?

A

the deferent duct

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37
Q

What is unique to the equine albugineous tunic?

A

it has a few smooth muscle cells

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38
Q

the space between the body of the epididymis and the testis is called?

A

bursa testicularis

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39
Q

tail of the epididymis is attached to the caudal extremity of the testicle by?

A

the proper ligament of the testicle / lig. testis proprium

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40
Q

how is the epididymis secured to the vaginal covering?

A

by the ligament of the tail of the epididymis

lig. caudae epididymidis

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41
Q

What secures the epididymis to the scrotum?

A

the scrotal ligament / lig. scroti

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42
Q

testicular ligaments are remnants of?

A

gubernaculum testis / the guide of the testicle

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43
Q

superficial inguinal ring
inguinal canal
deep inguinal ring

A

anulus inguinalis superficialis
canalis inguinalis
anulus inguinalis profundus

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44
Q

What is the prostatic utricle

A

Uterus masculinus

(persistent Mullerian duct) is a vestigial embryological remnant of the paramesonephric duct system in males

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45
Q

the ampulla of the deferent duct

A

ampulla ductus deferentis

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46
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

ductus ejaculatorius

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47
Q

in Ru and eq the deferent duct is joined by?

A

the duct of the vesicular gland and together become the common short passage called ejaculatory duct

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48
Q

ejaculatory duct opens on?

A

the seminal hillock

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49
Q

the spermatic cord

A

funiculus spermaticus

50
Q

what does the funiculus spermaticus contain?

A 
the deferent duct 
the testicular artery 
the pampiniform plexus
the testicular plexus of autonomic nerves, 
lymphatic vessels
genitofemoral and ilioinguinal nerves
51
Q

translate pampiniform plexus and define

A

plexus pampiniformis is venous network around testicular artery

52
Q

the spermatic cord is covered with?

A

external spermatic fascia
the cremasteric muscle
internal spermatic fascia

53
Q

the cremasteric muscle and the internal spermatic fascia are formed from?

A

a continuation of the internal oblique muscle and a continuation of the transversal fascia

54
Q

external median seam of the scrotum

A

raphe scroti

55
Q

scrotal wall/skin

A

cutis scroti

56
Q

fibromuscular layer beneath cutis scroti

A

dartos coat / tunica dartos

57
Q

what forms the scrotal septum internally?

A

tunica dartos forms the septum scroti

58
Q

internal to the dartos coat is?

A

the external spermatic fascia

59
Q

translate ‘Coverings of the spermatic cord and testicle’

A

tunicae funiculi spermatici et testis

60
Q

external spermatic fascia

A

fascia spermatica externa

corresponds to the fascia of the external oblique abdominal muscle

61
Q

cremasteric muscle

A

m. cremaster

formed from a continuation of the internal oblique muscle

62
Q

What m. is usually absent in fe and what do they have instead

A

cremasteric m. usually absent in fe, they have a levator scroti muscle

63
Q

internal spermatic fascia

A

fascia spermatica interna

continuation of the transversal fascia

64
Q

vaginal tunic

A

tunica vaginalis

65
Q

what is the vaginal tunic/process

A

the peritoneal process, covering the spermatic cord and testicle as a sac

66
Q

name the surfaces of tunica vaginalis

A

lamina parietalis

lamina visceralis

67
Q

albugineous tunic

A

tunica albuginea

dense white connective tissue layer containing some smooth muscle fibres

68
Q

translate and describe the vaginal cavity

A

cavum vaginale

the interval between the visceral and parietal layer around testicle

69
Q

translate and describe the vaginal canal in the context of male repro. organs

A

canalis vaginalis

the interval between the visceral and parietal layer
around the spermatic cord

70
Q

name the fold between the testicles and epididymis that contains vessels and nerves and is formed from the parietal layer of testicular tunics

A

mesorchium

71
Q

the narrow strip of mesorchium between the mesoductus and parietal layer is?

A

mesofuniculus

72
Q

what attaches the deferent duct to the mesorchium and to the abdominal and pelvic wall

A

mesoductus deferens

73
Q

Accessory genital glands

A

gll. genitales accessoriae

74
Q

ampullary glands

A

gll. ampullae

75
Q

location of gll. ampullae

A

outpouchings in the wall of the proximal ductus deferens

76
Q

vesicular gland

A

gl. vesicularis

77
Q

location of vesicular gland

A

located on either side of the ampullas

78
Q

translate the body of the prostate and where is it located

A

corpus prostatae

is situated on the dorsal surface of the pelvic urethra near the neck of the urinary bladder;

79
Q

translate ‘the disseminate part’ (of the prostate) and in which species is absent and in which, well developed

A

pars disseminata prostatae

absent in eq, well developed in car

80
Q

translate bulbourethral gland and in which species missing and in which, well-developed

A

gl. bulbourethralis (Cowper’s glands)

absent in ca, well developed in su

81
Q

Describe the location of the bulbourethral glands

A

are the most caudal of the accessory glands and lie on the dorsal side of the pelvic urethra, partially located in the bulbospongious muscle

82
Q

in large species, the penis is anchored to the pelvic floor by what

A

a suspensory ligament / lig. suspensorium penis

83
Q

in which species is the penis directed caudally

A

fe and cun

84
Q

erectile tissue is enclosed within what thick white connective tissue

A

albugineous tunic

tunica albuginea

85
Q

superficial and deep fascia of the penis

A

fascia penis: superficialis et profunda

86
Q

the penis originates from? as what?

A

from the ischial arch as radix penis

87
Q

the root of the penis composed of what

A

composed of the two crus penis

and the bulbus penis

88
Q

cavernous body of the penis and which side is it on

A

corpus cavernosum penis

dorsal aspect

89
Q

spongy body of the penis and which side is it on

A

corpus spongiosum penis

ventral aspect

90
Q

what can be found on the the ventral surface of the body of the penis, and what is that part of the penis composed of?

A

sulcus urethralis

contains spongy body and urethra

91
Q

translate sigmoid flexure and in which species can it be found

A

flexura sigmoidea penis

in su and Ru

92
Q

head of the penis

A

glans penis

93
Q

the spongy body of the glans

A

corpus spongiosum glandis

94
Q

Describe the glans penis of the boar.

A

in su it is minimally developed

95
Q

Describe the glans penis of the ruminant.

A

insubstantial and fibrous in the Ru

96
Q

Describe the glans penis of the equine.

A

predominantly vascular, with large mushroom-shaped crown (corona glandis) in eq

97
Q

Describe the glans penis of the equine.

A

predominantly vascular, with large mushroom-shaped crown (corona glandis) in eq

98
Q

Describe the glans penis of the dog.

A

in canines, the penile head includes the bulb of the glans (bulbus glandis) proximally,
and distally the cylindrical long part of the glans
(pars longa glandis)

99
Q

Two unique features of the canine glans penis.

A 
bulbus glandis (proximally)
pars longa glandis (distally)
100
Q

free part of the penis

A

pars libera penis

101
Q

Types of the penises

A 
fibroelastic type (Ru, su)
musculocavernous type (Car?, eq, man)
intermediate type (some say car)
102
Q

describe the fibroelastic penis (ru, su)

A

has very little erectile tissue,
little or no smooth muscle is present,
is enclosed by a thick albugineous tunic surrounding both cavernous bodies,
it needs little additional blood for erection

103
Q

describe the musculocavernous penis (car?, eq, man)

A

large blood spaces,
the albugineous tunic and septa are more delicate and muscular.
Has a lot of erectile tissue relative to connective tissue,
need large volume of additional blood for erection

104
Q

what structure is found in car distal penis

105
Q

Why does some literature classify car penises as intermediate type instead of musculocavernous?

A

there is more connective tissue and less smooth muscle bundles compared to a typical musculocavernous type

106
Q

name the 3 main penis associated muscles

A

m. bulbospongiosus
m. ischiocavernosus
m. retractor penis

107
Q

translate ischiocavernous muscle

A

m. ischiocavernosus

108
Q

bulbospongious muscle

A

m. bulbospongiosus

109
Q

describe the ischiocavernous muscle

A

is in pairs,
arises from the ischial arch (in females, is rudimentary) or
from the ischial tuber (in male)
encloses the crura to the level of their fusion at the root of the penis

110
Q

describe the bulbospongious muscle

A

is the extrapelvic continuation of the urethralis muscle
extends on the ventral surface of the penis;

in fibroelastic type its limited to the proximal third of the penis
in musculocavernous type it continues to the apex of the penis.
In female it is divided into two parts

111
Q

retractor of the penis

A

m. retractor penis

112
Q

describe the retractor of the penis

A

is paired and predominantly smooth;
arises from the caudal vertebrae or sacrum (su) and passes ventrally.

In Ru and su it attaches to the caudal arch of sigmoid flexure,
in species with a musculocavernous penis, it extends to the apex of the penis

113
Q

translate Prepuce and describe

A

preputium

is a retractable protective sheath of skin covering, made of connective tissue and smooth muscles

114
Q

the prepuce consists of?

A

lamina: externa et interna which are continuous at ostium preputiale

115
Q

preputial cavity

A

cavum preputiale

116
Q

What is unique to eq prepuce?

A

has an additional fold of the internal lamina – preputial fold (plica preputialis) that allows for considerable lengthening of the penis

117
Q

What is unique to su prepuce?

A

has large preputial sac dorsally

diverticulum preputiale

118
Q

what type of arteries are involved in producing erection

A

helicine arteries, empty directly into the cavernous blood spaces

119
Q

Name the coverings of the testicles from outside in.

A 
cutis scroti
tunica dartos
fascia spermatica externa
fascia spermatica interna
Lamina parietalis 
(tunica vaginalis)
Lamina visceralis 
Tunica albuginea
120
Q

difference between bulbus penis and bulbus glandis

A

former is at the base of the penis in everyone

latter is distal canine penis

Veterinary anatomy in latin (29 decks)

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