Veterinary arthrology in latin Flashcards
1
Q
the 3 main classifications of joints in the skeletal system
A
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
junctura fibrosa, cartilaginea, synovialis
2
Q
describe synarthrosis and give an example
A
fibrous joint - immovable, permits very little or no movement
eg. sutures of the skull
3
Q
describe amphiarthrosis and give an example
A
cartilaginous joint - slightly movable,
eg. ligaments or cartilaginous discs between vertebrae;
4
Q
describe diarthrosis and give an example
A
synovial joint - freely movable
eg. your typical joints for locomotion
5
Q
a tooth in its alveolus
A
articulatio dentoalveolaris
6
Q
Fibrous joints
A
articulationes fibrosae
7
Q
Syndesmosis
A
slightly flexible fibrous joint such as between radius and ulna
8
Q
subdivisions of suturae
A
sutura serrata, - squamosa, -plana and -foliata
9
Q
what is articulatio dentoalveolaris also known as?
A
Gomphosis
10
Q
name the 3 types of fibrous joint
A
syndesmosis, sutura and gomphosis
11
Q
cartilaginous joints
A
articulationes cartilagineae
12
Q
name 2 types of cartilaginous joint
A
synchondrosis and symphysis
13
Q
describe synchondrosis
A
immobile joint where articulating surfaces are hyaline or fibrocartilage
14
Q
describe symphysis
A
slightly movable joint
material connecting the articulating surfaces is
hyaline cartilage,
intervertebral disc
or fibrocartilage
15
Q
what type of joint is a synchondrosis joint and give an example
A
cartilaginous joint, where bones are joined by hyaline cartilage
e.g. between sternebrae, the epiphyseal plate
16
Q
what type of joint is a symphysis joint and give an example of one
A
cartilaginous joint, bones are joined by fibrocartilage
e.g. pelvic and intervertebral symphysis
17
Q
Synovial joints in latin
A
articulationes synoviales
18
Q
describe a synovial joints
A
mobile joints enclosed with joint capsule containing synovia
19
Q
latin for joint capsule, cartilage and joint cavity
A
capsula articularis, cartilago articularis, cavum articulare
20
Q
what common features do all synovial joints have
A
articular cartilage, joint capsule, joint cavity
21
Q
Meniscus latin
A
meniscus articularis
22
Q
Articular join (sic) between vert.
A
symphysis intervertebralis
23
Q
intervertebral disc
A
discus intervertebralis
24
Q
name two parts of a discus intervertebralis
A
anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus
25
Articular labrum in latin
labrum articulare
26
What types of joints are simple joints, and in latin, and give example
articulatio simplex are synovial – formed by two articulating bones, e.g. articulatio humeri
27
What types of joints are composite joints, and in latin, and give example
articulationes composita – include more than two bones within the same joint capsule, are synovial e.g. carpal joint, elbow joint
28
name 3 ways of classifying synovial joints
how many bones form the joint; shape of articular surfaces; degree and type of mobility
29
name 7 types of articular joint surfaces
spheroidal, ellipsoidal, saddle, condylar, hinge, pivot, plane
30
Spheroidal or ball-and-socket joint - give latin name and description
articulatio spheroidea - a spherical head in a cup-shaped depression permits rotation, e.g. hip joint;
31
Ellipsoidal joint - give latin name and description
articulatio ellipsoidea - an articular surface forms an ellipse, e.g. atlantooccipital joint
32
Saddle joint - give latin name and description
articulatio sellaris: surfaces resembel a saddle, e.g. interphalangeal joints
33
Condylar joint - give latin name and description
articulatio condylaris: convex articular condyles articulate with concave articular surfaces, e. g. femorotibial joint
34
Hinge joint - give latin name and description
ginglymus: the joint axis is perpendicular to long axis of the bone, moves only in their sagittal plane, e.g. elbow, fetlock joint
35
Pivot joint - give latin name and description
articulatio trochoidea: the joint axis is parallel to the long axis of the bone and rotary movement occurs around one axis, e.g. atlantoaxial joint
36
Plane joint - give latin name and description
articulatio plana: a slight gliding movement between relatively flat apposed surfaces (facets), e.g. sacroiliac joint
37
3 types of mobility of joints
uni-, bi- and multiaxial
38
give 2 examples of uniaxial joints
Hinge joint, Pivot joint
39
give 3 examples of biaxial joints
saddle-, ellipsoidal-, condylar joints
40
give 2 examples of multiaxial joints
Spheroidal joint, Plane joint
41
what are synostoses
fusion of two or more bones (sing. synostosis)
42
median osseous junction between two mandibles and consists of what
articulatio intermandibularis –
| consists of sutura intermandibularis and synchondrosis intermandibularis
43
name for where mandibular condyle fits into the mandibular fossa and what in between
articulatio temporomandibularis and discus articularis
44
between occipital condyles and atlas
articulatio atlanto-occipitalis
45
describe the Atlanto-occipital joint
two ellipsoidal joints
each joint has its own capsule
46
formed by the dens of the axis and the corresponding cavity of the atlas
articulatio atlantoaxialis
47
describe the Atlantoaxial joint
Pivot joint with a common joint capsule and single synovial cavity
48
Joints between the articular processes of the vertebrae
articulationes processuum articularium
49
describe the joints of the articular processes of the vertebrae
plane joints between the articular facets of the vertebrae; minimal axial rotation and moderate amounts of lateral bending, dorsoventral flexion, and extension
50
Joint of the costal head
articulationes capitis costae pl.
| articulatio capitis costae sg.
51
describe the Joint of the costal head
spheroidal joint between the head of a rib and the bodies of two vertebrae and intervertebral disc
52
what and where: intercapital ligament
ligamentum intercapitale, between the first through eleventh ribs
53
what and where: Costotransverse joint
articulatio costotransversaria – plane joints between costal tubercle and transverse process;
54
name 3 shorter spinal ligaments
ligamenta interspinalia, -intertransversaria, -flava
55
Long dorsal longitudinal ligament and where
ligamentum longitudinale dorsale passes along the vertebral canal from axis to the sacrum
56
ventral longitudinal ligament and where
ligamentum longitudinale ventrale connects the ventral surfaces of the vertebral bodies from 8th thoracic vertebra to sacrum
57
nuchal ligament and where
ligamentum nuchae – arises from the axis in the ca and the occiput in Ru and eq
inserts to the spinous process of the 1st thor. vertebra
58
what does ligamentum nuchae consist of
funiculus nuchae and lamina nuchae
– in Ru and eq the ligament consists of paired lamina and funiculus;
ca has only nuchal funiculus
59
supraspinous ligament and where
ligamentum supraspinale – continuation of nuchal ligament caudally. Attached to the tips of the spinous processes of thoracic, lumbal and sacral vertebrae
60
Name 6 neck ligaments of the dog dorsolaterally viewed
lig. atlantoaxialis, lig. nuchae, ligamentum supraspinale, ligg. interspinalia, ligg. flava, ligamentum costotransversium
61
how does the nuchal ligament differ in car compared to eq and ru
in Ru and eq the ligament consists of paired nuchael lamina and funiculus; ca has only nuchal funiculus;
62
Joints of the thoracic limb
articulationes membri thoracici
63
Shoulder joint
articulatio humeri
64
describe articulatio humeri
spheroidal joint,
no collateral ligaments
rim of the glenoid cavity has fibrocartilage labrum glenoidale
65
Elbow joint
articulatio cubiti
66
describe articulatio cubiti
composite hinge joint consisting of
| humeroulnar joint and humeroradial joint : humeroradialis, humeroulnaris, radioulnarisoroximalis
67
Carpal joint
articulatio carpi
68
describe articulatio carpi
composite joint, includes the joints between forearm, carpal and metacarpal bones. Consists of 4 parts.
69
Antebrachiocarpal joint
articulatio antebrachiocarpea
70
describe articulatio antebrachiocarpea
between the radius and ulna and the proximal carpal bones.
| A hinge joint in eq,a condylar in Ru and a ellipsoidal in Car.
71
Intercarpal joints
articulationes intercarpeae
72
describe articulationes intercarpeae
plane joints between the carpal bones of each row; very limited range of movement
73
Middle carpal joint
articulatio mediocarpea
74
describe articulatio mediocarpea
between proximal and distal carpal bones; considerable movement is possible
75
Carpometacarpal joint
articulatio carpometacarpea
76
describe articulationes carpometacarpea
between the distal carpal and the metacarpal bones; plane joints, virtually no movement takes place, shock absorption
77
latin for fetlock joints
articulationes metacarpophalangeae
78
describe Metacarpophalangeal joints
hinge joints between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges and sesamoid bones.
79
what is one of the leading causes of racetrack euthanasia
serious fracture-dislocations of the fetlock joint
80
latin for pastern joints
articulationes interphalangeae proximales manus
81
describe proximal interphalangeal joints
saddle joints which act as hinge joints, lateral movement is limited.
Art. interphalangea proximalis manus/pedis
82
latin for coffin joint sg.
articulatio interphalangea distalis manus
83
describe distal interphalangeal joints
saddle joints; very similar to the proximal interphalangeal joints; act as hinge joints
84
name sesamoid ligaments of the digit/hoof
3x sesamoid ligaments (cruciate, oblique, straight)
ligg. sesamoidea cruciata, ligg. sesamoidea obliqua, ligg, sesamoidea rectum
85
accessory bone meets carpi
articulatio ossis carpi accessorii
86
collateral carpal ligaments
ligamentum collaterale carpi laterale and mediale
87
dorsal intercarpal ligaments
ligamenta intercarpea dorsalia
88
intercarpal interosseus ligaments
ligamenta intercarpea interossea
89
accesoriocarpal joint
articulatio ossis carpi accessorii
90
name 3 x accessory joint ligaments
ligamentum accessoriometacarpeum, lig. accessoriocarpoulnare, lig. accessorioulnare
91
Joints of the pelvic limb
articulationes membri pelvini
92
Broad sacrosciatic ligament or sacrotuberous ligament
ligamentum sacrotuberale latum, ca; ligamentum sacrotuberale
93
describe ligamenta sacrotuberale latum, ca; ligamenta sacrotuberale
from os sacrum (un) and first caudal vertebra (su, eq) to spina ischiadica and tuber ischiadicum.
Absent in the fe and in the ca is a fibrous cord.
94
Sacroiliac joint
articulatio sacroiliaca
95
describe articulatio sacroiliaca
Plane gliding joint, formed by the wing of the ilium and the wing of the sacrum.
96
Pelvic symphysis
symphysis pelvina
97
describe symphysis pelvina
Cartilaginous joint, ventrally between hip bones
98
Hip joint
articulatio coxae
99
describe articulatio coxae
spheroidal, ball-and-socket and synovial; very stable, lip of fibrocartilage called the labrum acetabulare
100
ligament of head of femur
ligamentum capitis ossis femoris
101
femoral accessory ligament
ligamentum accessorium ossis femoris
102
Stifle joint
articulatio genus
103
describe articulatio genus
composite joint, consists of 3 parts: articulatio femorotibialis lateralis & medialis and articulatio femoropatellaris
104
describe the articulatio femorotibialis
condyles of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia; incongruent condylar joint.
105
meniscus of stifle
meniscus lateralis & medialis
106
cranial cruciate ligament and describe
ligamentum cruciatum craniale - from the lateral condyle of the femur to the tibiae
107
meniscofemoral ligament and describe location
ligamentum meniscofemorale - from lateral meniscus to the medial femoral condyle
108
caudal cruciate ligament and describe
ligamenta cruciatum caudale - from the medial condyle of the femur to the tibiae
109
transverse ligament of stifle and describe
ligamentum transversum genus - connects in ca and su menisci cranially
110
Femoropatellar joint and describe
articulatio femoropatellaris - formed by articular surface of the patella and the femur; hinge joint
111
how is the patella joined to the tibial tuberosity?
in car, su and small ru: by a single patellar ligament - ligamentum patellae
in bo and eq: by 3 patellar ligaments - lig. patellae: mediale intermedium et laterale
112
unique attribute of equine stifle
has locking mechanism, part of the passive stay apparatus
113
Tarsal joint
articulatio tarsi
114
describe articulatio tarsi
composite joint, includes the joints between crural, tarsal and metatarsal bones.
Consists of 5 joints (art. tarsocruralis, -talocalcaneocentralis, - centrodistalis, -intertarseae, art. tarsometatarsea)
115
tarsocrural joint and describe
articulatio tarsocruralis – hinge or cochlear joint between trochlea of the talus and the distal end of the tibia
116
plantar ligament and where
ligamentum plantare longum and is found on the plantar surface of the tarsal joint
117
talocalcaneocentral joint and describe
articulatio talocalcaneocentralis – hinge or condylar joint
118
centrodistal joint and describe
articulatio centrodistalis – between central and distal tarsal bones
119
intertarsal joints and describe
articulationes intertarseae – between tarsal bones.
NB! In Car condylar, in Ru hinge and in eq almost plane immobile joint.
120
tarsometatarsal joints and describe
artt. tarsometatarseae – plane rigid joints between distal tarsal and metatarsal bones; shock absorbing
121
fetlock joints
artt. metatarsophalangeae
122
describe metatarsophalangeal joints
hinge joints between the metatarsal bones and the proximal phalanges and the proximal sesamoid bones.
123
metatarsophalangeal ligaments, name 3 types
collateral, sesamoidean and interdigital ligaments
ligg. collateralia, ligg. sesamoidea collateralia, ligg. interdigitalia proximalia and distalia
124
pastern joints and describe
art. interphalangeae proximalis pedis or manus – saddle joints between proximal and middle phalanges. Act as hinge joint, lateral movement is limited.
125
coffin joint and describe
art. interphalangeae distalis pedis or manus – similar to the proximal- are saddle joints with hinge movement.
126
latin for joint ligaments
ligamenta articularia
127
fibrocartilagous meniscus
mensici articulares
128
simple and composite joints
articulatio simplex and composita
129
alar ligaments
ligamenta alaria
130
palmar ligaments
ligg. palmaria
131
short sesamoid ligaments
ligg. sesamoidea brevia
132
straight sesamoid ligament
lig. sesamoideum rectum
133
oblique sesamoid ligament
ligg. sesamoidea obliqua
134
collateral sesamoid ligaments
ligg. sesamoidea collateralia
135
cruciate sesamoid ligaments
ligg. sesamoidea cruciata
136
chondrocompedal ligaments
ligg. chondrocompedalia
137
chondroungular ligaments
ligg. chondroungularia
138
chondrocoronal ligaments
ligg. chondrocoronalia
139
foramens through ligament latum in large animals
foramen ischiadica majus and minus
140
name and location of long plantar ligament
lig. plantare longum located from calcaneus to metatarsals
141
name the 2 lateral collateral tarsal ligaments
lig. collaterale tarsi laterale longum and breve
142
name the 2 medial collateral tarsal ligaments
lig. collaterale tarsi mediale longum and breve
143
costochondral joints and what are they
artt. costochondrales are where the ribs meet costal cartilage to meet the sternum
144
2 ligaments attaching the costal heads
lig. capitis costae radiatum and lig. capitis costae intra-articulare
145
coracohumeral ligament
lig. coracohumerale
146
what holds the humerus in the glenoid cavity?
ligg. glenohumeralia
147
name 3 joints of art. cubitis
art. humeroradialis, -humeroulnaris, -radioulnaris proximalis
148
name art. carpi 4 main joints (exclude interossea)
art. antebrachiocarpea, art. mediocarpea, art. carpometacarpea, art. ossis carpi accessorii
