Veterinary anatomy: mammary glands Flashcards
alternative terms for mammary gland
mamma, mastos
mammary body
corpus mammae
mammary teat
papilla mammae
what happens after the lactation period?
glandular involution
mammary gland
gl. mammaria
consists of epithelial glandular tissue and interstitium
usual number of glands per mammary unit in different species is
ca 8…14
fe 5…7
su and eq 2
Ru 1
each mammary gland/complex consists of?
single or multiple glands, species dependent, and associated duct system
secretory units grouped into lobes, lobules, and alveoli, with intervening connective tissue septa in which run the mammary vessels and nerves
lobes of the mammary gland
lobi glandulae mammariae
are macroscopical subdivisions
mammary lobule
lobuli glandulae mammariae
a cluster 1…1,5 mm in size, of 150…200 alveoli
secreting into a central ductule
route of milk draining from lobules
intralobular duct
larger interlobular duct
intralobar and interlobar or lactiferous duct
which is the primary excretory duct for a lobe
several lactiferous ducts empty into a lactiferous sinus
lactiferous duct
ductus/ductuli lactiferi
translate and define lactiferous sinus
sinus lactifer
is a dilated distal part of the duct system, extending into the teat
the lactiferous sinus can consist of what two parts?
pars glandularis (sinus lactifer) pars papillaris (sinus lactifer)
translate and define papillary venous circle
circulus venosus papillae
an annular mucosal fold marking the separation of pars glandularis and pars papillaris of the lactiferous sinus
translate and define papillary duct
ductus papillaris
narrow papillary duct in the apex of the papilla
in bo n.1cm
papillary opening
ostium papillare
describe the mucosa of the papillary duct
bears longitudinal folds
in bo, ends of these folds form radial structure at proximal end
in bovine, what structure can be found at the boundary between teat sinus and teat duct
Fuerstenberg´s rosette
at the proximal end of the papillary duct the ends of the longitudinal folds of mucosa form this radial structure
papillary sphincter
m. sphincter papillae
papillary sphincter m. contains what unique feature?
pacemaker cells (telocytes; bo)
stimulate rhythmic contractions every 15–40 s between the milkings
in which species is the papillary sphincter muscle poorly developed
m. sphincter papillae
in small Ru
closure is affected by elastic tissue in the end of the teat
thoracic
abdominal
inguinal mammary glands
mamma thoracica
mamma abdominalis
mamma inguinalis
intermammary groove
sulcus intermammarius
either longitudinal or transverse
a mare teat as how many ducts and is what shape?
2 ducts
laterally compressed cone-like
ruminant teats has how many ducts?
1
sows have how many mammary complexes and each teat has how many ducts
14 (10…12) complexes
2..3 ducts each teat
canines have how many mammary complexes and each teat has how many ducts
10 (8…12) complexes
8…20 ducts each teat/nipple
felines have how many mammary complexes and each teat has how many ducts
8 complexes
4…8 ducts each nipple sometimes more
suspensory apparatus of mammary gland
apparatus suspensorius mammarius
at base of each gland
translate and define the medial laminae
laminae mediales
arises from the yellow abdominal tunic,
in small part from the symphysial tendon - tendo symphysialis,
largely of elastic tissue;
separates the halves of the udder
translate and define the lateral laminae
laminae laterales
arises from the external crus of the inguinal ring
and from the medial femoral fascia,
composed of dense connective tissue;
passes over the surface of the udder
translate and define thin suspensory lamellae
lamellae suspensoriae
from both med. and lat. laminae,
penetrate the mammary gland and lend support
the external pudendal artery
a. pudenda externa
the main blood supply to the inguinal mammary glands is from?
a. pudenda externa
a. pudenda externa arises indirectly from?
the external iliac artery
via the deep femoral artery
where does the external pudendal artery pass through?
the inguinal canal
The external pudendal artery can divide into what parts?
a. mammaria cranialis or a. epigastrica caudalis superficialis
a. mammaria caudalis or ramus labialis ventralis
both are partially or wholly embedded in the gland substance
translate cranial mammary artery and in which species
a. mammaria cranialis; Ru, eq
translate caudal superficial epigastric artery and this is alternative to?
a. epigastrica caudalis superficialis
a. mammaria cranialis
translate caudal mammary artery and in which species
a. mammaria caudalis; Ru, eq
ventral labial branch and this is alternative to?
ramus labialis ventralis
a. mammaria caudalis
the caudal mammary artery anastomoses with a division of
the internal pudendal artery, with dorsal labial branch
internal pudendal artery
a. pudenda interna
dorsal labial branch (of internal pudendal artery)
ramus labialis dorsalis
cranially, the additional blood supply for the mammary glands is derived from the?
internal thoracic artery and its branch:
the cranial superficial epigastric artery
as well as from the
lateral thoracic artery &
intercostal arteries
internal thoracic artery
a. thoracica interna
cranial superficial epigastric artery
a. epigastrica cranialis superficialis
lateral thoracic artery
a. thoracica lateralis
intercostal arteries
aa. intercostales
in most species thoracic mammary glands drain into?
the cranial superficial epigastric vein /
subcutaneous abdominal vein
cranial superficial epigastric vein
v. epigastrica cranialis superficialis
subcutaneous abdominal vein and called this only in what animals
v. subcutanea abdominis
ru and mares
the subcutaneous abdominal vein opens into the?
cranial epigastric vein
cranial epigastric vein opens into the?
internal thoracic vein
superficial cranial epigastric vein
v. epigastrica cranialis superficialis
internal thoracic vein
v. thoracica interna
abdominal and inguinal mammary glands drain into?
the caudal superficial epigastric vein
or cranial mammary vein
cranial mammary vein
v. mammaria cranialis
the caudal superficial epigastric vein
v. epigastrica caudalis superficialis
the ventral labial vein opens into the?
external pudendal vein
ventral and dorsal labial vein
v. labialis ventralis et dorsalis
the external pudendal vein
v. pudenda externa
caudally the dorsal labial vein drains into?
the internal pudendal vein
dorsal labial vein
v. labialis dorsalis
internal pudendal vein
v. pudenda interna
in bovine during the first pregnancy, what develops in regard to vasculature?
an anastamosis develops between cranial and caudal superficial epigastric veins forming the “milk vein”
the ‘milk vein’ drains into?
through the abdominal wall (“milk well”) into the internal thoracic vein
The thoracic and the cranial abdominal mammary complexes receive their arterial blood supply from?
the mammary branches of the cranial superficial epigastric artery, which is a perforating branch of
the internal thoracic artery
The caudal abdominal and inguinal mammary complexes are supplied by?
mammary branches of the caudal superficial epigastric artery, that arises from the external pudendal artery
The abdominal and inguinal mammary complexes drain into?
the caudal superficial epigastric veins, which open into the external pudendal vein
the mammary lymph node
lymphonodi mammarii
also called the superficial inguinal lymph node
What structures pass through the cow’s inguinal canal
external pudendal artery and vein
genitofemoral nerve
lymphatics
what constitutes a natural barrier against bacterial infections for the bo mammary complexes
The lipid and protein components of the mucosa of the teat canal
In large animals, the superficial cranial epigastric vein is also called
the subcutaneous abdominal (“milk”) vein
The opening of the milk vein through the body wall is called the?
the milk well
xyphoid process region
branches of mammary vessels
rami mammarii
what cells squeeze milk from mammary alveoli and stimulated by what
basket cells / myoepithelial cells
oxytocin stimulates
