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Veterinary anatomy in latin > Myology 2: extremities > Flashcards

Myology 2: extremities Flashcards

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Latin flashcards
1
Q

‘Muscles of thoracic limb’ in latin

A

mm. membri thoracici

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2
Q

Name the 7 Muscles of the shoulder in latin

A

m. coracobrachialis
m. deltoideus
m. infraspinatus
m. subclavius
m. subscapularis
m. supraspinatus
m. teres major

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3
Q

Name the 7 Muscles of the shoulder in english

A 
Coracobrachial muscle
Deltoid muscle 
Infraspinous muscle
Subclavian muscle 
Subscapular muscle 
Supraspinous muscle
Major teres muscle
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4
Q

Supraspinous muscle

A

m. supraspinatus

O: supraspinous fossa, scapular spine

I: Greater tubercle/ tuberculum majus of the humerus.

A: Extension of the shoulder joint

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5
Q

Infraspinous muscle

A

m. infraspinatus

O: Infraspinous fossa

I: proximal humerus

A: flexor of shoulder, it’s tendon functions as collateral ligament

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6
Q

Deltoid muscle and heads

A

m. deltoideus

one head in eq
two heads in ru = pars scapularis and -acromialis

O: spina scapulae and acromion

I: tuberositas deltoidea

A: Flexor of shoulder and abductor of upper arm

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7
Q

Major teres muscle

A

m. teres major

O: caudal edge of the scapula

I: tuberositas teres major of the humerus

A: Flexor of the shoulder

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8
Q

Subscapular muscle

A

m. subscapularis

O: Subscapular fossa

I: tuberculum minus of the humerus

A: extensor or flexor of shoulder and it’s tendon functions as medial collateral ligament

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9
Q

Subclavian muscle

A

m. subclavius

O: 1st- 4th rib cartilage

I: epimysium of supraspinatus muscle

A: fixes the scapula

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10
Q

Coracobrachial muscle

A

m. coracobrachialis

O: Coracoid process

I: medial aspect of the humerus

A: Extension and adduction of the shoulder joint

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11
Q

Name the 5 Muscles of the arm in latin

A

m. anconeus
m. biceps brachii
m. brachialis
m. tensor fasciae antebrachii
m. triceps brachii
(caput: longum, laterale, mediale et accessorium)

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12
Q

Name the 5 Muscles of the arm in english

A 
Anconeus muscle
Biceps muscle of the forearm
Brachial muscle
Tensor muscle of the antebrachial fascia 
Triceps muscle of the forearm
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13
Q

Brachial muscle

A

m. brachialis

O: Caudal on neck of humerus

winds over the lateral surface in the spiral groove of the humerus, finally reaching the medial side

I: medial on radius and ulna

A: flexor of the elbow

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14
Q

Biceps muscle of the forearm

A

m. biceps brachii

O: supraglenoid tubercle

I: Radial tuberosity = tuberositas radii

A: Flexion of elbow, extensor of shoulder

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15
Q

Triceps muscle and it’s 3 heads

A

m. triceps brachii
(caput: longum, laterale, mediale)

long head O: caudal border of scapula

lat. head O: lateral aspect of humerus

medial head O: medial aspect of humerus

accessory head (absent in eq) O: caudally neck of humerus

all I: olecranon

A: extensor of shoulder; long head can also be flexor of shoulder

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16
Q

Tensor muscle of the antebrachial fascia

A

m. tensor fasciae antebrachii

O: caudal border of scapula in axillary arch area

I: antebrachial fascia

A: tensor of antebrachial fascia, extensor of elbow

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17
Q

Anconeus muscle

A

m. anconeus

O: distal on humerus, fossa olecrani

I: lateral aspect of olecranon

A: Extensor of elbow

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18
Q

Name the 5 Muscles of the cranial forearm in english

A

Radial extensor muscle of the carpus
Common digital extensor muscle
Lateral digital extensor muscle
Ulnar extensor muscle of the carpus

Long abductor muscle of the first digit

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19
Q

Name the 5 Muscles of the cranial forearm in latin

A

m. extensor carpi radialis
m. extensor digitorum communis
m. extensor digitorum lateralis
m. extensor carpi ulnaris

m. abductor digiti I (priimum) longus

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20
Q

Name the 5 Muscles of the caudal forearm in english

A

Ulnar flexor muscle of the carpus
- Deep digital flexor muscle
- Superficial digital flexor muscle
Radial flexor muscle of the carpus

Interosseous muscles

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21
Q

Name the 5 Muscles of the caudal forearm in latin

A

m. flexor carpi ulnaris
- m. flexor digitorum superficialis
- m. flexor digitorum profundus
m. flexor carpi radialis

mm. interossei: tendinous

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22
Q

‘Muscles of pelvic limb’ in latin

A

mm. membri pelvini

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23
Q

Name the 6 Muscles of the rump in english

A 
Internal obturator muscle
External obturator muscle
Tensor muscle of the fascia lata 
Middle gluteal muscle 
Deep gluteal muscle
Superficial gluteal muscle
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24
Q

Name the 9 Muscles of the thigh in english

A 
Quadriceps
Biceps muscle of the thigh (or gluteobiceps muscle; ru, su)
Semitendinous muscle
Semimembranous muscle
Gracilis muscle
Adductor muscle
Pectineal muscle
Popliteal muscle
Sartorius muscle
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25
Q

Name the 6 Muscles of the rump in latin

A

m. obturatorius internus
m. obturatorius externus
m. tensor fasciae latae
m. gluteus medius
m. gluteus profundus
m. gluteus superficialis

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26
Q

Name the 9 Muscles of the thigh in latin

A

m. quadriceps femoris
(m. rectus femoris + m. vastus: lateralis, medialis et intermedius)

m. biceps femoris or (m. gluteobiceps; Ru, su)
m. semitendinosus
m. semimembranosus
m. gracilis
m. adductor
m. pectineus
m. popliteus
m. sartorius

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27
Q

Name 5 Muscles of the cranial crus in latin

A

m. tibialis cranialis
m. peroneus tertius
m. extensor digitorum longus
- m. peroneus longus (in ru)
m. extensor digitorum lateralis

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28
Q

Name 5 Muscles of the cranial crus in english

A 
Cranial tibial muscle
Third fibular muscle 
Long digital extensor muscle
- (in ru) Long fibular muscle
Lateral digital extensor muscle
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29
Q

Name 5 Muscles of the caudal crus in latin

A

mm. flexores digitorum profundi
m. flexor digitorum superficialis
m. triceps surae: m. gastrocnemius et soleus
mm. interossei

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30
Q

Name 5 Muscles of the caudal crus in english

A

Deep digital flexor muscles
Superficial digital flexor muscle
Triceps muscle of crus: gastrocnemius and soleus
Interosseous muscles

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31
Q

what 4 muscles is m. quadriceps femoris made up of?

A

m. rectus femoris, m. vastus: lateralis, medialis et intermedius

32
Q

another name for m. biceps femoris

A

m. gluteobiceps for ru and su (is biceps femoris and superficial gluteal fused)

F: extends hip joint

33
Q

long head of triceps muscle

A

m. triceps brachii caput: longum

O: caudal edge of the scapula

I: Olecranon

A: Extensor of elbow and flexor of shoulder

34
Q

lateral head of triceps muscle

A

m. triceps brachii caput laterale

O: lateral on humerus

I: olecranon

A: Extensor of elbow

35
Q

medial head of triceps muscle

A

m. triceps brachii caput mediale

O: medial on humerus

I: Olecranon

A: Extensor of elbow

36
Q

radial extensor muscle of the carpus

A

m. extensor carpi radialis

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus = epicondylus lateralis

I: proximal on 3rd metacarpal (= cannon bone in eq)

A: carpal extensor

37
Q

common digital extensor muscle of forelimb

A

m. extensor digitorum communis

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus = epicondylus lateralis

I: Extensor process of distal phalanx = processus extensorius

A: Extension of carpal- and digital joints

38
Q

lateral digital extensor muscle of crus

A

m. extensor digitorum lateralis

O: Fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

I: Middle phalanx

A: Extensor of the digit/s

39
Q

ulnar flexor muscle of the carpus

A

m. flexor carpi ulnaris + caput: humerale and ulnare

Humeral head
O: Medial epicondyle of humerus

Ulnar head
O: Olecranon

I: Accessory carpal bone
A: Flexor of carpal joint

40
Q

ulnar extensor muscle of the carpus

A

m. extensor carpi ulnaris

O: Lateral epicondyle / epicondylus lateralis

I: accessory bone (os carpi accessorium) and 4th- 5th metacarpals (os metacarpale IV-V)

A: Flexor of carpal joint

41
Q

round pronator muscle

A

m. pronator teres

Details:
Inconsistant in ruminants and the pig.
In eq its reduced to a small band.

O: medial epicondyle of the humerus

I: craniomedial side of the radius.

42
Q

radial flexor muscle of the carpus

A

m. flexor carpi radialis

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus

I: Palmar aspect 3rd metacarpal in ru and 2nd in eq

A: Flexor of the carpal joint

43
Q

superficial digital flexor muscle of forelimb

A

m. flexor digitorum superficialis

O: Medial epicondyle on humerus

I: Proximal on middle phalanx

A: flexor of the forefoot; stabilises the fetlock

44
Q

deep digital flexor muscle of the forelimb

A

m. flexor digitorum profundus,
plural: musculi flexores digitorum profundi

(caput: humerale, radiale and ulnare)

O: Medial epicondyle of humerus, radius, ulna

I: Flexor surface of distal phalanx

A: Flexor of the forefoot

45
Q

long abductor muscle of the 1st digit

A

m. abductor digiti I (priimum) longus

O: Lateral radius

I: horse/pig 2nd, ruminants 3rd metacarpal bone

A: Extensor of carpal joint

46
Q

middle gluteal muscle

A

m. gluteus medius

O: Ilial wing, sacrum and 1st lumbar vertebra

I: Greater trochanter

F: Extensor of the hip joint

47
Q

sartorius muscle and it’s 2 parts

A

m. sartorius: with pars cranialis et caudalis in dogs

O: Coxal tuber; shaft of ilium or tendon of lesser psoas muscle

I: Deep fascia of the leg

A: Adducts and draws hindlimb forwards

48
Q

internal obturator muscle

A

m. obturatorius internus

absent in ru

O: Inner surface of the obturator foramen

I: fossa trochanterica

A: Lateral rotation of the hip joint.

49
Q

external obturator muscle

A

m. obturatorius externus

O: Outer surface of the obturator foramen

I: Trochanteric fossa

F: draws hindlimb outwards

50
Q

adductor muscle

A

m. adductor

O: ventral surface of pelvis and on the tendon of the gracilis

I: medial border of femur

F: Adduction

51
Q

semitendinous muscle

A

m. semitendinosus

O: tuber ischiadicum

I: Cranial border of tibia, common calcaneal tendon

F: Flexor of the stifle joint; extensor of the hip joint

52
Q

semimembranous muscle

A

m. semimembranosus

O: vertebral and pelvic head in eq,
and only pelvic head in others: ventral tuber ischiadicum

I: Medial condyle of femur and tibia

F: Extensor of the stifle joint; draws limb inwards

53
Q

quadriceps or quadrate muscle of the thigh and its 4 parts

A

m. quadriceps femoris made up of:

m. rectus femoris,
m. vastus: lateralis, medialis et intermedius

O: rectus - shaft of ilium and the rest - femur

I: patella and tuberositas tibiae

F: extensor of stifle, rectus flexes hip joint

54
Q

pectineal muscle

A

m. pectineus

O: Iliopubic eminence

I: Medial border of the femur

F: Adduction

55
Q

Gracilis muscle

A

m. gracilis

O: Aponeurosis on symphysis pelvina

I: Deep fascia of the leg

F: Adduction

56
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle

A

m. gastrocnemius: caput laterale et mediale

O: Distal on femur

i. Calcaneal tuber (Achilles tendon)

F: Extensor of the tarsus; flexor of the stifle joint

57
Q

Soleus muscle

A

m. soleus

O: Fibula

I: Achilles tendon = tendo calcaneus communis

F: Extensor of the tarsus

58
Q

cranial tibial muscle

A

m. tibialis cranialis

O: Lateral condyle of tibia

I: Tarsal and metatarsal bones

F: Flexor of tarsus

59
Q

long fibular muscle

A

m. peroneus longus

O: Fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

I: plantar aspect, Tarsal (T1) or metatarsal bones (Mt 1)

F: Flexor of tarsus, draws limb inwards

60
Q

Third fibular muscle

A

m. peroneus tertius

O: Extensor fossa of femur

I: Tarsal and metatarsal bones

F: Flexor of tarsus, extensor of stifle joint

61
Q

long digital extensor muscle

A

m. extensor digitorum longus

O: Extensor fossa of femur

I: Extensor process of the distal phalanx

F: Extensor of the digits, extensor of stifle joint

62
Q

popliteal muscle

A

m. popliteus

O: Lateral condyle of femur

I: Medial border of tibia

F: Flexor of the stifle joint; draws limb inwards

63
Q

deep digital flexor muscles of the hindleg

A

sg. m. flexor digitorum profundus,
pl. mm. flexores digitorum profundi

3 heads:

  1. tibialis caudalis
  2. flexor digitorum mediale
  3. flexor digitorum laterale

O: The three heads lie on the caudal surface of the tibia and fibula from which they take origin. Caudal head from both bones, medial head from the tibia and lateral head from the fibula.

I: Deep digital flexor tendon, distal phalanx plantar aspect

F: Flexor of the digits

64
Q

Superficial gluteal muscle

A

m. gluteus superficialis

O: Gluteal fascia and sacrum

I: Greater and third trochanters = trochanter major and trochanter tertius

F: Extensor and flexor of the hip joint

65
Q

Deep gluteal muscle

A

m. gluteus profundus

O: Ischiatic spine = spina ischiadica

I: trochanter major

F: Draws limb outwards and backwards

66
Q

Tensor muscle of the fascia lata

A

m. tensor fasciae latae

O: tuber coxae

I: Fascia lata

F: Draws limb forwards, tensor of the fascia

67
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle

A

m. gastrocnemius

O: Distal on femur

I: Calcaneal tuber

F: Extensor of the tarsus; flexor of the stifle joint

68
Q

Soleus muscle

A

m. soleus

O: Fibula

I: Achilles tendon aka gastrocnemius tendon of insertion

F: Extensor of the tarsus

69
Q

The 5 muscles/tendons making up the achilles tendon?

A 
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
SDFT
gastrocnemius 
soleus
70
Q

biceps muscle of the thigh

A

m. biceps femoris

O: sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and tuber ischiadicum

I: splits into two tendons in ru and three tendons in eq.

into the crural fascia, ligaments of the stifle and tuber calcanei

A: extension, abduction and also tarsus extension

71
Q

Lateral digital extensor muscle of forelimb

A

m. extensor digitorum lateralis

O: epicondylus lateralis of humerus

I: middle phalanx

A: Extensor of digital joints

72
Q

To what point does the deep digital flexor tendon attach?

A

facies flexoria

73
Q

describe the stay apparatus of the forelimb specifically

A

Stay apparatus of forelimb incorporates lacertus fibrosus of musculus biceps brachii and musculus serratus ventralis.

74
Q

describe the suspensory apparatus and the 4 main ligamentous components

A

Ligamentous arrangement that prevents hyperextension of the fetlock joint.

The ligaments involved include:

  1. The suspensory ligament which runs on the back of the cannon bone.
  2. The extensor branches of the suspensory ligament that branch laterally and medially to insert on extensor process of P3.
  3. The superficial and deep digital flexor tendons supplement the suspensory ligament and are restricted by the accessory or ‘check’ ligaments (above and below the carpus/tarsus).
  4. The straight and oblique sesamoidean ligaments and sesamoids themselves.
75
Q

describe the stifle locking mechanism

A

also known as the patellar locking mechanism:

Via contraction of the quadriceps, the patella can be hooked over the medial trochlear ridge with lig. patellae mediale and intermedium.

76
Q

describe the reciprocal apparatus

A

Found in the hindlimb.

Synchronous flexion of stifle and hock using peroneus tertius and SDFT (superficial digital flexor tendon).

Veterinary anatomy in latin (29 decks)

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