Veterinary endocrine system Flashcards
Endocrine glands
gll. endocrinae
ductless glands
gll. sine ductibus
define autocrine
secreted substance affects the secreting cell itself (prostaglandins, growth factors)
define paracrine
substance affects neighboring cells (endorphins, interleukins)
define endocrine
substance released into blood stream
and affects distant target tissue (hormones)
define exocrine
substance that is released onto the
surface of the animal and other internal structures (sweat and salivary glands)
Thyroid gland
gl. thyroidea
main division and covering of thyroid
lobus: dexter et sinister
capsula fibrosa
thyroid vascularization
2 cranial thyroid arteries and 2 caudal thyroid arteries
thyroid size in average adult dog
each lobe is about 2 cm by 1 cm
translate glandular band and in which species
isthmus glandularis in Car, bo
connecting the caudal ends of the lobes
translate fibrous band and where
isthmus fibrosus is between the caudal ends of the lobes, is in eq at least
not present in other animals consistantly
unique to su and man thyroid
lobus pyramidis
variable median ventral lobe projecting cranially
Internal and external parathyroid gland
gl. parathyroidea: interna et externa
the cranial external parathyroid forms from
pharyngeal pouch III
the caudal internal parathyroid forms from
pharyngeal pouch IV
what size are parathyroid glands usually?
5…12 mm in length
what species have only single pair of parathyroids found cranial to thyroid gland
pigs and rats
what two types of cells are present in parathyroid glands
chief cells – basic type of secretory cells, synthesize and release PTH
oxyphil cells – no active function in the biosynthesis of hormone
2 alt. names for pituitary gland
hypophysis; gl. pituitaria
The pituitary gland location
in the sella turcica of the basisphenoid
adenohypophysis parenchyma has three parts:
pars tuberalis
pars intermedia
pars distalis
parts of the neurohypophysis
infundibulum
lobus nervosus
cavum hypophysis absent in which species
absent in eq
2 alt. names for the pineal gland
epiphysis, gl. pinealis
Where is pineal gland attached
to the roof of the III ventricle
name 2 parts of the pineal gland
corpus gl. pinealis
and rostrally located pedunculus
Adrenal gland
gl. adrenalis (sinistra et dextra)
the adrenal cortex is divided into three zones, name them and what they produce
zona glomerulosa: mineralcorticoids
zona fasisculata: glucocortiocids
zona reticularis: androgens
Pancreatic islets
insulae pancreaticae
islets of langerhans
pancretic islet cell types and the hormone produced
alpha cells: glucagon
beta cells: insulin
delta cells: somtatostatin
pp cells: pancretic polypeptide hormone
what are paraglanglia
clusters of extraadrenal medullary cells with neuroectodermal origin, found near the adrenal glands and near some blood vessels and nerves
what are paraganglia composed of
parenchymal cells and a plexus of sinusoidal capillaries called a glomus
act as chemoreceptors
translate carotid body and is what and where
glomus caroticum
a paraglangia found in the fascia at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery
monitors the concentration of oxygen in the blood
translate aortic body and is what and where
glomus aorticum
a paraglanglia that lies on the aortic arch, close to the origin of the brachiocephalic trunk
