Veterinary endocrine system Flashcards
Endocrine glands
gll. endocrinae
ductless glands
gll. sine ductibus
define autocrine
secreted substance affects the secreting cell itself (prostaglandins, growth factors)
define paracrine
substance affects neighboring cells (endorphins, interleukins)
define endocrine
substance released into blood stream
and affects distant target tissue (hormones)
define exocrine
substance that is released onto the
surface of the animal and other internal structures (sweat and salivary glands)
Thyroid gland
gl. thyroidea
main division and covering of thyroid
lobus: dexter et sinister
capsula fibrosa
thyroid vascularization
2 cranial thyroid arteries and 2 caudal thyroid arteries
thyroid size in average adult dog
each lobe is about 2 cm by 1 cm
translate glandular band and in which species
isthmus glandularis in Car, bo
connecting the caudal ends of the lobes
translate fibrous band and where
isthmus fibrosus is between the caudal ends of the lobes, is in eq at least
not present in other animals consistantly
unique to su and man thyroid
lobus pyramidis
variable median ventral lobe projecting cranially
Internal and external parathyroid gland
gl. parathyroidea: interna et externa
the cranial external parathyroid forms from
pharyngeal pouch III
the caudal internal parathyroid forms from
pharyngeal pouch IV
what size are parathyroid glands usually?
5…12 mm in length
what species have only single pair of parathyroids found cranial to thyroid gland
pigs and rats
what two types of cells are present in parathyroid glands
chief cells – basic type of secretory cells, synthesize and release PTH
oxyphil cells – no active function in the biosynthesis of hormone
2 alt. names for pituitary gland
hypophysis; gl. pituitaria
The pituitary gland location
in the sella turcica of the basisphenoid
adenohypophysis parenchyma has three parts:
pars tuberalis
pars intermedia
pars distalis
parts of the neurohypophysis
infundibulum
lobus nervosus
cavum hypophysis absent in which species
absent in eq
