Veterinary endocrine system

Question 1

Endocrine glands

Answer 1

gll. endocrinae

Question 2

ductless glands

Answer 2

gll. sine ductibus

Question 3

define autocrine

Answer 3

secreted substance affects the secreting
cell itself (prostaglandins, growth factors)

Question 4

define paracrine

Answer 4

substance affects neighboring cells (endorphins, interleukins)

Question 5

define endocrine

Answer 5

substance released into blood stream

and affects distant target tissue (hormones)

Question 6

define exocrine

Answer 6

substance that is released onto the

surface of the animal and other internal structures (sweat and salivary glands)

Question 7

Thyroid gland

Answer 7

gl. thyroidea

Question 8

main division and covering of thyroid

Answer 8

lobus: dexter et sinister

capsula fibrosa

Question 9

thyroid vascularization

Answer 9

2 cranial thyroid arteries and 2 caudal thyroid arteries

Question 10

thyroid size in average adult dog

Answer 10

each lobe is about 2 cm by 1 cm

Question 11

translate glandular band and in which species

Answer 11

isthmus glandularis in Car, bo

connecting the caudal ends of the lobes

Question 12

translate fibrous band and where

Answer 12

isthmus fibrosus is between the caudal ends of the lobes, is in eq at least
not present in other animals consistantly

Question 13

unique to su and man thyroid

Answer 13

lobus pyramidis

variable median ventral lobe projecting cranially

Question 14

Internal and external parathyroid gland

Answer 14

gl. parathyroidea: interna et externa

Question 15

the cranial external parathyroid forms from

Answer 15

pharyngeal pouch III

Question 16

the caudal internal parathyroid forms from

Answer 16

pharyngeal pouch IV

Question 17

what size are parathyroid glands usually?

Answer 17

5…12 mm in length

Question 18

what species have only single pair of parathyroids found cranial to thyroid gland

Answer 18

pigs and rats

Question 19

what two types of cells are present in parathyroid glands

Answer 19

chief cells – basic type of secretory cells, synthesize and release PTH

oxyphil cells – no active function in the biosynthesis of hormone

Question 20

2 alt. names for pituitary gland

Answer 20

hypophysis; gl. pituitaria

Question 21

The pituitary gland location

Answer 21

in the sella turcica of the basisphenoid

Question 22

adenohypophysis parenchyma has three parts:

Answer 22

pars tuberalis
pars intermedia
pars distalis

Question 23

parts of the neurohypophysis

Answer 23

infundibulum

lobus nervosus

Question 24

cavum hypophysis absent in which species

Answer 24

absent in eq

Question 25

2 alt. names for the pineal gland

Answer 25

epiphysis, gl. pinealis

Question 26

Where is pineal gland attached

Answer 26

to the roof of the III ventricle

Question 27

name 2 parts of the pineal gland

Answer 27

corpus gl. pinealis

and rostrally located pedunculus

Question 28

Adrenal gland

Answer 28

gl. adrenalis (sinistra et dextra)

Question 29

the adrenal cortex is divided into three zones, name them and what they produce

Answer 29

zona glomerulosa: mineralcorticoids
zona fasisculata: glucocortiocids
zona reticularis: androgens

Question 30

Pancreatic islets

Answer 30

insulae pancreaticae

islets of langerhans

Question 31

pancretic islet cell types and the hormone produced

Answer 31

alpha cells: glucagon
beta cells: insulin
delta cells: somtatostatin
pp cells: pancretic polypeptide hormone

Question 32

what are paraglanglia

Answer 32

clusters of extraadrenal medullary cells with neuroectodermal origin, found near the adrenal glands and near some blood vessels and nerves

Question 33

what are paraganglia composed of

Answer 33

parenchymal cells and a plexus of sinusoidal capillaries called a glomus

act as chemoreceptors

Question 34

translate carotid body and is what and where

Answer 34

glomus caroticum

a paraglangia found in the fascia at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery

monitors the concentration of oxygen in the blood

Question 35

translate aortic body and is what and where

Answer 35

glomus aorticum

a paraglanglia that lies on the aortic arch, close to the origin of the brachiocephalic trunk