Veterinary lymphatic system Flashcards
1
Q
Lymphatic system
A
systema lymphaticum
2
Q
name 4 primary or central lymphoid tissues
A
bone marrow (mammals),
cloacal bursa (birds),
thymus and
fetal liver
3
Q
name 3 cell tpes that populate secondary lymphoid organs
A
lymphocytes,
macrophages and
dendritic cells
4
Q
name 5 secondary or peripheral lymphoid tissues
A
lymph nodes,
spleen,
mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT-system),
tonsils,
regional lymphoid tissue etc
5
Q
lymphatic system has what three functions
A
immune defence
removal of interstitial fluid from tissues
transport of fats
6
Q
lymphangion definition
A
is the functional unit of a lymph vessel that lies between two semilunar valves.
Lymph vessels are channels larger than the lymph capillaries that have thicker walls, valves in their lumen and smooth muscles in their walls, thus lymph vessel lymphangion is muscular and capable of contracting on its own.
7
Q
2 latin terms for lymph node
A
lymphonodus; nodus lymphaticus
8
Q
translate and define lymphocentre
A
lymphocentrum
a lymph node or a group nodes that occurs constantly in the same region and receives vessels from the same region in all species;
Car and Ru have rather large nodes,
eq has small nodes packeted together
9
Q
translate lymph and describe its composition
A
lympha
the clear yellowish fluid, generally pale and
contains lymphocytes and proteins.
10
Q
the lymph formed in the digestive system is called what and describe its composition
A
chyle, is rich in triglycerides (fat), and is milky white
11
Q
lymphatic vessels
A
vasa lymphatica
12
Q
what are vasa lymphatica?
A
channels larger than the lymph capillaries and with thicker walls, valves in their lumen and smooth muscles in their walls.
They converges on two or three large trunks that open into chylic cistern or major veins.
13
Q
difference between lymph capillaries and lymph vessels other than size?
A
lymph capillaries are mainly responsible for the absorption of interstitial fluid from the tissues,
while lymph vessels propel the absorbed fluid forward into the larger collecting ducts
14
Q
transalte Thoracic duct & function?
A
ductus thoracicus
is the major lymph-collecting channel for return of lymph to the bloodstream
15
Q
where does the thoracic duct start?
A
starts near the aortic hiatus from chylic cisterna
16
Q
what does the thoracic duct join cranially?
A
cranial vena cava or the left jugular vein
at cranial thoracic aperture
17
Q
2 latin terms for tracheal trunk
A
truncus trachealis
[truncus jugularis]
18
Q
where does the tracheal trunk originate?
where does it empty?
A
truncus trachealis [truncus jugularis]
originates from the retropharyngeal lymph nodes (except eq)
Usually the right duct ends in right lymphatic duct,
the left in thoracic duct, but may empty directly into the jugular vein.
19
Q
right lymphatic duct
A
ductus lymphaticus dexter
20
Q
where is the right lymphatic duct located?
and where does it lead?
A
ductus lymphaticus dexter
lymphatic vessel in the right-caudal part of the neck
drains cervical, thoracic and axillary nodes and right tracheal trunk
joins with cranial vena cava or one of its branches
21
Q
Chylic cistern
A
cisterna chyli
22
Q
what is the chylic cistern?
A
cisterna chyli
is lymphatic sac dorsal to abdominal aorta and collects lymph from visceral, and lumbar trunks
(drains the abdomen, hind limbs and the pelvic regions)
23
Q
What are lymph nodes surrounded by?
A
connective tissue capsula
contains some elastic and smooth muscle fibers
24
Q
afferent lymph vessels
A
vasa lymphatica afferentia
25
lymph sinus
sinus lymphaticus
26
where do afferent lymph vessels open into?
vasa lymphatica afferentia
open into subcapsular lymph sinus at different sites
27
efferent lymph vessels
vasa lymphatica efferentia
28
which species lymph node hilus is the site for entry of afferent lymph vessels (in addition to blood vessels & nerves)
su
29
which species lymph node hilus is the site for entry of efferent lymph vessels (in addition to blood vessels & nerves)
Car, Ru, eq
30
lymphatic nodules
lymphonodulus
31
the lymph node cortex contains what ?
primary and secundary lymphatic nodules
(lymphonodulus) with germinal centres
32
the lymph node medulla consists of ?
looser branching cellular cords
plasma cells,
lymphocytes and
macrophages attached to reticular fibers
and sinuses
33
What is unique about the lymph nodes of sus scrofa?
the tissue of the lymph nodes of su shows a reversal of the usual flow pattern
34
in su where is the lymphatic hilus located?
in su the hilus is on the concave surface
34
afferent lymphatic vessels enter the nodes on what surface?
the convex surface of the organ
35
afferent lymphatic vessels enter from the convex surface of the organ and open into the?
subcapsular sinus.
36
what are hemal lymph nodes? and where are they found?
resemble lymph nodes but their sinuses are filled with blood. They have functions like those of the spleen
hemal lymph nodes occur under the peritoneum along the vertebral column, in some viscera in Ru, eq, su;
37
parotid lymphocentre
lymphocentrum parotideum
38
where is the parotid lymphocentre and what does it drain?
lymphocentrum parotideum
near the parotid gland, drains the cranial regions
39
superficial parotid lymph nodes
lnn. parotidei superficiales
40
deep parotid lymph nodes and found in which species
lnn. parotidei profundi; su
41
mandibular lymphocentre
lc. mandibulare
lc. = lymphocentrum
42
where is the mandibular lymphocentre and what does it drain?
lc. mandibulare
in the caudal half of intermandibular region, drains the facial regions
43
mandibular lymph nodes
lnn. mandibulares
44
accessory mandibular lymph nodes and found in which species
lnn. mandibulares accessorii; su
45
retropharyngeal lymphocentre
lc. retropharyngeum
lc. = lymphocentrum
46
where is the retropharyngeal lymphocentre and what does it drain?
lc. retropharyngeum
in retromandibular fossa, drains the deep structures of the head
47
medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes
lnn. retropharyngei mediales
48
lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes
lnn. retropharyngei laterales
49
superficial cervical lymphocentre
lc. cervicale superficiale
50
where is the superficial cervical lymphocentre and what does it drain?
lc. cervicale superficiale
in front of the shoulder, drains thoracic wall and thoracic limb
51
superficial cervical lymph nodes
lnn. cervicales superficiales
52
superficial cervical lymph nodes are found in what species?
lnn. cervicales superficiales
ca, Ru, eq
53
dorsal superficial cervical lymph nodes
lnn. cervicales superficiales dorsales
54
dorsal superficial cervical lymph nodes are found in what species?
lnn. cervicales superficiales dorsales
fe, su
55
medial superficial cervical lymph nodes
lnn. cervicales superficiales medii
56
medial superficial cervical lymph nodes are found in what species?
lnn. cervicales superficiales medii
su
57
ventral superficial cervical lymph nodes
lnn. cervicales superficiales ventrales
58
ventral superficial cervical lymph nodes are found in what species?
lnn. cervicales superficiales ventrales
fe, su
59
deep cervical lymphocentre
lc. cervicale profundum
60
where is the deep cervical lymphocentre and what does it drain?
lc. cervicale profundum
chain of nodes along trachea, draining the deep cervical structures
61
deep cervical lymph nodes
lnn. cervicales profundi
62
axillary lymphocentre
lc. axillare
63
where is the axillary lymphocentre and what does it drain?
lc. axillare
within the axilla on the medial muscles of the shoulder, drains the lateral thoracic wall and the thoracic limb
64
proper axillary lymph nodes
lnn. axillares proprii
65
axillary lymph nodes of the first rib
lnn. axillares primae costae
66
accessory axillary lymph node
ln. axillaris accessorius
67
In What species are accessory axillary lymph nodes found?
ln. axillaris accessorius
Car, eq
bo, ov
basically everyone except pigs
68
cubital lymph nodes
lnn. cubitales
eq, ov
69
In what species are cubital lymph nodes found?
lnn. cubitales
eq, ov
70
dorsal thoracic lymphocentre
lc. thoracicum dorsale
71
Where is the dorsal thoracic lymphocentre and what does it drain?
lc. thoracicum dorsale
is along the dorsal aspect of thoracic aorta,
primarily drains the dorsal and lateral parts of the thoracic wall
72
thoracic aortic lymph nodes
which species are they absent in
lnn. thoracici aortici
absent in ca and sometimes fe
73
intercostal lymph nodes
which species are they absent in?
lnn. intercostales
inconstant in general,
may be absent in Car, su
74
ventral thoracic lymphocentre
lc. thoracicum ventrale
75
where is the ventral thoracic lymphocentre and what does it drain?
lc. thoracicum ventrale
along the dorsal aspect of sternum,
drains the ventral and lateral thoracic wall, diaphragm, mediastinum
76
sternal lymph nodes
lnn. sternales
77
mediastinal lymphocentre
lc. mediastinale
78
translate mediastinal lymphocentre and what does it drain?
lc. mediastinale
drains thoracic wall and and organs
79
cranial mediastinal lymph nodes
lnn. mediastinales craniales
80
translate medial mediastinal lymph nodes and in which species are they absent
lnn. mediastinales medii
absent in Car, su, sometimes eq
81
translate caudal mediastinal lymph nodes and in which species are they absent
lnn. mediastinales caudales
absent in Car, sometimes in eq
82
bronchial lymphocentre
lc. bronchale
lc. = lymphocentrum
83
where is the bronchial lymphocentre and what does it drain?
lc. bronchale
located about the tracheal bifurcation, drains organs in thoracic cavity
84
translate right tracheobronchial lymph nodes
inconstant in what species?
lnn. tracheobronchales [bifurcationis] dextri
inconstant in Ru
85
left tracheobronchial lymph nodes
lnn. tracheobronchales [bifurcationis] sinistri
86
middle tracheobronchial lymph nodes
inconstant in what species?
lnn. tracheobronchales [bifurcationis] medii
inconstant in Ru
87
cranial tracheobronchial lymph nodes
found in what species?
lnn. tracheobronchales craniales
su, Ru
88
bronchial lymphocentre includes what 4 nodes?
cranial tracheobronchial lymph nodes
right tracheobronchial lymph nodes
left tracheobronchial lymph nodes
middle tracheobronchial lymph nodes
89
mediastinal lymphocentre includes what 3 nodes?
cranial mediastinal lymph nodes
medial mediastinal lymph nodes
caudal mediastinal lymph nodes
90
dorsal thoracic lymphocentre includes what 2 nodes?
thoracic aortic lymph nodes
intercostal lymph nodes
91
axillary lymphocentre includes what 4 nodes?
proper axillary lymph nodes
axillary lymph nodes of the first rib
accessory axillary lymph node
cubital lymph nodes
92
superficial cervical lymphocentre includes what 4 nodes?
though not all found in all species
superficial cervical lymph nodes
dorsal superficial cervical lymph nodes
medial superficial cervical lymph nodes
ventral superficial cervical lymph nodes
93
lumbar lymphocentre
lc. lumbale
94
where is the lumbar lymphocentre and what does it drain?
lc. lumbale
along abdominal aorta and caudal vena cava.
Drains the deep layers of the dorsal wall and organs of lumbar region
95
lumbar aortic lymph nodes
lnn. lumbales aortici
96
renal lymph nodes
lnn. renales
97
what nodes belong to the lumbar lymphocentre
lumbar aortic lymph nodes
renal lymph nodes
98
celiac lymphocentre
lc. celiacum
99
where is the celiac lymphocentre and what does it drain?
lc. celiacum
its along the celiac artery and its branches.
Drains the intrathoracically located abdominal organs and also thoracic organs
(ca, su, eq)
100
what nodes belong to the celiac lymphocentre (9)
celiac lymph nodes
gastric lymph nodes
lienal lymph nodes
hepatic lymph nodes
pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes
right and left ruminal lymph nodes
reticular lymph nodes
omasial lymph nodes
dorsal and ventral abomasial lymph nodes
101
celiac lymph nodes
lnn. celiaci
102
lienal lymph nodes
lnn. lienales
103
gastric lymph nodes
lnn. gastrici
104
right and left ruminal lymph nodes
lnn. ruminales: dextri et sinistri
105
reticular lymph nodes
lnn. reticulares
106
omasial lymph nodes
lnn. omasiales
107
dorsal and ventral abomasial lymph nodes
lnn. abomasiales: dorsales et ventrales
108
hepatic lymph nodes
lnn. hepatici [portales]
109
pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes
lnn. pancreaticoduodenales
110
cranial mesenteric lymphocentre
lc. mesentericum craniale
111
where is the cranial mesenteric lymphocentre and what does it drain?
lc. mesentericum craniale
along cranial mesenteric artery and its branches.
Drains the organs supplied by those arteries
112
which nodes belong to the cranial mesenteric lymphocentre (4)
cranial mesenteric lymph nodes
cecal lymph nodes
colic lymph nodes
jejunal lymph nodes
113
cranial mesenteric lymph nodes
and absent in which species?
lnn. mesenterici craniales
absent in Car
114
jejunal lymph nodes
lnn. jejunales
115
cecal lymph nodes
found in what species?
lnn. cecales
cats, horses, ruminants
116
colic lymph nodes
lnn. colici
117
caudal mesenteric lymphocentre
lc. mesentericum caudale
118
where is the caudal mesenteric lymphocentre and what does it drain
lc. mesentericum caudale
along caudal mesenteric artery and its branches.
Drains the descending colon and rectum
119
caudal mesenteric lymph nodes
lnn. mesenterici caudales
120
iliosacral lymphocentre
lc. iliosacrale
121
where is the iliosacral lymphocentre and what does it drain
lc. iliosacrale
at pelvic surface of the sacrum and the terminal segments of aorta. Drains the pelvic wall, pelvic organs and distal lymph centres
122
which nodes belong to the iliosacral lymphocentre (5)
medial iliac lymph nodes
lateral iliac lymph nodes
sacral lymph nodes
hypogastric lymph nodes
anorectal lymph nodes
123
medial iliac lymph nodes
lnn. iliaci mediales
124
sacral lymph nodes
lnn. sacrales
unpaired and inconstant
125
latin for lateral iliac lymph nodes and absent in which species
lnn. iliaci laterales
absent in Car,
sometimes in su, Ru
126
hypogastric lymph nodes
lnn. hypogastrici
inconstant
127
anorectal lymph nodes
lnn. anorectales
128
anorectal lymph nodes absent in which species?
where are these nodes located?
absent in Car, sometimes in su, ov
retroperitoneally
129
iliofemoral or deep inguinal lymphocentre
lc. iliofemorale
or
lc. [inguinale profundum]
130
where is the iliofemoral or deep inguinal lymphocentre and what does it drain
lc. iliofemorale [inguinale profundum]
is along the external iliac or femoral artery.
Drains the thigh and receives lymph from popliteal lymph centre.
131
iliofemoral lymph nodes (2 names)
lnn. iliofemorales
lnn. [inguinales profundi]
132
inguinofemoral or superficial inguinal lymphocentre
lc. inguinofemorale [inguinale superficiale]
133
where is the inguinofemoral or superficial inguinal lymphocentre and what does it drain
lc. inguinofemorale [inguinale superficiale]
in lateral and caudal abdominal regions.
Drains the abdominal and ventral pelvic walls, the superficial parts of thigh and the external genital organs.
134
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
lnn. inguinales superficiales
135
in males, what are the superficial inguinal lymph nodes also called?
lnn. inguinales superficiales
also named scrotal lymph nodes (lnn. scrotales)
136
in females, what are the superficial inguinal lymph nodes also called?
lnn. inguinales superficiales
also named mammary lymph nodes (lnn. mammarii)
137
subiliac lymph nodes and absent in whichi species?
lnn. subiliaci
absent in ca
138
which nodes belong to the inguinofemoral or superficial inguinal lymphocentre
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
(scrotal lymph nodes)
(mammary lymph nodes)
subiliac lymph nodes
138
ischial lymphocentre
lc. ischiadicum
139
where is the ischial lymphocentre and what does it drain
lc. ischiadicum
at the lateral aspect of the sacrosciatic ligament.
Drains the regional musculature and skin.
140
ischial lymph nodes and absent in which species
lnn. ischiadici
absent in ca
141
popliteal lymphocentre
lc. popliteum
142
where is the popliteal lymphocentre and what does it drain
lc. popliteum
within the popliteal fossa of the knee, drains the distal parts of the pelvic limb
143
which nodes belong to the popliteal lymphocentre
deep popliteal lymph nodes
lnn. poplitei profundi
superficial popliteal lymph nodes
lnn. poplitei superficiales
144
latin for deep popliteal lymph nodes found in which species
lnn. poplitei profundi
in Un, may be absent in su
145
latin for superficial popliteal lymph nodes and found in which species
lnn. poplitei superficiales
Car, su
146
Tonsils
tonsillae
147
name the tonsillar ring of the pharynx
Waldeyer´s tonsillar ring
can be composed of up to six tonsils. The presence and location of these tonsils vary, however, according to the animal species.
148
what do tonsils not have?
afferent lymphatics
149
efferent lymphatics from the tonsils drain to?
the mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes
150
latin for lingual tonsil and location
tonsilla lingualis
is located bilaterally on the root of the tongue, but is not macroscopically visible
well developed in eq and bo
151
latin for tubar tonsil, and occurs where in what species?
tonsilla tubaria
occurs in su and Ru at the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube
152
latin for pharyngeal tonsil, and occurs where in what species?
tonsilla pharyngea
on the caudodorsal wall of the nasopharynx in most species
in su and Ru on the septum of the internal nares
153
latin for palatine tonsil, and absent in what species?
location of this tonsil?
tonsilla palatina
absent in su
location: related to the lateral attachment of the soft palate between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
in Car it is located in a tonsillar fossa
154
latin for paraepiglottic tonsil, and occurs where in what species?
tonsilla paraepiglottica
fe, su, ov, cap
lateral to the base of the epiglottis
155
latin for tonsil of the soft palate, and occurs where in what species?
tonsilla veli palatini
su, eq (and others according some schematics)
mass of follicles on the oral surface of the soft palate
156
Name the (3) tonsils found in canines
tonsilla palatina
tonsilla pharyngea
tonsilla lingualis
(some sources claim dogs also have tonsilla veli palatini)
157
Name the (4) tonsils found in felines
tonsilla palatina
tonsilla paraepiglottica
tonsilla pharyngea
tonsilla lingualis
158
Name the (5) tonsils found in bovines
tonsilla lingualis
tonsilla palatina
tonsilla pharyngea
tonsilla tubaria
tonsilla veli palatini
159
Name the (5) tonsils found in equine
tonsilla lingualis
tonsilla palatina
tonsilla pharyngea
tonsilla tubaria
tonsilla veli palatini
160
Name the (5) tonsils found in swine
tonsilla lingualis
tonsilla paraepiglottica
tonsilla pharyngea
tonsilla tubaria
tonsilla veli palatini
161
where is the spleen attached and by what
lies vertically on the left side of the cranial abdomen.
attached to the greater curvature of the stomach by lig. gastrolienale
162
lienal trabeculae
trabeculae lienis
163
what spleenal ligament is unique to equine?
the renosplenic ligament
lig. lienorenale
between the spleen and left kidney
164
surface of spleen has which has hilus is called what in latin?
facies medialis/visceralis
165
what is the convex surface of the spleen called?
facies parietalis
166
splenix medial surface is further divided into what 3 parts?
dorsally located facies renalis; absent in Ru
cranially located facies gastrica, which in Ru is the entire visceral surface
and facies intestinalis; absent in Ru
167
latin for lienal hilus and is what shape in Car, su, eq?
hilus lienis
is a longitudinal ridge in (Car, su, eq)
168
hilus lienis is what shape in (Ru)
(hilus lienis) is a round depression in (Ru)
169
name the extremities of the spleen in latin
extremitas dorsalis
extremitas ventralis
170
shape of the spleen in Carnivores is?
in Car elongated and dumb-bell shaped, larger ventrally
171
shape of the spleen in Ru?
in Ru is flat and oblong shaped
172
shape of the spleen in su?
in su elongated and strap-like under the last few ribs
173
where does the spleen lie in equine?
in eq it lies under the last three ribs,
is dorsally broad but narrows as it extends cranially and ventrally.
On rectal palpation it is located against the body wall and feels smooth with a sharp border.
174
the splenic parenchyma, the red and the white pulp, are separated by
the marginal sinus
175
red lienal pulp
pulpa lienis rubra
176
what type of parenchyma makes up 4/5 of the spleen?
red lienal pulp (pulpa lienis rubra)
makes up the majority of the spleen and is composed of a network of cell cords and venous sinuses.
The splenic cords contain macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and other mature blood cells.
177
white lienal pulp
pulpa lienis alba
is organised in relation to the splenic arterioles and consists of discrete lymphatic tissue surrounding a central arteriole
178
what hormone does the thymus produce in adult animals?
what is the function of that hormone?
in adult animals it continues to function as an endocrine gland and produces the hormone thymosin
which stimulates the activity of the T-lymphocytes
179
thymal lobules
lobuli thymi
180
name the lobes of the thymus
right and left cervical lobes
intermedial lobe
thoracic lobe
181
latin for right and left cervical lobes of the thymus and location of these lobes
absent in which species?
lobus cervicalis: dexter et sinister
extend cranially along both sides of trachea
large in su and Ru,
usually small in fe and eq
and absent in ca
182
latin for thoracic lobe of the thymus
location of this lobe?
lobus thoracicus
located in the ventral (Car, su, eq) part of cranial mediastinum
or dorsal (Ru) part of cranial mediastinum
183
latin for intermedial lobeof the thymus and location of this lobe?
lobus intermedius
is the bridge of thymic tissue through cranial thoracic aperture, connecting the cervical lobes with thoracic lobe
184
what is referred to as the thymal cortex?
what does it produce?
the cortex is the peripheral part of the lobules
consisting mainly of an epithelial reticulum and
produces immunocompetent T-lymphocytes
185
what is referred to as the thymic medulla ?
what is the function?
the medulla is the central part of the thymic lobules,
contain thymic corpuscles also known as Hassall´s corpuscles
the function is not clearly established yet
186
1-3
1. capsula
2. trabeculae
3. cortex
187
4-6
4 – lymphatic nodules, lymphonodulus
5 – afferent lymphatic vessel, vasa lymphatica afferentia
6 – medullary region, medulla;
188
7-9
7 – efferent lymphatic vessel, vasa lymphatica efferentia
8 – hilus
9 – lobule, lobulus
189
Name the organ, and name which species each belongs to from left to right.
thymus
Canine
Sus scrofa
Bovine
Equine
190
1-4
1. Lnn. parotidei superficiales - superficial parotid lymph nodes
2. Lnn. retropharyngei laterales - lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes
3. Lnn. retropharyngei mediales - medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes
4. Truncus trachealis - tracheal trunk
191
5-8
5. Lnn. cervicales superficiales - superficial cervical lymph nodes
6. Lnn. intercostales - intercostal lymph nodes
7. Lymphocentrum bronchale - bronchial lymph centre
8. Ductus thoracicus - thoracic duct
192
9-12
9. Cisterna chyli - chyle cistern
10. Lnn. lumbales aortici - lumbal aortic lymph nodes
11. Trunci lumbales - lumbal trunks
12. Lnn. colici - colic lymph nodes
193
13-16
13. Lnn. iliaci mediales - medial iliac lymph nodes
14. Lnn. sacrales - sacral lymph nodes
15. Lnn. mesenterici caudales - caudal mesenteric lymph nodes
16. Lnn. inguinales superficiales - superficial inguinal lymph nodes
194
17-20
17. Lnn. poplitei superficiales - superficial popliteal lymph nodes
18. Lnn. jejunales - jejunal lymph nodes
19. Lnn. lienales - splenic lymph nodes
20. Lnn. pancreaticoduodenales - pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes
195
21-24
21. Lnn. gastrici - gastric lymph nodes
22. Lnn. hepatici - hepatic lymph nodes
23. Ln. axillaris accessorius - accessory axillary lymph node
24. Lnn. axillares - axillary lymph nodes
196
25-28
25. Lnn. sternales craniales - cranial sternal lymph nodes
26. Lnn. mediastinales craniales - cranial mediastinal lymph nodes
27. Lnn. cervicales profundi medii - middle deep cervical lymph nodes
28. Lnn. mandibulares - mandibular lymph nodes
197
1-2, 4-5
1. Lnn. parotidei superficiales
superficial parotid lymph nodes
2. Lnn. retropharyngei laterales
lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes
4. Lnn. cervicales superficiales dorsales et ventrales
dorsal and ventral superficial cervical lymph nodes
5. Lnn. cervicales superficiales medii
middle superficial cervical lymph nodes
198
17, 19, 20, 26
17. Lnn. ischiadici
ischial lymph nodes
19. Lnn. poplitei superficiales
superficial popliteal lymph nodes
20. Lnn. subiliaci
subiliac lymph nodes
26. Lnn. mandibulares accessorii
accessory mandibular lymph nodes
199
3,6-8
3. Lnn. retropharyngei mediales
medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes
6. Lnn. cervicales profundi craniales
cranial deep cervical lymph nodes
7. Lnn. cervicales profundi caudales
caudal deep cervical lymph nodes
8. Lnn. mediastinales craniales
cranial mediastinal lymph nodes
200
9-12
9. Lnn. thoracici aortici
thoracic aortic lymph nodes
10. Lnn. renales
renal lymph nodes
11. Trunci lumbales
lumbal trunks
12. Lnn. lumbales aortici
lumbal aortic lymph nodes
201
13-16
13. Lnn. iliaci laterales
ateral iliac lymph nodes
14. Lnn. iliaci mediales
medial iliac lymph nodes
15. Lnn. sacrales
sacral lymph nodes
16. Lnn. anorectales
anorectal lymph nodes
202
18, 21-23
18. Lnn. inguinales superficiales
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
21. Lnn. mediastinales caudales
caudal mediastinal lymph nodes
22. Lnn. tracheobronchales sinistri
left tracheobronchial lymph nodes
23. Lnn. sternales craniales
cranial sternal lymph nodes
203
24-27
24. Lnn. axillares primae costae lymph nodes of the first rib
25. Ductus thoracicus thoracic duct
26. Lnn. mandibulares accessorii accessory mandibular lymph nodes
27. Lnn. mandibulares mandibular lymph nodes
204
1, 3, 31
1. Lnn. parotidei superficiales
superficial parotid lymph nodes
3. Lnn. retropharyngei laterales
lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes
31. Lnn. mandibulares
mandibular lymph nodes
205
6, 26, 27
6. Lnn. cervicales superficiales
superficial cervical lymph nodes
twenty six. Lnn. axillares proprii
proper axillary lymph nodes
twenty seven. Lnn. axillares primae costae
lymph node of the first rib
206
17, 19, 21
17. Lnn. ischiadici
ischial lymph nodes
19. Lnn. poplitei profundi
deep popliteal lymph nodes
21. Lnn. subiliaci
subiliac lymph nodes
207
2-5
2. Lnn. retropharyngei mediales
medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes
3. Lnn. retropharyngei laterales
lateral retropharyngeal lymph nodes
4. Lnn. cervicales profundi craniales
cranial deep cervical lymph nodes
5. Lnn. cervicales profundi medii
middle deep cervical lymph nodes
208
7-10
7. Ln. costocervicalis
costocervical lymph node
8. Lnn. intercostales
intercostal lymph nodes
9. Lnn. thoracici aortici
thoracic aortic lymph nodes
10. Lnn. renales
renal lymph nodes
209
11-14
11. Lnn. lumbales aortici lumbal aortic lymph nodes
12. Lnn. iliaci laterales lateral iliac lymph nodes
13. Lnn. iliaci mediales medial iliac lymph nodes
14. Lnn. sacrales sacral lymph nodes
210
15, 16, 18, 20
15. Lnn. mesenterici caudales
caudal mesenteric lymph nodes
16. Lnn. anorectales
anorectal lymph nodes
18. Lnn. inguinales superficiales
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
20. Lnn. iliofemorales [Lnn. inguinales profundi]
iliofemoral lymph nodes [deep inguinal lymph nodes]
211
22-25
22. Lnn. mediastinales caudales
caudal mediastinal lymph nodes
23. Lnn. tracheobronchales sinistri
left tracheobronchial lymph nodes
24. Lnn. sternales caudales
caudal sternal lymph nodes
25. Lnn. mediastinales craniales
cranial mediastinal lymph nodes
212
28-31
28. Lnn. sternales craniales
cranial sternal lymph nodes
29. Lnn. cervicales profundi caudales
caudal deep cervical lymph nodes
30. Ductus thoracicus
thoracic duct
31. Lnn. mandibulares
mandibular lymph nodes
213
1-4
1. Lnn. mediastinales craniales
cranial mediastinal lymph nodes
2. Lnn. tracheobronchales craniales
cranial tracheobronchial lymph nodes
3. Lnn. tracheobronchales dextri
right tracheobronchial lymph nodes
4. Lnn. tracheobronchales medii
middle tracheobronchial lymph nodes
214
5-8
5. Lnn. tracheobronchales sinistri
left tracheobronchial lymph nodes
6. Lnn. mediastinales caudales
caudal mediastinal lymph nodes
7. Trachea
8. Bronchus trachealis
215
Name the 3 ligaments found on the equine spleen.
From top to bottom:
lig. lienorenale
lig. phrenicolienale
lig. gastrolienale
