Digestive 4. (duodenum - rectum)

Question 1

Small intestine in latin

Answer 1

intestinum tenue

Question 2

the duodenum and jejunum are attached by what to where?

Answer 2

by the mesoduodenum and mesojejunum = mesentary to the abdominal roof

Question 3

duodenum made up of what parts

Answer 3

pars cranialis, -descendens, -transversa and -ascendens

Question 4

the bile and pancreatic duct opens into what via what?

Answer 4

into pars cranialis of the duodenum via major duodenal papilla (papilla duodeni major)

Question 5

the accessory pancreatic duct opens into what via what?

Answer 5

into pars descendens of the duodenum via the minor duodenal papilla (papilla duodeni minor)

Question 6

in what part of the GI tract does most of the absorption of nutrients take place?

Answer 6

the jejunum

Question 7

what structure can be found between the ileum and cecum?

Answer 7

the ileocecal fold (plica ileocecalis)

Question 8

translate ileal opening and its found on what?

Answer 8

ostium ileale found on the papilla ilealis

ileal papilla is also known as the ileocecal valve

Question 9

Large intestine in latin

Answer 9

intestinum crassum (also called the hindgut in zoology)

Question 10

the longitudinal smooth muscle layer in large intestine of eq and su is gathered into separate, powerful muscle bands called?

Answer 10

Teniae coli

Question 11

what parts does the large intestine consist of?

Answer 11

cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal

Question 12

what junction allows the cecum and colon to communicate?

Answer 12

the cecocolic orifice (ostium cecocolicum)

Question 13

usually the cecum lies to right of the abdomen. In what species does it lie to the left?

Answer 13

pigs

Question 14

what parts does the cecum consist of?

Answer 14

basis, corpus et apex ceci

Question 15

what makes the car cecum unusual?

Answer 15

it has no direct connection with the ileum and is short and drawn into a spiral

Question 16

location/position of the equine cecum

Answer 16

dorsal right flank, extends cranially, apex reaches the xiphoid process region

Question 17

the eq and su cecums are distinctive for what?

Answer 17

teniae ceci and sacculations (made by haustra ceci)

Question 18

how many teniae ceci do eq and su have resepctively?

Answer 18

4 and 3

Question 19

how many teniae coli do eq have?

Answer 19

3

Question 20

name the caudal recesses of the abdominal cavity in order from dorsal to ventral

Answer 20

Excavatio rectogenitalis
Excavatio vesicogenitalis
Excavatio pubovesicalis

Question 21

function of the colon?

Answer 21

the site to retrieve nutrients remaining in digesta before excretion (water and electrolytes) and to store feces (excrement or “stercus”)

Question 22

name the parts of the colon

Answer 22

colon ascendens, -transversum and -descendens

Question 23

in Car where does the short ascending colon pass?

Answer 23

cranially on the right side

Question 24

where does the transverse colon run?

Answer 24

runs from right to left, cranial to the root of the mesentery

Question 25

where does the descending colon run?

Answer 25

colon descendens follows the left flank caudally and in pelvic cavity it is continued as the rectum without other visible demarcation

Question 26

What structure can be found connecting the descending colon and ascending duodenum?

Answer 26

the duodenocolic fold (plica duodenocolica)

Question 27

in su the ascending colon is long and convoluted, forming a conical mass on the left side – what is this called?

Answer 27

the spiral loop of the colon (ansa spiralis coli)

Question 28

translate into latin: centripetal and centrifugal turns and what is the difference between these terms

Answer 28

gyri centripetales and gyri centrifugales centripetal is towards the center of the circle centrifugal pushes away from the center

Question 29

the swine's centripetal outer intestinal loops have what detail that are absent in the smaller, centrifugal coils?

Answer 29

2 longitudinal teniae (teniae coli)

Question 30

the ruminant ascending colon is comprised of what 3 main parts?

Answer 30

ansa proximalis coli ansa spiralis coli ansa distalis coli

Question 31

translate central flexure and part of what?

Answer 31

flexura centralis is found in the spiral loop of the ruminant ascending colon

Question 32

name the S-shaped curve just cranial to the rectum in bovine

Answer 32

sigmoid colon (colon sigmoideum)

Question 33

What gives the veterinarian’s arm greater mobility during rectal examination in ruminants?

Answer 33

the greater length of the mesocolon and the looseness of the sigmoid flexure

Question 34

What is unique to the equine colon?

Answer 34

consists of a long ascending colon, that is a U-shaped loop and doubled on itself

Question 35

equine transverse colon passes where?

Answer 35

is short and passes right to left cranially to the root of the mesentery

Question 36

eq transverse colon has how many teniae

Answer 36

2 teniae

Question 37

translate the descending colon

Answer 37

colon tenue ( = colon-"small")

Question 38

translate eq ascending colon

Answer 38

colon crassum

Question 39

the long eq ascending colon is divided into what parts:

Answer 39

neck of the colon (collum coli) right ventral colon (colon ventrale dextrum) sternal flexure (flexura sternalis) ``` left ventral colon (colon ventrale sinistrum) pelvic flexure (flexura pelvina) left dorsal colon (colon dorsale sinistrum) ``` ``` diaphragmatic flexure (flexura diaphragmatica) right dorsal colon (colon dorsale dextrum which is also the ampulla coli) ```

Question 40

in what species is the ostium cecocolicum strongest to prevent retrograde flow?

Answer 40

equine

Question 41

three terms that may be used when referring to the large intestine

Answer 41

cecum, colon, intestinum crassum

Question 42

Another name for the cecum (or caecum)

Answer 42

blind gut ( -caecal/-cecal as an adjective)

Question 43

cranial duodenal flexure

Answer 43

flexura duodeni cranialis

Question 44

common location for enteroliths in equine

Answer 44

ampulla coli

Question 45

which part of the eq ascending colon is easily rectally palpated

Answer 45

pelvic flexure (flexura pelvina)

Question 46

another term for rectum

Answer 46

proktos

Question 47

the rectum is completed embedded in what

Answer 47

fat

Question 48

distal rectal dilation

Answer 48

ampulla recti

Question 49

what are the short longitudinal folds of mucosa coming from the anorectal line, in ru, called?

Answer 49

rectum columns (columnae rectales)

Question 50

name the sphincters of the anal canal

Answer 50

m. sphincter ani internus | m. sphincter ani externus

Question 51

how do the 2 anal sphincters differ from each other, other than location?

Answer 51

the internal sphincter is a thickening of the circular smooth muscle of the gut the external sphincter is striated and under voluntary control (Car control the sphincter but eq, Ru not)

Question 52

the anal canal consists of what 5 zones in latin?

Answer 52

``` linea anorectalis zona columnaris ani zona intermedia linea anocutanea zona cutanea ```

Question 53

where is the anorectal line located?

Answer 53

linea anorectalis is between rectal mucosa and the anal canal

Question 54

where is the columnar zone of the anus located?

Answer 54

zona columnaris ani exists in ca and su ibetween linea anorectalis and zona intermedia (it contains columna anales)

Question 55

where is the intermediate zone of the anus located?

Answer 55

zona intermedia is at the transition to the modified external skin right after zona columnaris ani in su and ca, and after linea anorectalis in those who don't have the above columnar zone

Question 56

what is the anocutaneous line?

Answer 56

linea anocutanea is the boundary between mucous membrane and skin right after zona intermedia

Question 57

what is the anal cutaneous zone?

Answer 57

zona cutanea is the outermost part of the anal canal

Question 58

circumanal glands

Answer 58

gll. circumanales | sebaceous glands in the vicinity of the anus of the dog

Question 59

glands of the paranal sinus

Answer 59

gll. sinus paranalis

Question 60

total length of ca small intestines

Answer 60

~1,0- 5,0 m

Question 61

total length of fe small intestines

Answer 61

~0,8- 1,2 m

Question 62

total length of su small intestines

Answer 62

~16,0- 20,5 m

Question 63

total length of bo small intestines

Answer 63

~27,0- 49,0 m

Question 64

total length of small ru small intestines

Answer 64

~18,0- 35,0 m

Question 65

total length of equine small intestines

Answer 65

~18,0- 30,0 m

Question 66

total length of ca large intestine

Answer 66

~0,3- 0,9 m

Question 67

total length of fe large intestine

Answer 67

~0,2- 0,4 m

Question 68

total length of su large intestine

Answer 68

~3,5- 6,0 m

Question 69

total length of bo large intestine

Answer 69

~6,5- 14,0 m

Question 70

total length of small ru large intestine

Answer 70

~4,8- 8,0 m

Question 71

total length of equine large intestine

Answer 71

~6,0- 9,0 m

Question 72

translate caecocolic fold and in which animal can this be found?

Answer 72

plica caecocolica in eq

Question 73

In what animal does the ileum NOT have a direct connection to the cecum but joins the colon instead?

Answer 73

In the dog, it does not have a direct communication, but joins the colon, which forms a continuous tube with the ileum.

Question 74

the cecum communicates with the colon through?

Answer 74

the caecocolic orifice ostium caecocolicum