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BRS Y2 > Vestibular System > Flashcards

Vestibular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main inputs of the vestibular system?

A

Visual
Proprioceptive
Vestibular info

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2
Q

What are the main outputs of the vestibular system?

A

Reflexes that allow you to be maintain stable posture, gaze and stop you from falling over

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3
Q

Where is the vestibular organ found?

A

Posterior area of inner ear

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4
Q

What does the vestibular organ do?

A

Senses rotation and movement of the head

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5
Q

How many semicircular canals are there and describe them

A

There are 3: anterior, posterior and lateral

They have am ampulla on one side and are connected to the utricle

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6
Q

What is the biggest cilium on vestibular hair cells called?

A

Kinocilium

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7
Q

Where are hair cells in the vestibular cells found?

A

All 5 organs

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8
Q

How do the cilia on hair cells allow depolarisation?

A

They are moved by endolymph when the head moves

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9
Q

What are the otolith organs?

A

Utricle and saccule

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10
Q

What are otolith?

A

Crystals on top of the hair cells that help them move

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11
Q

How are cells placed in the utricle?

A

Horizontally

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12
Q

How are cells placed in the saccule?

A

Vertically

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13
Q

What ion is endolymph rich in?

A

Potassium

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14
Q

In the semicircular canals where is the hair located?

A

On the crista in the ampulla

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15
Q

What are the 3 planes in the semicircular canals?

A

Anterior and posterior (that form a 90 degree angle)

Lateral which are horizontal to the others

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16
Q

Where do primary afferents end?

A

Vestibular nuclei and cerebellum

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17
Q

What do the vestibular nuclei have projections to?

A

Spinal cord
Nuclei of the extraocular muscles (eye movements)
Cerebellum (to get feedback)
Centres for cardiovascular + respiratory control

18
Q

What is the role of the vestibular cortex?

A

To detect and inform about head movements
To keep images fixed in the retina during head movements
Postural control

19
Q

Where is the vestibular cortex found?

A

Many cortical areas participate

20
Q

How many potentials do hair cells have?

A

Resting
Excitation
Inhibition

21
Q

Describe the resting potential of hair cells

A

Has a basal discharge to the nerve

22
Q

What happens to nerve discharge during excitation?

A

Increases

23
Q

When do hairs move towards to kinocilium?

A

During excitation

24
Q

When do hairs move away from the kinocilium

A

During inhibition

25
Q

What type of movement do otolith organs detect?

A

Acceleration without angle

26
Q

Out of the utricle and saccule, which is sensitive to horizontal movement and which to vertical movement?

A

Utricle: horizontal movement
Saccule: vertical movement

27
Q

What movement do semicircular canals detect?

A

Angular acceleration

28
Q

How do semicircular canals work?

A

In pairs- anterior from one side will work with posterior from other side
Cupulla moves and displaces hair cells

29
Q

What does the vesticulo ocular reflex do?

A

Keeps images fixed in the retina when you move your head

30
Q

What does the vestibulo spinal reflex do?

A

If moving and about to loose balance it stops you from falling by causing certain muscles to contract

31
Q

Where do motor neurons of the lateral vs medial tract go to in terms of the vestibulospinal reflex?

A 
Lateral= go to limb muscles
Medial= go to neck and back muscles
32
Q

What assessed in a vestibular system assessment?

A 
Anamnesis
Posture and gait
Cerebellar function
Eye movements
Vestibular tests
33
Q

What is the main symptom of balance disorder?

A

Dizziness or vertigo

34
Q

What do peripheral vestibular disorders affect?

A

Labyrinth or CN VIII

35
Q

What do central vestibular disorders affect?

A

Brainstem or cerebellum

36
Q

What are the main acute vestibular disorders?

A

Vestibular Neuritis (‘labyrinthitis’), stroke

37
Q

What is the main intermittent vestibular disorder?

A

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

38
Q

What are the main recurrent vestibular disorders?

A

Meniere’s Disease (hearing loss will be in one ear), Migraine

39
Q

What are the main recurrent progressive disorders?

A

Schwannoma vestibular (VIIIth nerve), Degenerative conditions (MS)

40
Q

What else may dizziness indicate other than vestibular disorders?

A 
Heart disorders
Presyncopal episodes
Orthostatic hypotension
Anaemia
Hypoglycaemia
Psychological
Gait disorders
41
Q

How is hearing loss characteristic in Menieres?

A

Only occurs in one ear

BRS Y2 (85 decks)

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