Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BRS Y2 > Anatomy of the Visual System > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Visual System Flashcards

1
Q

How many types of tears are there? What are they called?

A

3 types
Basal
Emotional
Reflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the afferent components of the lacrimal system?

A

Cornea, cranial nerve 1 supplies it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the efferent components of the lacrimal system?

A

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What neurotransmitter is involved with the lacrimal system?

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What produces tears?

A

Lacrimal gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do tears drain through?

A

The 2 puncta, these are the opening on the medial lid margin, they then go through the tear duct and

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do tears gather?

A

In the tear sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of the tear film?

A

Maintain a smooth cornea to air surface
Provide oxygen supply to the cornea
Allow removal of debris alongside blinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the blood supply to the cornea?

A

There is no blood supply to the cornea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How may layers are there to the tear film? What are they called?

A 
3 layers (from superficial to deep they are):
Lipid layer (reduces tear evaporation)
Water layer
Mucin layer (maintains surface wetting)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the conjunctiva?

A

A thin, transparent tissue that covers the inner surface of the visible eye, starts at the cornea and runs on the inside of the eyelid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the blood supply to the conjunctiva?

A

Supplied by tiny blood vessels that we can’t see

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many layers are there in the coat of the eye? What are they called?

A

3 layers (fro outer to innermost they are):
Sclera
Choroid
Retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the sclera?

A

The outermost layer of the coat of the eye, it is the white of the eye and has a high water content

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the choroid

A

Pigmented and vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of tissue does the retina contain?

A

Neurosensory tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many layers does the cornea have? What are they called?

A 
5 layers:
Epithelium
Bowman's membrane
Stroma
Descement's membrane
Endothelium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the cornea?

A

The transparent dome shaped window covering the front of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the water content of the cornea

A

Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the role of the cornea?

A

It is a powerful refracting surface (2/3 of the eyes refracting power)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the significance of the endothelium of the cornea?

A

It pumps fluid out of the cornea and prevents corneal oedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is corneal oedema prevented?

A

The endothelium layer of the cornea pumps our fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the uvea?

A

It is the vascular coat of the eyeball

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the uvea lie between?

A

The sclera and the choroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How many layers are there in the uvea? What are they called?

A

3 layers
Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe the role of the iris

A

It controls how much light is let into the eye, and has an opening in the middle which is the pupil. Muscles allow the pupil to constrict and relax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the choroid composed of?

A

Tiny blood vessels that nourish the eye

28
Q

What is the role of the lens?

A

To allow transparency

Has refractive power also (1/3 of the eye)

29
Q

What is the outside of the lens known as?

A

Acellular capsule

30
Q

What is it called when lens transparency is lost with age?

A

Cataract

31
Q

Describe the retina and where its found

A

It is a very thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye

32
Q

What is the role of the retina?

A

To capture light rays that enter the eye

33
Q

What happens to light rays that are captured by the retina?

A

They are sent to the brain for processing via the optic nerve

34
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

The visible part of the optic nerve that connects to the retina

35
Q

Where does the optic nerve connect to the eye?

A

At the back near the macula

36
Q

What is formed where the optic nerve meets the retina?

A

A blind spot, there are no sensitive light cells here

37
Q

How many layers are there to the retina? What are they called and what are their roles?

A

3 layers
Outer layer: photoreceptors, 1st order neurons, detect light
Middle layer: Bipolar cells, 2nd order neurons, local signal processing to improve contrast sensitivity
Inner layer: retinal ganglion cells, 3rd order neurons, transmits signals from eye to brain

38
Q

What type of cell is found in the outer layer of the retina?

A

Photoreceptors

39
Q

What type of cell is found in the middle layer of the retina?

A

Bipolar cells

40
Q

What type of cell is found in the inner layer of the retina?

A

Retinal ganglion cells

41
Q

What is the macula?

A

A small highly sensitive part of the retina that is responsible for detailed central vision and perception of detail to allow eg reading

42
Q

What is the fovea?

A

The centre of the macula, the most sensitive part of the retina

43
Q

What type of cells are found in the fovea?

A

Highest conc of cones (allows perception of detail) and lowest conc of rods

44
Q

What does central vision include?

A

Detailed vision during the day

Colour vision

45
Q

What is central vision used for?

A

Reading and facial recognition

46
Q

How is central vision assessed?

A

Visual acuity assessment

47
Q

What does peripheral vision include?

A

Shape, movement, night vision, navigation vision

48
Q

How is peripheral vision assessed?

A

Visual field assessment

49
Q

What happens if there is a loss of visual field?

A

This is an impairment in peripheral vision and so people cannot navigate

50
Q

What are photoreceptors for?

A

Visual processing

51
Q

What are the 2 types of photoreceptors?

A

Rods and cones

52
Q

Describe rods

A

They have a long outer segment which is photo-sensitive, they have a slow response to light but are 100x more sensitive to light than cones, they are responsible for night vision

53
Q

What is the scientific name for night vision?

A

Scotopic vision

54
Q

Out of rods and cones which is more sensitive to light?

A

Rods

55
Q

Describe cones

A

Less sensitive to light but fast response to light, responsible for day vision and colour vision

56
Q

What is the scientific name for day vision?

A

Photopic vision

57
Q

How does the eye see colour?

A

Through different photoreceptors
S cones= blue
M cones= green
L cones= red

58
Q

What are the names of the different photoreceptors?

A

S cones
M cones
L cones

59
Q

What colour do s cones capture?

A

Blue

60
Q

What colour do m cones capture?

A

Green

61
Q

What colour do l cones capture?

A

Red

62
Q

What colours are rods sensitive to?

A

No colours

63
Q

What is deuteranomaly?

A

Partial colour blindness (the most common form) where they dont perceive red

64
Q

What is achromatopsia?

A

Full colour blindness

65
Q

What test is used to diagnose colour blindness?

A

Ishihara test

BRS Y2 (85 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions