ECGs Revisited Flashcards

1
Q

What part of ECG equipment is an electrode?

A

The thing that sticks onto your chest

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2
Q

What part of ECG equipment are the cables/wires?

A

The wires connected to the electrodes

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3
Q

What part of ECG equipment are the leads?

A

They are the views of the heart

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4
Q

How are vectors represented?

A

By arrows

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5
Q

In what direction will a charge travelling towards a negative electrode travel?

A

Down

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6
Q

In what direction will a charge travelling towards a positive electrode travel?

A

Up

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7
Q

What direction is the charge travelling if the line is isoelectric?

A

Perpendicular to both the anode and the cathode

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8
Q

What does the steepness of the electrode denote?

A

The velocity of the action potential

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9
Q

What does the width of the deflection denote?

A

The duration of the event

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10
Q

How does the thickness of the muscle affect deflection?

A

Thinner muscle creates a smaller deflection

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11
Q

How many limb leads and how many chest leads are there?

A

3 limb leads

6 chest leads

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12
Q

What rule is used to remember where the leads go? How does it work?

A

Rule of Ls

Lead 1= one L= right arm to Left arm
Lead 2= two Ls= right arm to Left Leg
Lead 3= Left arm to Left Leg

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13
Q

For the leads, what rule is used to work out which is the anode and which is the cathode? How does it work?

A

The rule of reading

In english we read from left to right and up to down
For each lead either go left to right or up to down and always start with the anode

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14
Q

Where exactly is V1 placed?

A

4th intercostal space at right border of the sternum

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15
Q

Where exactly is V2 placed?

A

4th intercostal space at the left border of the sternum

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16
Q

Where exactly is V3 placed?

A

Between V2 and V4

17
Q

Where is V4 placed?

A

5th intercostal space at the mid clavicular line on the left

18
Q

Where exactly is V5 placed?

A

5th intercostal space at the anterior axillary line on the left (same level as V4)

19
Q

Where exactly is V6 placed?

A

5th intercostal space at the mid axillary line on the left (same level as V4 and V5)

20
Q

Which leads can be referred to as the chest leads?

A

V1, V2 and V3

21
Q

Which leads look at a lateral view of the heart?

A

I, avL, V3 and V6

22
Q

Which leads look at a septal view of the heart?

A

V1 and V2

23
Q

Which leads look at an anterior view of the heart?

A

V3 and V4

24
Q

Which leads look at a inferior view of the heart?

A

II, III, avF

25
Q

What are the 3 main arteries that supply the heart? Include their abbreviations

A

Left circumflex (Lcx)
Left anterior descending (LAD)
Right coronary artery (RCA)

26
Q

What are the 2 different types of ECG leads?

A

Limb leads- they use the limbs (right/left arm and left foot)
Chest leads- V1-V6 placed on the chest

27
Q

Which leads are bipolar and which are unipolar?

A

Limb leads are bipolar, chest leads are unipolar

28
Q

What leads lie in the coronal plane?

A

Leads I, II, III, aVf, avL, avR

29
Q

What leads lie in the horizontal plane?

A

V1-V6

30
Q

Are V1-V6 anodes or cathodes?

A

Cathodes

31
Q

How many milliseconds are in a second?

A

1000

32
Q

What do you need in order to find the cardiac axis?

A

2 leads that are perpendicular to each other

33
Q

Explain how to cardiac axis is calculated?

A

The QRS vector for both perpendicular leads must be calculated. Then create a triangle, find the missing angle and subtract from 90 if it needs to be adjusted

34
Q

What limbs are the augmented limb leads?

A

avR, avL, avF

35
Q

How are the vectors for the cardiac axis calculated?

A

Count how many squares up the QRS complex goes
Count how many squares down the QRS complex goes
Vector= squares up- squares down
It could be negative or positive