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brs y2 > Cortical Organisation and Function > Flashcards

Cortical Organisation and Function Flashcards

1
Q

What does the cerebral cortex cover?

A

The entire surface of the brain

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2
Q

How is the cortex oganised?

A

Into lobes

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3
Q

What are folds on the cortex called?

A

Gyri and sulci

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4
Q

How many layers does the cortex have?

A

6

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5
Q

What are the main roles of the frontal lobe?

A

Regulating/initiating motor function, language, cognitive functions, attention, memory

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6
Q

What does the primal frontal lobe do?

A

Controls fine discrete and precise voluntary movements

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7
Q

What does the supplementary frontal lobe do?

A

Planning movements (that are externally cued)

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8
Q

What are the main roles of the parietal lobe?

A

Sensation (touch and pain)
Sensory aspects of language
Spatial orientation and perception

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9
Q

What does the primary somatosensory cortex do?

A

Processes somatic sensations eg fine touch, vibration, proprioception etc

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10
Q

What does the somatosensory association do?

A

Interprets significance of sensory info eg recognising an object placed in your hand

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11
Q

What is the main role of the occipital lobe?

A

Processing visual information

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12
Q

What does the primary visual cortex do?

A

Processes visual information

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13
Q

What does the visual association do?

A

Gives meaning and interpretation of visual inout

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14
Q

What is the main role of the temporal lobe?

A

Processing auditory information, emotions, memories

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15
Q

What does the primary auditory cortex do?

A

Processes auditory stimuli

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16
Q

What does the auditory association do?

A

Gives meaning and interpretation of auditory input

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17
Q

What is included in the limbic lobe?

A

Amygdala, hippocampus, mammillary body, cingulate gyrus

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18
Q

What is the main role of the limbic lobe?

A

Learning, memory, emotion, motivation, reward

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19
Q

Where is the insular cortex found?

A

Deep in the lateral fissure

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20
Q

What does the insular cortex do?

A

Concerned with visceral sensations, autonomic control, auditory processing

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21
Q

What is grey matter made of?

A

Neuronal cell bodies and glial cells

22
Q

What is white matter made of? How is it arranged?

A

Myelinated neuronal axons arranged in tracts

23
Q

What type of fibres connect areas in the same hemisphere?

A

Association fibres

24
Q

What is the name of the association fibre that connects the frontal and occipital lobes?

A

Superior longitudinal fasciculus

25
Q

What is the name of the association fibre that connects the frontal and temporal lobes?

A

Arcuate fasciculus

26
Q

What is the name of the association fibre that connects the temporal and occipital lobes?

A

Inferior longitudinal fasciculus

27
Q

What is the name of the association fibre that connects the anterior frontal and temporal lobes?

A

Uncinate fasciculus

28
Q

What type of fibres connect homologous structures in the left and right hemispheres?

A

Commissural fibres

29
Q

What do association fibres connect?

A

Areas within the same hemisphere

30
Q

What do commissural fibres connect?

A

Homologous structures in the left and right hemispheres

31
Q

What are the 2 main commissural fibres?

A

Corpus callosum and anterior commissure

32
Q

What type of fibres connect the cortex with structure in the lower brain?

A

Projection fibres

33
Q

What do projection fibres do?

A

Connect the cortex with structures in the lower brain

34
Q

Where do afferent projection fibres go?

A

Towards the cortex

35
Q

Where do efferent projection fibres go?

A

Away from the cortex

36
Q

Describe how the primary and secondary cortices are different?

A

Primary cortex has a predictable function, secondary cortex has a less predictable function
Primary cortex is organised topographically, secondary isn’t
In the primary cortex there is symmetry between the left and the right, in the secondary symmetry is weak or absent

37
Q

What is the role of Broca’s area?

A

Speech production

38
Q

What is the role of Wernicke’s area?

A

Understanding language

39
Q

What changes do frontal lobe lesions cause?

A

Changes in personality and inappropriate behaviour

40
Q

What changes do parietal lobe lesions cause?

A

Contralateral neglect, a lesion in the right hemisphere will cause a lack of awareness on the left side which includes extra-personal space

41
Q

What changes do temporal lobe lesions cause?

A

Agnosia (inability to recognise things)

42
Q

What resection may be performed to cure epilepsy? What does this cause?

A

Parts of temporal lobe, cause anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories)

43
Q

What changes do Broca’s area lesions cause?

A

Expressive aphasia= poor production of speech but normal comprehension

44
Q

What changes do Wernicke’s area lesions cause?

A

Receptive aphasia= poor comprehension of speech but production is normal

45
Q

What is the difference between expressive and receptive aphasia?

A 
Expressive= speech production is impaired but comprehension is normal
Receptive= speech comprehension is impaired but production is normal
46
Q

What changes does lesion in primary visual cortex cause?

A

Blindness in the corresponding part of the visual field

47
Q

What changes does lesion visual association cause?

A

Deficits in interpretation of visual info eg prosopagnosia (inability to recognise familiar faces or learn new ones)

48
Q

What do PET scans show in brain imaging?

A

Blood flow to different areas of brain

49
Q

What does fMRI show in brain imaging?

A

Amount of blood oxygen in an area of the brain

50
Q

What does EEG measure in brain imaging?

A

Electrical signals produces by the brain

51
Q

What does MEG measure in brain imaging?

A

Magnetic signals produced by the brain

brs y2 (85 decks)

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