valvular disorders Flashcards by Hailey Dlugolinski

what are the 2 things that happen with valvular disorders?

-valve balloons into left atria (MVP)
-valve no longer seals properly (MVR/AVR)

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what is MVP (mitral valve prolapse)

valve balloons into left atria

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what is MVR/AVR (mitral/aortic valve regurgitation)

valve no longer seals properly

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how will a client with a valvular disorder present in the beginning?

-asymptomatic
-arrhythmia
-dizzy/lightheaded

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how will a client with a valvular disorder present as it worsens?

-SOB / dyspnea
-fatigue
-hemoptysis

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what is corrigan’s pulse?

a pulse that is forceful and then suddenly collapses

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what is a corrigan’s pulse specific to?

aortic regurgitation

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what is a heart murmur (MVR)

forceful backflow of blood

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what is the most common cause of valvular disorders?

weakened papillary muscles and/or chordae tendinae

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what are some other causes of valvular disorders?

-viral/bacterial infection
-CAD
-autoimmune disorders
-congenital malformation

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what labs are used to diagnose valvular disorders

-BNP
-CBC/BMP
-echo
-EKG
-stress test
-angiogram
-strep culture

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what meds are used for valvular disorders?

-beta blockers
-diuretics
-ACE-I
-blood thinner
-antiarrhythmics

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what beta blocker is used for valvular disorders and why?

metoprolol, decrease HR and increase contractility

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what diuretic is used for valvular disorders and why?

furosemide to remove fluid

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what ACE-I is used for valvular and why?

lisinopril because it blocks the kidneys demand and stops constricting

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what blood thinners are used for valvular

ASA (baby aspirin)
warfarin

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what antiarrhythmics are used for valvular

sotalol, amiodarone, flecanide

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what is a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)

replacement of the aortic valve through the heart vessels

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mechanical vs. bioprosthetic valve

mechanical = man-made for younger people, need to take coumadin (hear clicking), lasts longer
bioprosthetic = on blood thinners for less of a time, tissue/valve comes from animal, lasts shorter

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what is the process of repairing a valve?

ROSS procedure

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complications from valve replacement and repair

-arrhythmias and CHF

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what is the lifespan if a bioprosthetic valve

<60 years = 5-10years
>70 = 15-29 years

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what is the disease process of the heart?

cardiomyopathy

describe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

-thickened wall
-decreased filling
-reduced cardiac output
-CHF

is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy reversible?

if its viral, yes

describe dilated cardiomyopathy

-large ventricle (more capacity) -decreased contraction -reduced cardiac output -CHF

what are causes of a-fib

-heart abnormalities -CAD / MI -sick sinus syndrome -sleep apnea -lung disease / viral infections

in a-fib, the heart beats _____

irregularly

what is an ectopic beat

not normal, shouldn't happen

in a-fib, there are ____ impulses to the ventricle and ____ cardiac output

fewer, less

agitation in a-fib leads to ______

clots!!!!

a-fib leads to a ______% increased chance of stroke

500

how will a client with a-fib present?

-palpitations -SOB -weakness -confusion/anxiety -CP

labs and tests used to diagnose a-fib?

holter monitor -coags -CBC/BMP -troponin -BNP -CXR and echo

what meds are used for a-fib?

-anticoagulants -antiarrhythmics -beta-blockers -calcium channel blockers

what anticoagulants are for a-fib

warfarin, clopidogrel

what antiarrhythmics are for a-fib?

amiodarone, flecainide, sotalol

what beta-blockers are for a-fib

metoprolol, propranolol, atenolol

what calcium channel blockers are for a-fib

diltiazem, verapamil

what are acute interventions for a-fib with RVR?

cardioversion

what is a cardioversion and how will it effect the patient?

stop heart and restart it, sedate the patient won't remember. The ectopic beat wants to be the leader

what are surgical interventions for a-fib

-catheter ablation -maze procedure -watchmans device

what are some triggers of a-fib?

-caffeine -OTC cough meds -sleep deprivation, illness -stress -dehydration -hormones -smoking

what are primary causes of HTN?

idiopathic - don't know the cause

what is the secondary cause of HTN?

renal diseases

why do renal diseases increase BP?

excess fluid raises BP

what are some miscellaneous causes of HTN?

-dyslipidemia -obesity/sedentary -DM -HF/CAD/sickle cell -meds / illegal drugs

how will a client with HTN present?

asymptomatic (silent killer)

complications from HTN?

-CVA -MI

what kind of meds are used for HTN?

-thiazide diuretics -ACE-Is -ARBs -CCBs -beta blockers -combo meds

what thiazide diuretics are used for HTN?

hydrochlorothiazide

what ACE-Is are used for HTN?

lisinopril (stops constriction)

what ARBs are used for HTN?

losartan

what CCBs are used for HTN

amlodipine, diltiazem (dilate smooth muscle, decreasing BP)

what beta blockers are used in HTN?

metoprolol

what combo meds are used in HTN?

losartan and HCTZ

you should monitor BP with HTN at the ___________

same time every day