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Adults > valvular disorders > Flashcards

valvular disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 2 things that happen with valvular disorders?

A

-valve balloons into left atria (MVP)
-valve no longer seals properly (MVR/AVR)

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2
Q

what is MVP (mitral valve prolapse)

A

valve balloons into left atria

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3
Q

what is MVR/AVR (mitral/aortic valve regurgitation)

A

valve no longer seals properly

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4
Q

how will a client with a valvular disorder present in the beginning?

A

-asymptomatic
-arrhythmia
-dizzy/lightheaded

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5
Q

how will a client with a valvular disorder present as it worsens?

A

-SOB / dyspnea
-fatigue
-hemoptysis

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6
Q

what is corrigan’s pulse?

A

a pulse that is forceful and then suddenly collapses

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7
Q

what is a corrigan’s pulse specific to?

A

aortic regurgitation

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8
Q

what is a heart murmur (MVR)

A

forceful backflow of blood

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9
Q

what is the most common cause of valvular disorders?

A

weakened papillary muscles and/or chordae tendinae

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10
Q

what are some other causes of valvular disorders?

A

-viral/bacterial infection
-CAD
-autoimmune disorders
-congenital malformation

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11
Q

what labs are used to diagnose valvular disorders

A

-BNP
-CBC/BMP
-echo
-EKG
-stress test
-angiogram
-strep culture

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12
Q

what meds are used for valvular disorders?

A

-beta blockers
-diuretics
-ACE-I
-blood thinner
-antiarrhythmics

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13
Q

what beta blocker is used for valvular disorders and why?

A

metoprolol, decrease HR and increase contractility

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14
Q

what diuretic is used for valvular disorders and why?

A

furosemide to remove fluid

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15
Q

what ACE-I is used for valvular and why?

A

lisinopril because it blocks the kidneys demand and stops constricting

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16
Q

what blood thinners are used for valvular

A

ASA (baby aspirin)
warfarin

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17
Q

what antiarrhythmics are used for valvular

A

sotalol, amiodarone, flecanide

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18
Q

what is a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)

A

replacement of the aortic valve through the heart vessels

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19
Q

mechanical vs. bioprosthetic valve

A

mechanical = man-made for younger people, need to take coumadin (hear clicking), lasts longer
bioprosthetic = on blood thinners for less of a time, tissue/valve comes from animal, lasts shorter

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20
Q

what is the process of repairing a valve?

A

ROSS procedure

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21
Q

complications from valve replacement and repair

A

-arrhythmias and CHF

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22
Q

what is the lifespan if a bioprosthetic valve

A

<60 years = 5-10years
>70 = 15-29 years

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23
Q

what is the disease process of the heart?

A

cardiomyopathy

24
Q

describe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

-thickened wall
-decreased filling
-reduced cardiac output
-CHF

25
Q

is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy reversible?

A

if its viral, yes

26
Q

describe dilated cardiomyopathy

A

-large ventricle (more capacity)
-decreased contraction
-reduced cardiac output
-CHF

27
Q

what are causes of a-fib

A

-heart abnormalities
-CAD / MI
-sick sinus syndrome
-sleep apnea
-lung disease / viral infections

28
Q

in a-fib, the heart beats _____

A

irregularly

29
Q

what is an ectopic beat

A

not normal, shouldn’t happen

30
Q

in a-fib, there are ____ impulses to the ventricle and ____ cardiac output

A

fewer, less

31
Q

agitation in a-fib leads to ______

A

clots!!!!

32
Q

a-fib leads to a ______% increased chance of stroke

A

500

33
Q

how will a client with a-fib present?

A

-palpitations
-SOB
-weakness
-confusion/anxiety
-CP

34
Q

labs and tests used to diagnose a-fib?

A

holter monitor
-coags
-CBC/BMP
-troponin
-BNP
-CXR and echo

35
Q

what meds are used for a-fib?

A

-anticoagulants
-antiarrhythmics
-beta-blockers
-calcium channel blockers

36
Q

what anticoagulants are for a-fib

A

warfarin, clopidogrel

37
Q

what antiarrhythmics are for a-fib?

A

amiodarone, flecainide, sotalol

38
Q

what beta-blockers are for a-fib

A

metoprolol, propranolol, atenolol

39
Q

what calcium channel blockers are for a-fib

A

diltiazem, verapamil

40
Q

what are acute interventions for a-fib with RVR?

A

cardioversion

41
Q

what is a cardioversion and how will it effect the patient?

A

stop heart and restart it, sedate
the patient won’t remember. The ectopic beat wants to be the leader

42
Q

what are surgical interventions for a-fib

A

-catheter ablation
-maze procedure
-watchmans device

43
Q

what are some triggers of a-fib?

A

-caffeine
-OTC cough meds
-sleep deprivation, illness
-stress
-dehydration
-hormones
-smoking

44
Q

what are primary causes of HTN?

A

idiopathic - don’t know the cause

45
Q

what is the secondary cause of HTN?

A

renal diseases

46
Q

why do renal diseases increase BP?

A

excess fluid raises BP

47
Q

what are some miscellaneous causes of HTN?

A

-dyslipidemia
-obesity/sedentary
-DM
-HF/CAD/sickle cell
-meds / illegal drugs

48
Q

how will a client with HTN present?

A

asymptomatic (silent killer)

49
Q

complications from HTN?

A

-CVA
-MI

50
Q

what kind of meds are used for HTN?

A

-thiazide diuretics
-ACE-Is
-ARBs
-CCBs
-beta blockers
-combo meds

51
Q

what thiazide diuretics are used for HTN?

A

hydrochlorothiazide

52
Q

what ACE-Is are used for HTN?

A

lisinopril (stops constriction)

53
Q

what ARBs are used for HTN?

A

losartan

54
Q

what CCBs are used for HTN

A

amlodipine, diltiazem (dilate smooth muscle, decreasing BP)

55
Q

what beta blockers are used in HTN?

A

metoprolol

56
Q

what combo meds are used in HTN?

A

losartan and HCTZ

57
Q

you should monitor BP with HTN at the ___________

A

same time every day

Adults (35 decks)

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