immunity (4)

Question 1

what is the body’s specific protective response to a foreign agent or organism

Answer 1

immunity

Question 2

What is the function of the immune system

Answer 2

its the body’s defense mechanism: it looks for bad cells
- defense against physical injury and infection
it maintains homeostasis
- equilibrium of internal environment
- surveillance

Question 3

What factors affect the immune system?

Answer 3

• genetics (born with genetic deficiency, IgG deficient)
• general physical condition (good overall health; poor= worse)
• medications (steroids)
• dietary patterns (supplements)
• stress

Question 4

what are the two types of lymphocytes involved with bone marrow?

Answer 4

B cells and T cells

Question 5

where are b cells found

Answer 5

bone marrow

Question 6

where are t cells found

Answer 6

thymus

Question 7

what cells are responsible for humoral immunity and has antibody production

Answer 7

b cells

Question 8

what cells are responsible for cellular immunity and has several types

Answer 8

t cells

Question 9

what two things are made out of lymphoid tissue

Answer 9

spleen and lymph nodes

Question 10

what filters out old and injured RBC and has a high concentration of lymphocytes

Answer 10

spleen

Question 11

what are all over the body, connected by lymph channels and capillaries, removes foreign materials before they enter the bloodstream and are the center for immune cell proliferation

Answer 11

lymph nodes

Question 12

what do the lymph nodes do

Answer 12

surveillance

Question 13

what is the function of the immune system

Answer 13

-remove foreign antigens, maintain homeostasis, immunity

Question 14

what are the two types of immunity

Answer 14

natural/innate and acquired/adaptive

Question 15

what kind of immunity is nonspecific and present at birth

Answer 15

natural/innate

Question 16

what kind of immunity is specific and occurs after birth

Answer 16

acquired/adaptive

Question 17

What kind of immunity is the defense against and resistance to infection, has an inflammatory response, physical/chemical barriers, and immune regulation?

Answer 17

natural/innate immunity

Question 18

What kind of immunity is “learned” through exposure; either a contracted disease or vaccinations, and has two types?

Answer 18

Acquired/Adaptive immunity

Question 19

What are the two types of acquired/adaptive immunity?

Answer 19

Active and passive

Question 20

Which kind of acquired/adaptive immunity has defense’s developed by person’s own body (created from being sick, lasts a long time/lifetime)

Answer 20

active

Question 21

which kind of acquired/adaptive immunity is temporary from a source outside of the body (from someone else)?

Answer 21

passive

Question 22

infections and vaccinations fall under which kind of acquired/adaptive immunity?

Answer 22

active

Question 23

maternal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies fall under which kind of acquired/adaptive immunity?

Answer 23

passive

Question 24

Antibodies passed on in breast milk are considered what type of immunity?
A. Passive
B. Active
C. Innate
D. Barrier

Answer 24

A. Passive
Preformed antibodies passed on from breast milk are passive adaptive immunity

Question 25

What are the three types of defense against the invasion of bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens

Answer 25

phagocytic immune response, humoral or antibody immune response, cellular immune response

Question 26

which defense response is the "everyday cleanup" of random bacteria, where WBCs ingest and destroy foreign particles?

Answer 26

Phagocytic immune response

Question 27

which defense response is seen in bacteria/virus before, is fast/strong/specific, and is where B cells respond with antiobodies?

Answer 27

Humoral or antibody immune response

Question 28

which defense response is slow, has long-term damage, saves antibodies, and is where the T cells attack foreign particles?

Answer 28

cellular immune response

Question 29

which immune response is first line and includes macrophages and -phils

Answer 29

phagocytic

Question 30

which kind of immunity includes recognition of antigen, immunoglobins (born with these), and the production of antibodies

Answer 30

humoral immunity (B cells)

Question 31

what are the responses of humoral immunity

Answer 31

anaphylaxis, allergic hay fever & asthma, immune complex disease, and bacterial & some viral infections

Question 32

what is the most common humoral antibody

Answer 32

IgG

Question 33

which humoral immunity antibody focuses on blood and tissue infections, activates complement system (asks for help), enhances phagocytosis, and crosses the placenta?

Answer 33

IgG

Question 34

which humoral antibody is found in breast milk, saliva, tears, colostrum, and bronchial/intestinal secretions and prevents adherence of microorganisms to mucosal epithelium

Answer 34

IgA

Question 35

what humoral antibody is mostly in intravascular system, first produced in response to bacterial or viral infections, and has blood group compatibility?

Answer 35

IgM

Question 36

what humoral antibody is found in people with atopic allergies/infected with parasitic worms and the antigen triggers release of histamine and initiates the cascade

Answer 36

IgE

Question 37

What humoral antibody possibly activates basophils and mast cells, signals B cells to be activated

Answer 37

IgD

Question 38

what are the prevalence of the humoral immunity antibodies

Answer 38

IgG (75%) IgA (15%) IgM (10%) IgE (< 1%) IgD (< 1%)

Question 39

what kind of immunity is matures in the thymus, circulates in peripheral blood, does not produce antibodies, and the major role is surveillance

Answer 39

Cell-mediated immunity (T cells)

Question 40

what are the responses of cell-mediated response

Answer 40

transplant rejection, delayed hypersensitivity (TB reaction) Graft-versus-host disease, tumor surveillance (recognition or destruction)

Question 41

What are the three types of t lymphocytes

Answer 41

effector t cells: helper t cells, cytotoxic t cells, natural killer cells

Question 42

What T cells facilitate action of other types T & B cells, stimulate immune system, and releases cytokines

Answer 42

Helper T Cells (CD4)

Question 43

what T cells directly attack the antigen, causes lysis, and releases cytokines

Answer 43

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8)

Question 44

What cells destroy infected and stressed cells and secrete macrophage cytokine

Answer 44

natural killer cells

Question 45

what are the cellular changes in the inflammatory response

Answer 45

phagocytosis (1st reaction), increased leukocytes (granulocytes and monocytes), release of chemical mediators (mast cells and macrophages)

Question 46

what are the vascular changes in the inflammatory response

Answer 46

vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, increased blood flow, local tissue congestion

Question 47

what are the systemic effects of the inflammatory response

Answer 47

fever, leukocytosis (increased wbc), malaise, anorexia, sepsis

Question 48

what are the local effects of the inflammatory response

Answer 48

redness, warmth, swelling, pain, loss of function

Question 49

what mediates interactions between cells

Answer 49

cytokines

Question 50

what are cytokines produced by

Answer 50

lymphocytes (signals for WBCs)

Question 51

what are the four functions of cytokines

Answer 51

-enhancement of phagocyte activity (start attack) -regulate lymphocyte production and function -inflammatory response -systemic effects: fever, bone marrow stimulation

Question 52

what type of cytokines activate inflammation, induces fever, activate t,b, and nk cells and is general inflammation

Answer 52

Interleukins

Question 53

Cytokines that regulate production, differentiation, survival, and activation of hematopoietic cells; increased production in bone marrow, WBC, RBC, and platelets

Answer 53

colony-stimulating factor (CSE)

Question 54

what type of cytokines have antiviral and antitumor properties and are prevalent if there is a virus

Answer 54

interferons

Question 55

what type of cytokines induce endotoxic shock, growth factor for fibroblasts, necrotizes tumor cells, and kill tumors

Answer 55

Tumor necrosis factor

Question 56

what type of cytokines are made in a lab to stimulate immune system, target the antigen, and turn up or down immunity

Answer 56

monoclonal antibodies (MABs)

Question 57

what type of WBC makes antibodies A. T cell B. CD8 cell C. macrophage D. B cell

Answer 57

D. B cell Rational: "memory" b cells create antibodies for a fast and strong immune response on second exposure

Question 58

which immune response is considered the first line response to a foreign invader? A. innate B. Antibody medicated C. phagocytic D. Cellular

Answer 58

C. Phagocytic Rational: the phagocytic immune response is the "quick and dirty" of the immune response, WBCs ingest and destroy invades on contact

Question 59

what are treatments that alter immune response

Answer 59

surgery (portal of entry), radiation (trash bone marrow), drug therapy, and immunotherapy- Biologic Response Modifiers (mab drugs)

Question 60

what are the two drug therapies

Answer 60

chemotherapy and immunosuppression

Question 61

what are the two types of immunosuppression

Answer 61

transplants and anti-inflammatory

Question 62

what are the immunotherapies

Answer 62

growth factors, interleukins, and interferons

Question 63

true or false: gender is an important consideration in assessing risk for immune disorders

Answer 63

True Rational: the sex hormones are felt to play a part in immune response and immune disorders