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Adults > immunity (4) > Flashcards

immunity (4) Flashcards

1
Q

what is the body’s specific protective response to a foreign agent or organism

A

immunity

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2
Q

What is the function of the immune system

A

its the body’s defense mechanism: it looks for bad cells
- defense against physical injury and infection
it maintains homeostasis
- equilibrium of internal environment
- surveillance

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3
Q

What factors affect the immune system?

A
  • genetics (born with genetic deficiency, IgG deficient)
  • general physical condition (good overall health; poor= worse)
  • medications (steroids)
  • dietary patterns (supplements)
  • stress
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4
Q

what are the two types of lymphocytes involved with bone marrow?

A

B cells and T cells

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5
Q

where are b cells found

A

bone marrow

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6
Q

where are t cells found

A

thymus

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7
Q

what cells are responsible for humoral immunity and has antibody production

A

b cells

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8
Q

what cells are responsible for cellular immunity and has several types

A

t cells

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9
Q

what two things are made out of lymphoid tissue

A

spleen and lymph nodes

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10
Q

what filters out old and injured RBC and has a high concentration of lymphocytes

A

spleen

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11
Q

what are all over the body, connected by lymph channels and capillaries, removes foreign materials before they enter the bloodstream and are the center for immune cell proliferation

A

lymph nodes

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12
Q

what do the lymph nodes do

A

surveillance

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13
Q

what is the function of the immune system

A

-remove foreign antigens, maintain homeostasis, immunity

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14
Q

what are the two types of immunity

A

natural/innate and acquired/adaptive

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15
Q

what kind of immunity is nonspecific and present at birth

A

natural/innate

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16
Q

what kind of immunity is specific and occurs after birth

A

acquired/adaptive

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17
Q

What kind of immunity is the defense against and resistance to infection, has an inflammatory response, physical/chemical barriers, and immune regulation?

A

natural/innate immunity

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18
Q

What kind of immunity is “learned” through exposure; either a contracted disease or vaccinations, and has two types?

A

Acquired/Adaptive immunity

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19
Q

What are the two types of acquired/adaptive immunity?

A

Active and passive

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20
Q

Which kind of acquired/adaptive immunity has defense’s developed by person’s own body (created from being sick, lasts a long time/lifetime)

A

active

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21
Q

which kind of acquired/adaptive immunity is temporary from a source outside of the body (from someone else)?

A

passive

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22
Q

infections and vaccinations fall under which kind of acquired/adaptive immunity?

A

active

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23
Q

maternal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies fall under which kind of acquired/adaptive immunity?

A

passive

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24
Q

Antibodies passed on in breast milk are considered what type of immunity?
A. Passive
B. Active
C. Innate
D. Barrier

A

A. Passive
Preformed antibodies passed on from breast milk are passive adaptive immunity

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25
Q

What are the three types of defense against the invasion of bacteria, viruses, or other pathogens

A

phagocytic immune response, humoral or antibody immune response, cellular immune response

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26
Q

which defense response is the “everyday cleanup” of random bacteria, where WBCs ingest and destroy foreign particles?

A

Phagocytic immune response

27
Q

which defense response is seen in bacteria/virus before, is fast/strong/specific, and is where B cells respond with antiobodies?

A

Humoral or antibody immune response

28
Q

which defense response is slow, has long-term damage, saves antibodies, and is where the T cells attack foreign particles?

A

cellular immune response

29
Q

which immune response is first line and includes macrophages and -phils

A

phagocytic

30
Q

which kind of immunity includes recognition of antigen, immunoglobins (born with these), and the production of antibodies

A

humoral immunity (B cells)

31
Q

what are the responses of humoral immunity

A

anaphylaxis, allergic hay fever & asthma, immune complex disease, and bacterial & some viral infections

32
Q

what is the most common humoral antibody

A

IgG

33
Q

which humoral immunity antibody focuses on blood and tissue infections, activates complement system (asks for help), enhances phagocytosis, and crosses the placenta?

A

IgG

34
Q

which humoral antibody is found in breast milk, saliva, tears, colostrum, and bronchial/intestinal secretions and prevents adherence of microorganisms to mucosal epithelium

A

IgA

35
Q

what humoral antibody is mostly in intravascular system, first produced in response to bacterial or viral infections, and has blood group compatibility?

A

IgM

36
Q

what humoral antibody is found in people with atopic allergies/infected with parasitic worms and the antigen triggers release of histamine and initiates the cascade

A

IgE

37
Q

What humoral antibody possibly activates basophils and mast cells, signals B cells to be activated

A

IgD

38
Q

what are the prevalence of the humoral immunity antibodies

A

IgG (75%)
IgA (15%)
IgM (10%)
IgE (< 1%)
IgD (< 1%)

39
Q

what kind of immunity is matures in the thymus, circulates in peripheral blood, does not produce antibodies, and the major role is surveillance

A

Cell-mediated immunity (T cells)

40
Q

what are the responses of cell-mediated response

A

transplant rejection, delayed hypersensitivity (TB reaction) Graft-versus-host disease, tumor surveillance (recognition or destruction)

41
Q

What are the three types of t lymphocytes

A

effector t cells: helper t cells, cytotoxic t cells, natural killer cells

42
Q

What T cells facilitate action of other types T & B cells, stimulate immune system, and releases cytokines

A

Helper T Cells (CD4)

43
Q

what T cells directly attack the antigen, causes lysis, and releases cytokines

A

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8)

44
Q

What cells destroy infected and stressed cells and secrete macrophage cytokine

A

natural killer cells

45
Q

what are the cellular changes in the inflammatory response

A

phagocytosis (1st reaction), increased leukocytes (granulocytes and monocytes), release of chemical mediators (mast cells and macrophages)

46
Q

what are the vascular changes in the inflammatory response

A

vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, increased blood flow, local tissue congestion

47
Q

what are the systemic effects of the inflammatory response

A

fever, leukocytosis (increased wbc), malaise, anorexia, sepsis

48
Q

what are the local effects of the inflammatory response

A

redness, warmth, swelling, pain, loss of function

49
Q

what mediates interactions between cells

A

cytokines

50
Q

what are cytokines produced by

A

lymphocytes (signals for WBCs)

51
Q

what are the four functions of cytokines

A

-enhancement of phagocyte activity (start attack)
-regulate lymphocyte production and function
-inflammatory response
-systemic effects: fever, bone marrow stimulation

52
Q

what type of cytokines activate inflammation, induces fever, activate t,b, and nk cells and is general inflammation

A

Interleukins

53
Q

Cytokines that regulate production, differentiation, survival, and activation of hematopoietic cells; increased production in bone marrow, WBC, RBC, and platelets

A

colony-stimulating factor (CSE)

54
Q

what type of cytokines have antiviral and antitumor properties and are prevalent if there is a virus

A

interferons

55
Q

what type of cytokines induce endotoxic shock, growth factor for fibroblasts, necrotizes tumor cells, and kill tumors

A

Tumor necrosis factor

56
Q

what type of cytokines are made in a lab to stimulate immune system, target the antigen, and turn up or down immunity

A

monoclonal antibodies (MABs)

57
Q

what type of WBC makes antibodies
A. T cell
B. CD8 cell
C. macrophage
D. B cell

A

D. B cell
Rational: “memory” b cells create antibodies for a fast and strong immune response on second exposure

58
Q

which immune response is considered the first line response to a foreign invader?
A. innate
B. Antibody medicated
C. phagocytic
D. Cellular

A

C. Phagocytic
Rational: the phagocytic immune response is the “quick and dirty” of the immune response, WBCs ingest and destroy invades on contact

59
Q

what are treatments that alter immune response

A

surgery (portal of entry), radiation (trash bone marrow), drug therapy, and immunotherapy- Biologic Response Modifiers (mab drugs)

60
Q

what are the two drug therapies

A

chemotherapy and immunosuppression

61
Q

what are the two types of immunosuppression

A

transplants and anti-inflammatory

62
Q

what are the immunotherapies

A

growth factors, interleukins, and interferons

63
Q

true or false: gender is an important consideration in assessing risk for immune disorders

A

True
Rational: the sex hormones are felt to play a part in immune response and immune disorders

Adults (35 decks)

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