heart failure

Question 1

what happens during heart failure when the body demands more?

Answer 1

increases heart rate and therefore symptoms

Question 2

RAAS initiation related to heart fialure

Answer 2

constrict vessels, aldosterone release (holds fluid), increased blood pressure and volume, makes HF worse

Question 3

in heart failure, blood collects on the _____ side, causing ____ of blood

Answer 3

left, backflow

Question 4

blood congestion in lungs due to heart failure leads to fluid in ______ and ______

Answer 4

alveoli and lung tissues

Question 5

in heart failure, congestion starts on the ____ side and then eventually leads to congestion on the _____ side

Answer 5

left, right

Question 6

what are causes of left sided HF?

Answer 6

CAD, renal failure (RAAS), sleep apnea, MI

Question 7

what is the cause of right sided heart failure?

Answer 7

left sided heart failure

Question 8

how will a client present with heart failure?

Answer 8

SOB / activity intolerance
CP
crackles / resp distress
edema (pitting in LE)
palpitations / arrythmias

Question 9

BTNP / BNP is released when there is __________

Answer 9

increased ventricular stretch

Question 10

what does a CBC look at?

Answer 10

WBC, RBC, platelets

Question 11

what does a BMP look at?

Answer 11

electrolytes, BUN, creatinine

Question 12

what are consideration for a cardiac CT or angiogram (CTA)?

Answer 12

check creatine and kidney function for contrast

Question 13

what labs and diagnostics are used for heart failure?

Answer 13

BTNP, CBC/BNP, CXR, CT/CTA (angiography), echo, EKG

Question 14

what meds are used for heart failure?

Answer 14

ACE-Is, beta blockers, diuretics, anticoagulants, antiarrythmics, cardiac glycosides

Question 15

what do ACE-Is do and what is the example

Answer 15

block angiotensin from converting
lisinopril

Question 16

example of beta blockers used in heart failure?

Answer 16

metoprolol

Question 17

diuretics used in HF?

Answer 17

furosemide
spironolactone

Question 18

when are anticoagulants used in HF and example

Answer 18

only with arrythmia, warfarin

Question 19

what antiarrhythmics are used in HF

Answer 19

metoprolol
flecainide, sotalol, amiodarone

Question 20

what cardiac glycoside is used in HF?

Answer 20

digoxin (not really used bc of complications)

Question 21

what is used in emergent cases of HF when the patient cant breathe?

Answer 21

BiPAP

Question 22

in mild HF, the diet is ___-___l, while moderate/severe is ____k

Answer 22

2-3, less than 2