immune (HIV/AIDS) (4) Flashcards
what are risk factors for HIV?
-healthcare workers (exposure)
-geriatric pop. (no protection)
-drug abuse (needles)
-mother to baby
what condition affects the immune system, is an infectious disease, has viruses that are intracellular parasites, belongs to retroviruses
HIV
what does HIV infect?
-target cells (CD4 lymphocyte)
-monocytes
-dendritic cells
-brain microglia
how does HIV infect a T cell?
-HIV attaches to cell membrane
-virus uncoated and enters cell
-HIV copies itself inside host and destroys it
-new virus infects other cells
what tests positive result means that HIV antibodies are detected
ELISA (enzyme immunoassay)
which test detects HIV and confirms ELISA
antigen / antibody differentiation test
which test has a count that measures overall immune function and is used in HIV staging
CD4+ T-cell
what test measures HIV RNA in blood, helps measure treatment response. the lower the viral load, the longer the survival time
viral load testing
which stage of HIV is early infection and consists of seroconversion (antibodies made)
stage 0
what stage of HIV is when the person is still healthy, fighting, and winning?
stage 1
what is the CD4 count of stage 1 HIV
greater than 500
what stage of HIV can last for years and is when the person is fighting
stage 2
what is the CD4 count of stage 2 HIV
200-499
what stage of HIV is when they are losing the battle?
stage 3
what is the CD4 count of stage 3 HIV
less than 200
what are early sx of HIV
-virus-like
-disappears week-month
-fever
-fatigue
-lymphadenopathy
-highly infectious!!
what are later sx of HIV?
-lack of energy
-weight loss
-fever/sweat
-n/v
-headache
-truncal rash!!
-thrush
-mouth ulcers
what are the most advanced stages of HIV called?
AIDS
wha t2 things define AIDS
CD4 < 200 AND one or more AIDS defining illnesses
what are the AIDS defining illnesses?
-opportunistic infections
-cancers
-HIV encephalopathy (AIDS dementia)
-HIV wasting syndrome (weight loss, diarrhea, fever longer than 30 days)
what are some opportunistic infections involved in AIDS
-pneumocystis pneumonia
-mycobacterium avium complex
-tuberculosis
-candidiasis (thrush)
which opportunistic infection is characterized by fever, cough, and hypoxia
pneumocystis pneumonia
which opportunistic infection is characterized by night sweats, weight loss, and diarrhea
mycobacterium avium complex
which opportunistic infection is characterized by hemoptysis, night sweats, and weight loss
tuberculosis
which opportunistic infection is characterized by white oral lesions, coated tongue
candidiasis (thrush)
what is done for prevention of AIDS
-pre-exposure prophylaxis
-medicines to prevent permanent infection
-limit spread to partners
what combination therapy is used for HIV/AIDS to inhibit, reduce, and halt
ART antiretroviral therpy
what is the prognosis fir HIV/AIDS
-long-term non-progressor
-long-term survivor
what increases morbidity/mortality for HIV/AIDS
-lower socioeconomic status
-lack of access
-limited AIDS experience
-physician has little experience
T orF?
-pts may have false negative HIV antibody testing immediately after exposure
true, takes up to 2 weeks
which lab value evaluates HIV progress
CD4
