immune (HIV/AIDS) (4)

Question 1

what are risk factors for HIV?

Answer 1

-healthcare workers (exposure)
-geriatric pop. (no protection)
-drug abuse (needles)
-mother to baby

Question 2

what condition affects the immune system, is an infectious disease, has viruses that are intracellular parasites, belongs to retroviruses

Answer 2

HIV

Question 3

what does HIV infect?

Answer 3

-target cells (CD4 lymphocyte)
-monocytes
-dendritic cells
-brain microglia

Question 4

how does HIV infect a T cell?

Answer 4

-HIV attaches to cell membrane
-virus uncoated and enters cell
-HIV copies itself inside host and destroys it
-new virus infects other cells

Question 5

what tests positive result means that HIV antibodies are detected

Answer 5

ELISA (enzyme immunoassay)

Question 6

which test detects HIV and confirms ELISA

Answer 6

antigen / antibody differentiation test

Question 7

which test has a count that measures overall immune function and is used in HIV staging

Answer 7

CD4+ T-cell

Question 8

what test measures HIV RNA in blood, helps measure treatment response. the lower the viral load, the longer the survival time

Answer 8

viral load testing

Question 9

which stage of HIV is early infection and consists of seroconversion (antibodies made)

Answer 9

stage 0

Question 10

what stage of HIV is when the person is still healthy, fighting, and winning?

Answer 10

stage 1

Question 11

what is the CD4 count of stage 1 HIV

Answer 11

greater than 500

Question 12

what stage of HIV can last for years and is when the person is fighting

Answer 12

stage 2

Question 13

what is the CD4 count of stage 2 HIV

Answer 13

200-499

Question 14

what stage of HIV is when they are losing the battle?

Answer 14

stage 3

Question 15

what is the CD4 count of stage 3 HIV

Answer 15

less than 200

Question 16

what are early sx of HIV

Answer 16

-virus-like
-disappears week-month
-fever
-fatigue
-lymphadenopathy
-highly infectious!!

Question 17

what are later sx of HIV?

Answer 17

-lack of energy
-weight loss
-fever/sweat
-n/v
-headache
-truncal rash!!
-thrush
-mouth ulcers

Question 18

what are the most advanced stages of HIV called?

Answer 18

AIDS

Question 19

wha t2 things define AIDS

Answer 19

CD4 < 200 AND one or more AIDS defining illnesses

Question 20

what are the AIDS defining illnesses?

Answer 20

-opportunistic infections
-cancers
-HIV encephalopathy (AIDS dementia)
-HIV wasting syndrome (weight loss, diarrhea, fever longer than 30 days)

Question 21

what are some opportunistic infections involved in AIDS

Answer 21

-pneumocystis pneumonia
-mycobacterium avium complex
-tuberculosis
-candidiasis (thrush)

Question 22

which opportunistic infection is characterized by fever, cough, and hypoxia

Answer 22

pneumocystis pneumonia

Question 23

which opportunistic infection is characterized by night sweats, weight loss, and diarrhea

Answer 23

mycobacterium avium complex

Question 24

which opportunistic infection is characterized by hemoptysis, night sweats, and weight loss

Answer 24

tuberculosis

Question 25

which opportunistic infection is characterized by white oral lesions, coated tongue

Answer 25

candidiasis (thrush)

Question 26

what is done for prevention of AIDS

Answer 26

-pre-exposure prophylaxis
-medicines to prevent permanent infection
-limit spread to partners

Question 27

what combination therapy is used for HIV/AIDS to inhibit, reduce, and halt

Answer 27

ART antiretroviral therpy

Question 28

what is the prognosis fir HIV/AIDS

Answer 28

-long-term non-progressor
-long-term survivor

Question 29

what increases morbidity/mortality for HIV/AIDS

Answer 29

-lower socioeconomic status
-lack of access
-limited AIDS experience
-physician has little experience

Question 30

T orF?
-pts may have false negative HIV antibody testing immediately after exposure

Answer 30

true, takes up to 2 weeks

Question 31

which lab value evaluates HIV progress

Answer 31

CD4