assessment of respiratory function (Exam 1)

Question 1

what makes up the upper resp tract?

Answer 1

nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, tonsils, and adenoids, larynx, trachea, epiglottis

Question 2

what is the function of the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 2

warm/filter inspired air

Question 3

how many lobes are in each lung?

Answer 3

3 on the right, 2 on the left

Question 4

what is the serous membrane outside of the lungs?

Answer 4

pleura

Question 5

what are the layers of pleura?

Answer 5

visceral inner parietal layer, surfactant fluid middle later

Question 6

whta is the mediastinum

Answer 6

the chest cavity

Question 7

what is in the mediastinum?

Answer 7

lungs, heart, thymus, aorta, vena cava, esophagus

Question 8

what is the site of gas exchange?

Answer 8

alveoli

Question 9

how many alveoli are there and how much space do they take up?

Answer 9

300 mill
50-100 m^2 of space

Question 10

what is pleural effusion?

Answer 10

too much fluid in the space = hard to breathing

Question 11

ruptured pleural lining can lead to ______ lung pressure and the pressure can lead to _____

Answer 11

positive
collapse

Question 12

what uses oxygen at the cellular level

Answer 12

respiration

Question 13

what is the act of moving air in/out

Answer 13

ventilation

Question 14

what is pulmonary blood supply to the lungs?

Answer 14

perfusion

Question 15

what is oxygen and blood exchange?

Answer 15

diffusion

Question 16

assessment what is the balance between ventilation and perfusion?

Answer 16

they must be equal and each effects the other

Question 17

what in the CNS involves respiration

Answer 17

medulla and pons

Question 18

what from the CNS helps resting respirations

Answer 18

phrenic nerve

Question 19

what center of the brain involves deep respirations

Answer 19

apneustic center

Question 20

chemoreceptors respond to ______ changes

Answer 20

pH

Question 21

where do chemoreceptors respond to pH changes?

Answer 21

medulla

Question 22

where do chemoreceptors sense PaCO2, PaO2, and pH?

Answer 22

in aortic arch and carotid artery

Question 23

what responds to stretch, irritants, and juxtacapillary receptors (changes breath pattern)

Answer 23

mechanoreceptors

Question 24

what are muscles that respond to movement?

Answer 24

proprioceptors

Question 25

where are baroreceptors found?

Answer 25

in aortic arch and carotid

Question 26

what involves change in arterial BP?

Answer 26

baroreceptors

Question 27

as we age, alveoli decrease in ______ and ______

Answer 27

surface area and elasticity

Question 28

what aids in diagnosis and assessment of respiratory function

Answer 28

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

Question 29

what measures gas exchange at the cellular level?

Answer 29

Arterial blood gases (ABGs)

Question 30

what measures the balance of oxygen used by tissues and amount of oxygen returning to the right side of the heart

Answer 30

venous blood gases (VBGs)

Question 31

what noninvasively measures O2 saturation of hemoglobin

Answer 31

pulse ox

Question 32

what is the non-invasive method of monitoring parietal pressure of CO2 at end exhalation?

Answer 32

end-tidal carbon dioxide

Question 33

what is an excision of small amount of tissue for exam of cells

Answer 33

biopsy

Question 34

what tells us how the lungs are working by looking at various parts of resp. tract via live xray on a video screen

Answer 34

fluoroscopy

Question 35

what scan assesses for inflammation

Answer 35

gallium scan

Question 36

what scan do you inject radioactive dye in the vein then inhale radioactive gas with oxygen?

Answer 36

V/Q scan

Question 37

what is where a scope is placed in intercostal space to examine pleaural cavity

Answer 37

thoracoscopy

Question 38

ROME acronym

Answer 38

resp. opposite met. equal

Question 39

what is the normal pH for ABGs?

Answer 39

7.35-7.45

Question 40

what is normal PaCO2 for ABGs?

Answer 40

35-45

Question 41

what is normal HCO3 for ABGs?

Answer 41

22-26

Question 42

what values lead to respiratory acidosis?

Answer 42

low pH, high PaCO2

Question 43

what values lead to respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 43

high pH, low PaCO2

Question 44

what values lead to metabolic acidosis?

Answer 44

low pH, low HCO3

Question 45

what values lead to metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 45

high pH, high HCO3

Question 46

what is decreased oxygen to tissues and cells

Answer 46

hypoxia

Question 47

hat si a decrease in oxygen in arterial blood

Answer 47

hypoxemia

Question 48

what is inadequate capillary circulation?

Answer 48

circulatory hypoxia

Question 49

what is ingested toxin that impairs the body's ability to use oxygen?

Answer 49

histotoxic hypoxia

Question 50

what is the volume of air that normally movies in and out of the lungs in one quiet breath

Answer 50

tidal volume

Question 51

what is the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation?

Answer 51

inspiratory reserve volume

Question 52

what is the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation?

Answer 52

expiratory reserve volume

Question 53

what is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation, air that can not be exhaled

Answer 53

residual volume

Question 54

what is the maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation

Answer 54

vital capacity

Question 55

how to calculate vital capacity?

Answer 55

TV+IRV+ERV

Question 56

what is the volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation

Answer 56

inspiratory capacity

Question 57

ow to calculate inspiratory capacity?

Answer 57

TV+IRV

Question 58

what is the volume of air remaining after normal exhalation

Answer 58

functional residual capacity

Question 59

how to calculate functional residual capacity?

Answer 59

ERV+RV

Question 60

what is the maximum amount of air the lungs can accomodate?

Answer 60

total lung capacity

Question 61

how to calculate total lung capacity

Answer 61

IC+FRC