chronic pulmonary diseases (exam 1) Flashcards
preventable/treatable disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible (slow progressive)
COPD
COPD is a combo of chronic _____, ______, and ______
bronchitis, emphysema, astha
risks of COPD
-smoking/tobacco
-2nd hand smoke
-age
-occupation
complications of COPD
-hypoxia
-resp acidosis
-infection
-airway narrowing
-R HF
-dysrhythmias
-decreased life quality / death
3 primary sx of COPD
-chronic cough
-sputum
-dyspnea
emphysema involves weight ____, while bronchitis involves weight _____
loss, gain
which is the big blue bloater
chronic bronchitis
disease of the airways with chronic cough and sputum production
chronic bronchitis
to be considered chronic, bronchitis must last ________
3 mo out of the year for 2 consecutive years
how to use inhalers related to chronic bronchitis
exacerbation = steroid inhaler, then off and use maintenance
common characteristics of the “blue bloater”
-stocky
-fluid retention
-cough
-hypoxia
-edema
-hypercapnea
what is the “pink puffer”
emphysema
impaired oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange that is end stage, slowly progressive, and is the destruction of walls over distended alveoli
emphysema
what involves breakdown of alveolar walls with an increase in dead space where no gas exchange can occur
emphysema
barrel chest is often seen in
emphysema
common characteristics of chronic emphysema
-thin
-inc. resps to maintain O2
-accessory muscles
-pursed lip breathing
characteristics of the “pink puffer”
-CO2 retention
-no cyanosis
-ineffective cough
-dyspnea
-barrel chest
-thin
-short sentences
nutritional treatment for COPD
-small frequent meals
-high protein, LOW CARB, high fat
-hydration
what meds are used for COPD
bronchodilators, corticosteroids
what kind of surgery is for COPD
-lung volume reduction surgery
-lung transplant
chronic inflammatory disease of the airways
asthma
are asthmatic bronchospasms usually reversible?
usually
what cells respond to the allergy in asthma
mast cells
what cells do the clean up / mucus in asthma
macrophages
what cells are the first responders and initiate inflammatory response in asthma
neutrophils
what cells are in the body of allergies
eosiniphils
process of asthma?
hypoxia -> hyperventilation -> respiratory alkalosis -> increased CO2 -> respiratory acidosis -> respiratory failure
triggers of asthma
-allergens
-meds
-GERD
-strong odors
-hormones
-exercise, cold
-non-selective beta blockers
3 most common symptoms of asthma
-cough
-dyspnea
-wheezing
what diagnostics are used for asthma?
-forced expiratory volume
-forced vital capacity
-PFTs
what kind of asthma is where normal treatment cant stop it
status asthmaticus
what are the common inhaled corticosteroids
-fluticasone
-budesonide
-flunisolide
what should you do after taking steroid inhalant?
rinse mouth
what is the anticholinergic associated with asthma?
ipratropium
what are the short acting bronchodilators (beta 2 adrenergic agonists)
-albuterol
-levalbuterol
what are the long acting B2 adrenergic agonists (maintenance)
-salmeterol
-formoterol
combination asthma meds
-fluticasone-salmeterol
-budesonide-formoterol
leukotriene modifiers for astham
montelukast
immunomodulator for asthma
-IgE-inhibiting IgG monoclonal antibody (omalizumab)
