chronic pulmonary diseases (exam 1)

Question 1

preventable/treatable disease characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible (slow progressive)

Answer 1

COPD

Question 2

COPD is a combo of chronic _____, ______, and ______

Answer 2

bronchitis, emphysema, astha

Question 3

risks of COPD

Answer 3

-smoking/tobacco
-2nd hand smoke
-age
-occupation

Question 4

complications of COPD

Answer 4

-hypoxia
-resp acidosis
-infection
-airway narrowing
-R HF
-dysrhythmias
-decreased life quality / death

Question 5

3 primary sx of COPD

Answer 5

-chronic cough
-sputum
-dyspnea

Question 6

emphysema involves weight ____, while bronchitis involves weight _____

Answer 6

loss, gain

Question 7

which is the big blue bloater

Answer 7

chronic bronchitis

Question 8

disease of the airways with chronic cough and sputum production

Answer 8

chronic bronchitis

Question 9

to be considered chronic, bronchitis must last ________

Answer 9

3 mo out of the year for 2 consecutive years

Question 10

how to use inhalers related to chronic bronchitis

Answer 10

exacerbation = steroid inhaler, then off and use maintenance

Question 11

common characteristics of the “blue bloater”

Answer 11

-stocky
-fluid retention
-cough
-hypoxia
-edema
-hypercapnea

Question 12

what is the “pink puffer”

Answer 12

emphysema

Question 13

impaired oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange that is end stage, slowly progressive, and is the destruction of walls over distended alveoli

Answer 13

emphysema

Question 14

what involves breakdown of alveolar walls with an increase in dead space where no gas exchange can occur

Answer 14

emphysema

Question 15

barrel chest is often seen in

Answer 15

emphysema

Question 16

common characteristics of chronic emphysema

Answer 16

-thin
-inc. resps to maintain O2
-accessory muscles
-pursed lip breathing

Question 17

characteristics of the “pink puffer”

Answer 17

-CO2 retention
-no cyanosis
-ineffective cough
-dyspnea
-barrel chest
-thin
-short sentences

Question 18

nutritional treatment for COPD

Answer 18

-small frequent meals
-high protein, LOW CARB, high fat
-hydration

Question 19

what meds are used for COPD

Answer 19

bronchodilators, corticosteroids

Question 20

what kind of surgery is for COPD

Answer 20

-lung volume reduction surgery
-lung transplant

Question 21

chronic inflammatory disease of the airways

Answer 21

asthma

Question 22

are asthmatic bronchospasms usually reversible?

Answer 22

usually

Question 23

what cells respond to the allergy in asthma

Answer 23

mast cells

Question 24

what cells do the clean up / mucus in asthma

Answer 24

macrophages

Question 25

what cells are the first responders and initiate inflammatory response in asthma

Answer 25

neutrophils

Question 26

what cells are in the body of allergies

Answer 26

eosiniphils

Question 27

process of asthma?

Answer 27

hypoxia -> hyperventilation -> respiratory alkalosis -> increased CO2 -> respiratory acidosis -> respiratory failure

Question 28

triggers of asthma

Answer 28

-allergens -meds -GERD -strong odors -hormones -exercise, cold -non-selective beta blockers

Question 29

3 most common symptoms of asthma

Answer 29

-cough -dyspnea -wheezing

Question 30

what diagnostics are used for asthma?

Answer 30

-forced expiratory volume -forced vital capacity -PFTs

Question 31

what kind of asthma is where normal treatment cant stop it

Answer 31

status asthmaticus

Question 32

what are the common inhaled corticosteroids

Answer 32

-fluticasone -budesonide -flunisolide

Question 33

what should you do after taking steroid inhalant?

Answer 33

rinse mouth

Question 34

what is the anticholinergic associated with asthma?

Answer 34

ipratropium

Question 35

what are the short acting bronchodilators (beta 2 adrenergic agonists)

Answer 35

-albuterol -levalbuterol

Question 36

what are the long acting B2 adrenergic agonists (maintenance)

Answer 36

-salmeterol -formoterol

Question 37

combination asthma meds

Answer 37

-fluticasone-salmeterol -budesonide-formoterol

Question 38

leukotriene modifiers for astham

Answer 38

montelukast

Question 39

immunomodulator for asthma

Answer 39

-IgE-inhibiting IgG monoclonal antibody (omalizumab)