thyroid/parathyroid

Question 1

what is the function hormone of the thyroid?

Answer 1

TH

Question 2

what controls TH

Answer 2

TSH

Question 3

T3 is ____ times more potent than T4

Answer 3

five

Question 4

what are some things that thyroid hormone does?

Answer 4

-increase BMR
-increase growth
-stimulate protein synthesis
-INSULIN ANTAGONIST

Question 5

what is secreted in response to high calcium levels

Answer 5

calcitonin

Question 6

what increses calcium deposition in bone

Answer 6

calcitonin

Question 7

enlargement of thyroid gland

Answer 7

goiter

Question 8

what is primary hypothyroidism called?

Answer 8

Hashimoto’s

Question 9

what classifies primary hypothyroidism

Answer 9

no TSH responding

Question 10

what is hyperthyroidism called?

Answer 10

grave’s disease

Question 11

what happens when antibodies want to sit on receptors and make lots of hormones

Answer 11

hyperthyroidism (graves)

Question 12

what is an extreme complication of hyperthyroidism

Answer 12

thyroid storm (thyrotoxicosis)

Question 13

inspection and palpation involving thyroid glands

Answer 13

throat thickening (swallow), breathing, size, symmetrical, tender

Question 14

which thyroid test is an accurate indicator of thyroid problems

Answer 14

T3 resin uptake

Question 15

what measures rate of idoine

Answer 15

radioactive iodine uptake

Question 16

what does a fine needle aspiration biopsy do?

Answer 16

look for cancer

Question 17

patho of secondary hypothyroid

Answer 17

inc. TRH -> dec. TSH = dec. T3 T4

Question 18

what are some meds that affect thyroid testing

Answer 18

-amiodarone
-aspirin
-cimetidine
-estrogens
-furosemide
-glucocorticoids
-heparin
-lithium
-phenytoin

Question 19

what is deficiency of TH

Answer 19

hypothyroidism

Question 20

characteristics of hypothyroidism

Answer 20

-slowed metabolism
-decreased heat production
-decreased oxygen consumption by tissues

Question 21

what is primary hypothyroidism

Answer 21

-autoimmune thyroiditis (hashimoto)
-95% of cases
-involves actual gland

Question 22

what is secondary hypothyroidism

Answer 22

-overtreatment of hyperthyroidism
-thyroidectomy (replace hormones)
-radioactive iodine
-something else causes it, not a gland problem

Question 23

clinical manifestations / symptoms of hypothyroidism

Answer 23

-intolerance to cold
-dry skin
-hair loss
-anorexia
-lethargy
-muscle cramps/wekaness
-apathy
-facial/eyelid edema
-blank expression
-brittle nails and hair

Question 24

what is a major problem from hypothyroidism

Answer 24

myxedema

Question 25

describe myxedema

Answer 25

-elevated cholesterol -life threatening and rare -undiagnosed/undertreated -can be exacerbated

Question 26

what other complications come from myxedema?

Answer 26

-hyponatremia -hypercalcemia -hypoglycemia -water intoxication -hypoventilation

Question 27

what are some symptoms of myxedema?

Answer 27

depression, diminished cognitive status, lethargy, and somnolence

Question 28

which symptoms of myxedema are life threatening and require intensive support

Answer 28

-hyponatremia -hypoglycemia -hypoventilation -hypotension -bradycardia -hyponatremia -CV collapse -shock

Question 29

pharmacologic therapy for hypothyroidism

Answer 29

levothyroxine (replacing TH, not TSH)

Question 30

how do you manage hypothyroidism?

Answer 30

administer thyroid hormone

Question 31

what are interventions for myxedema?

Answer 31

ventilation, control co2, maintain vs, not too much fluid

Question 32

what do hypothyroidism meds effect and what kind if effects

Answer 32

-increase warfarin effectiveness -CV effects of adrenergic agents

Question 33

what does graves disease (hyperthyroidism) have?

Answer 33

toxic, difffuse, goiter

Question 34

three hallmarks of hyperthyroidism (graves)

Answer 34

goiter, hyperthyroidism, exopthalmos

Question 35

average age of graves (hyperthyroidism)

Answer 35

-

Question 36

hat antibodies are made in graves disease?

Answer 36

IgG antibodies

Question 37

what is hyoerthyroidism

Answer 37

excess thyroid hormone (grave's)

Question 38

what are common forms of hyperthyroidism

Answer 38

-toxic multinodular goiter -toxic adenoma -thyroiditis -grave's

Question 39

clinical manifestations (signs) of hyperthyroidism

Answer 39

-intolerance to heat -oily skin -weight loss -bulging eyes -tachycardia -breast enlargement -inc. systolic -tremors -clubbing

Question 40

complications of hyperthyroidism

Answer 40

-exopthalmos -heart disease -thyroid storm

Question 41

what are other names for thyroid storm

Answer 41

thyroid crisis thyroid toxicosis

Question 42

what is medical management for hyperthyroidism

Answer 42

-anti-thyroid meds -SSKI (lugols solution) -radioactive iodine -thyroidectomy

Question 43

what are antithyroid meds?

Answer 43

PTU and methimazole (tapazole)

Question 44

nursing interventions for hyperthyroidism

Answer 44

-maintain high calorie high protein -daily weight -maintain cardiac output

Question 45

enlargement of the thyroid gland after swallowing/breathing

Answer 45

goiter

Question 46

where do goiters come from

Answer 46

hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism

Question 47

are goiters malignant

Answer 47

could be either

Question 48

types of goiters

Answer 48

-endemic (iodine deficient) -nodular

Question 49

what are endemic goiters and where do they come from?

Answer 49

-iodine deficient -from hypothyroidism

Question 50

what is a nodular goiter

Answer 50

-benign but can turn malignant -from hyperthyroidism

Question 51

risk factors for thyroid tumors

Answer 51

-external radiation -smoking -sedentary -unhealthy eating -high stress

Question 52

pre-op care fro thyroid cancer

Answer 52

CBC, anemia, calcium, thyroid level, what to expect, yankaur

Question 53

post op care for thyroid cancer

Answer 53

-inc. HOB for edema, dont move head (sandbags), look for blood behind head, monitor complications

Question 54

what is important to monitor after a thyroidectomy

Answer 54

calcium

Question 55

how many parathyroid glands are there?

Answer 55

4, up to 12

Question 56

what does PTH do

Answer 56

regulate calcium

Question 57

secondary hyperparathyroidism causes _______

Answer 57

increased clacium in blood

Question 58

over activity of one or more parathyroid glands

Answer 58

hyperparathyroidism

Question 59

excess parathyroid hormone = ______

Answer 59

increased serum calcium

Question 60

what can hyperparathyroidism lead to?

Answer 60

-inc. calcium (in blood) -bone decalcification (pulled from bone) -renal calculi

Question 61

how old are hyperparathyroid patients

Answer 61

> 60

Question 62

s/sx hyperparathyroidism

Answer 62

-anorexia -n/v -constipation -abd pain, bone pain -bone cysts -dysrhythmias -fatigue

Question 63

what is a complication of hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 63

hypercalcemic crisis

Question 64

what levels classify hypercalcemic crisis?

Answer 64

> 13 mg/dl

Question 65

what do pts with hyperparathyroidism need

Answer 65

rapid rehydration (calcitonin)

Question 66

medical management of hyperparathyroidism

Answer 66

-surgical removal (hypoparathyroidism) -hydration therapy -mobility -diet and meds

Question 67

what meds are used in hyperparathyroidism

Answer 67

calcium chelators phosphates calcitonin

Question 68

nursing care for hyperparathyroidism

Answer 68

monitor for stones VS strain urine limit fluids with calcium

Question 69

what are causes of hypoparathyroidism

Answer 69

-iatrogenic (treatment-induced) -idiopathic (unknown)

Question 70

s/sx of hypoparathyroidism

Answer 70

n/t cramps spasms seizures mental changes muscle contractions chvostek (facial) and trousseau (wrist/hand)

Question 71

complications of hypoparathyroidism

Answer 71

-respiratory obstruction (spasms) -calcification of eyes/basal ganglia

Question 72

hoe to diagnose hypoparathyroidism

Answer 72

EEG, labs (PTH), CT

Question 73

in hypoparathyroidism, focus on correcting...

Answer 73

-hypocalcemia (replace magnesium) CALCIUM GLUCONATE! -vit. D deficiency -hypomagnesemia