oral & esophageal (final) Flashcards
periodontal disease is connected to what other systemic diseases?
-cardiovascular disease
-diabetes (DM)
-rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
what is the most common cuase of tooth loss among adults
periodontal disease
what groups are at greater risk for periodontal disease
-increased age
-black/hispanic
-current smokers
-lack of dental care (socioeconomic)
what term means dry mouth
xerostomia
what comdition is where there is…
- opening in the esophagus
- contensts go into the mediastinum
- can lead to sepsis
perforation
what are causes of perforation?
-boerhaave syndrome (15%)
-procedures (NG/EGD/ET)
-chemical ingestion
-foreign bodies
-stab/gunshot
how will a client present with perforation
-neck/shoulder/lower back
-can’t lie flat
-tachypnea and tachycardia
-severe hypotension
-fever and chills
-dysphagia and vomiting
-pain
what labs/test are for perforation
-fluoroscopy
-CT
-EGD
what kind of meds can help perforation?
broad spectrum antibiotics
what are surgical interventions for perforation
could have no surgery, minimal surgery, or major surgery
what are complications of perforation
-pneumonia
-sepsis
-death
-ARDS
what are causes of foreign bodies entering the esophagus?
- not properly chewing food
- children putting objects in mouth
- fish bones (not tender)
- grapes, peanuts, candy, hot dog
how will a client that has foreign bodies in the esophagus present?
- acute dysphagia
- increased saliva
- odynophagia (painful swallowing)
- gag/choke
- CP
what labs/test are for foreign esophagus bodies
- x-ray
- fluoroscopy/EGD
complications of foreign bodies in esopagus?
obstruction and perforation
what med may help foreign bodies in the esophagus
glucagon (dilate smooth muscle)
surgical intervention for foreign bodies in the esophagus
EGD
what can you educate involving foreign bodies of the esophagus
-teach about small objects
-tell to follow up with GI
causes of chemical burns of the esophagus?
- acid/base
- intentional/unintentional
- meds
how will a client with an esophageal chemical burn present
- dysphagia
- stridor, wheezing, dyspnea, tachypnea
- abd tender/guarding
- bleeding/shock
labs/tests for chemical burns of esophagus
- chest/abd x-ray
- eventual EGD
meds that can help esophageal chemical burns
- corticosteroids
- antibiotics
interventions for esophageal chemical burns
- do not induce vomiting
- prepare for emergent intubation
- neutralize chemicals
hoe can nurses help with esophageal chemical burns
- talk to parents about toxins
- know poison control
- discuss long-term complications
- enteral feeding (G/J tube)
- pneumatic dilation (scarring, cant expand)
what are causes of GERD
- incompetent LES
- hiatial hernia
- pregnancy
- motility disorder
how will a client with GERD present?
- pyrosis (burning)
- CP
- dysphagia
- dyspepsia/regurgitation
- sensation in throat
- disrupted sleep
complications of GERD
- esophageal stricture
- esophageal ulcer
- barrett’s esophagua
what lab/tests are for GERD
- EGD
- fluoroscopy
what surgical interventions are for GERD
- nissen fundoplication (wrap stomach around esophagus
- LINX
what meds help GERD
- antacids
- H2s (famotidine)
* PPIs (omeprazole)!!! - prokinetics (metoclopramide)
what are the 2 major types of esophageal cancer
- adenocarcinoma
- squamous cell carcinoma
which esophageal cancer has risk factors of GERD, tobacco/alcohol, and barrett’s esophagus
adenocarcinoma
which esophageal cancer has risk factors of chronic ingestion of hot/cold foods, poor oral hygeine, alcohol/tobacco, nutritional deficiency, and injury to esophagus
squamous cell carcinoma
where is esophageal cancer usually found?
distal esophagus and gastroesophageal junction
is esophageal cancer treatable?
if found early its curable, if found late treat symptoms
what can be done for esophageal cancer
surgery, radiation, chemo, esophagectomy
