management of pts w/ MS disorders (4)

Question 1

what are causes of low back pain?

Answer 1

-“awkward mvmt”
-trauma/fall
-OA of spine
-OP of vertebrae
-scoliosis

Question 2

acute back pain lasts shorter than this amt of time, chronic lasts longer than this time

Answer 2

3 months

Question 3

how does a client with lower back pain present?

Answer 3

-radiculopathy
-sciatica
-sharp/stabbing pain
-sacral and lumbar

Question 4

diagnostic tests for low back pain

Answer 4

x-ray
CT/MRI

Question 5

what can not be used for low back pain?

Answer 5

narcotics

Question 6

what meds are used for chronic lower back pain

Answer 6

TCAs (amitriptyline)
SSRIs (duloxetine)
atypical anticonvulsants (gabapentin)

Question 7

complications of lower back pain

Answer 7

loss of bowel or bladder function

Question 8

what should you take for daily back pain?

Answer 8

NSAIDs

Question 9

what kind of NSAIDs are used for back pain

Answer 9

-ibuprofen/ASA
-ketorolac
-tramadol

Question 10

what muscle relaxants are used for back pain

Answer 10

cyclobenzaprine

Question 11

what tricyclic antidepressants / atypical anticonvulsants are sued for back pain

Answer 11

amitriptyline
duloxetine
gabapentin

Question 12

what opioids are used for back pain?

Answer 12

-hydrocodone/acetaminophen
-oxycodone/acetaminophen

Question 13

what is needed to absorb calcium?

Answer 13

active vitamin D

Question 14

what are food sources of calcium?

Answer 14

beans, milk, cheese, yogurt, sardines, oranges

Question 15

what are food sources of vitamin d

Answer 15

-cheese
-margarine
-butter
-fortified milk
-healthy cereal
-fatty fish

Question 16

what is happening in osteoporosis?

Answer 16

-reduced bone mass
-deterioration of bone matrix
-diminished architectural strength
-fracture easily under stress

Question 17

how will a client with osteoporosis present?

Answer 17

-back pain
-loss of height
-stooped posture
-bones fracture easily
-early = no sx

Question 18

lab tests for osteoporosis

Answer 18

DEXA scan!!
xray, serum P&Ca, ALP, urine Ca, hematocrit

Question 19

what are foods that can help osteoporosis

Answer 19

cheese, dairy, broccoli, canned salmon

Question 20

why are biphosphates used to help osteoporosis

Answer 20

slow osteoclasts to decrease bone loss

Question 21

what are the bisphosphates used for osteoporosis

Answer 21

alendronate!!! (weekly pill)
risedronate, ibandronate, zoledronic acid

Question 22

what is the antineoplastic used for osteoporosis

Answer 22

denosumab

Question 23

what estrogens are used for osteoporosis

Answer 23

raloxifene

Question 24

what is the condition of soft/weak skeletal bones
-commonly in lower back, pelvis, hips, legs, and ribs

Answer 24

Osteomalacia

Question 25

osteomalacia is a _______issue

Answer 25

vitamin d

Question 26

what are causes of osteomalacia?

Answer 26

-renal failure
-GI disorder
-hyperparathyroidism
-meds
-lack of vitamin d
-malnutrition

Question 27

how will a client with osteomalacia present?

Answer 27

-pain/tenderness to bone
-bowing of bones
-possible fractures
-possible pathologic fxs
-waddling gait
-possible steatorrhea
-pain not relieved by rest

Question 28

labs and tests for osteomalacia

Answer 28

xray, serum Ca/P levels&ALP, urine CA and creatinine

Question 29

what are complications of osteomalacia

Answer 29

fractures

Question 30

how can nurses help pts with osteomalacia

Answer 30

-discuss diet
-supplements for liver/kidney issues
-sunlight
-braces