gastric & duodenal disorders (final) Flashcards
what are all of the BMI values
- <18.5 = underweight
- 18.5-<25 normal weight
- > 25-<30 is overweight
- > 30=obese
- > 40 = morbidly obese
how to calculate BMI
height in inches vs. body weight in pounds
what are causes of a hiatial hernia?
- weakened mescle
- age-related changes
- injury
- persistent pressure (pregnant)
what is happening with a hiatial hernia?
stomach protrudes through diaphragm
labs/tests for hiatial hernia
- x-ray
- upper endoscopy
what meds can help hiatial hernia
- antacids
- H2 blockers
- PPIs
what are complications of hiatial hernia?
- very large = surgery
- strangulation/ischemia
surgical intervention for hiatial hernia
nissen fundoplication (stomach around esophagus)
considerations for hiatial hernia
- smaller frequent meals
- avoid triggers
- stay upright
- maintain healthy weight
- smoking cessation
- med compliance
- discuss complications
what are cuases of gastritis
- h. pylori
- NSAIDS
- older age
- excessive alcohol
- stress
- autoimmune
what condition is classified by…
* injury to gastric mucosa
* HCL damage/inflammation
gastritis
how will a client present with gastritis
- asymptomatic
- gnawing/pyrosis
- n/v anorexia
- “full” after small food
- if severe, hematochezia (bright blood), hematemesis, melena (dark blood)
lab/test for gastritis
- EGD (and biopsy)
- H&H and CBC
what meds can help gastritis
- antibiotics
- PPI (omeprazole)
- H2 (ranitidine)
- antacids
is surgery done for gastritis
if severe enough
complications of gastritis
- ulcers
- bleeding
- pernicious anemia
- stomach CA
hiw can nurses help gastritis
- often self-resolving
- eat smaller, more frequent meals
- avoid alc/NSAIDS
- h. pylori
- assess for bleeding
what are causes of peptic ulcer disease
- h. pylori
- long-term NSAID/ASA
- other meds
what is happening in peptic ulcer disease
- increased acid/decreased mucous
- stomachlining eroding
- open sores
how will a client with peptic ulcer disase present?
- asymp.
- gnaw/burn
- bloat/belch
- fatty food intolerance
- pyrosis, nausea
what kind of PUD is where eating hurts
gastric
what kind of PUD is where eating relieves pain
duodenal
labs/tests for PUD
- occult stool tests
- CBC/BMP
- EGD with biopsy
- fluoroscopy
what meds can help PUD from h. pylori
- triple antibiotic
- PPI/H2/antacids
what meds can help PUD not from h. pylori
PPI/H2/antacids
-not antibiotic
what are complications of PUD
-internal bleeding
-infection
-obstruction
-refractory ulcers
considerations for PUD
- have antacids/H2s ready
- avoid NSAIDS
- avoid triggers
- choose healthy diet
- consider probiotics
- emilinate milk
- adequate sleep
pharm management of obesity
orlistat (xenical)
lorcaserin (belviq)
sibutramine HCL (meridia)
what is the most common bariatric surgery
roux-en-Y (gastric bypass)
what are the risks of gastric bypass
- same as general surgery
- dumping syndrome
- bowel obstruction
- hypoglycemia
- malnutrition
- ulcer/gallstones
how can nurses help with gastric bypass
- counseling
- pre-surgery weight loss goal
- physical activity
- tobacco cessation
- progressive diet
- 3-6 mo. of malaise
