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Adults > Burns > Flashcards

Burns Flashcards

1
Q

men are ____ as likely than women to experience burns

A

twice

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2
Q

what is the most frequent age group

A

20-30

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3
Q

what are the high risk behaviors

A
  • alcohol use/abuse
  • smoking (leading cause of fire death in US)
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4
Q

What are the burn injury prevention recommendations?

A
  • smoke detectors/ co monitors/ fire extinguishers
  • keep matches and lighters out of reach of children
    -avoid extension cords/electric cords under rugs
  • home exit plan/drill
  • community education
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5
Q

How is burn severity effected by age?

A

the young and elderly have less fat, making it easier to burn

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6
Q

What is the burn depth of first degree burns?

A

top/epidermis (red/hurt)

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7
Q

what is the burn depth of second degree burns?

A

epidermis and some dermis (scald)

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8
Q

what is the burn depth of third degree burns?

A

full thickness; epidermis + dermis + subcue
(chemical fires are an example)

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9
Q

what is burn depth of fourth degree burns?

A

full, but with muscle and bone exposed
(electrical fire is an example)

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10
Q

What is TBSA?

A

total body surface area

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11
Q

what is used for adults and divides the body into percents?

A

rule of nines

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12
Q

what method do you not need to calculate and measures a specific percent of body parts?

A

Lund and Browder Method

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13
Q

What method says that each hand is 1% of burn?

A

Palmer Method

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14
Q

What is a result of chemical injury or heat transfer from one site to another, causing tissue destruction?

A

burn injury

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15
Q

what are the mechanisms of burns

A

heat, chemicals, radiation, thermal, inhalation

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16
Q

what zone is the central area of the burn

A

zone of coagulation

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17
Q

what burn zone has no chance of skin coming back?

A

zone of coagulation

18
Q

what burn zone is the surrounding zone

A

zone of stasis

19
Q

in what zone is the victim injured, and could either survive or die?

A

zone of stasis

20
Q

what burn zone is the outermost

A

zone of hyperemia

21
Q

what burn zone has the least damage, and the victim is likely to recover?

A

zone of hyperemia

22
Q

what are the cardiovascular alterations of burns

A
  • decreased CO
  • hypovolemia
  • shock
  • increased vascular permeability
23
Q

alterations in respirations related to burns

A

airway closes; becomes constricted

24
Q

thermoregulatory alterations related to burns

A

can’t keep heat in

25
Q

What leads to increased risk for morbidity and mortality

A

40% total body surface area burns

26
Q

What are the three treatment phases?

A
  • emergent/resuscitative phase
  • acute/intermediate phase
  • rehabilitation phase
27
Q

what is another name for the emergent phase

A

resuscitative phase

28
Q

what is another name for the acute phase

A

intermediate phase

29
Q

What do you do on scene in the emergent/resuscitative phase?

A
  • remove patient from source/ stop burning process
  • establish airway/ supply oxygen
  • insert large bore iv line
  • cover wounds with clean dry cloth/ gauze
  • if chemical, irrigate wound continuously
30
Q

what are the priorities in the emergent/resuscitative phase

A
  • prevention of shock
  • prevention of respiratory distress
31
Q

how do you prevent shock from burns

A
  • fluids
  • keep blood pressure up
32
Q

When are patients most at risk for respiratory distress from burns

A

24-48 hours

33
Q

What is the duration of the emergent/resuscitative phase

A

from onset of injury to completion of fluid resuscitation (0-48 hrs)

34
Q

what are the priorities of the acute/intermediate phase?

A
  • wound care and closure
  • prevention or treatment of complications/infection
  • nutritional support
  • pain management
35
Q

what do you do for wound care and closure in the acute/intermediate phase

A
  • wound debridement
  • wound grafting
36
Q

what can you do to help prevent complications or treat infections in the acute/intermediate phase?

A

increase protein for healing

37
Q

what is the duration of the acute/intermediate phase

A

from beginning of diuresis to near completion of wound closure (could be months)

38
Q

what are some important things to know about skin grafting

A
  • keep donor site clean/ no pressure
  • 2 weeks to heal
  • keep graft site immobilized
  • don’t dress for 2-4 days
39
Q

what are the priorities of the rehabilitation phase

A
  • prevention and treatment of scars and contractures
  • physical, occupational, and vocational rehabilitation
  • functional and cosmetic reconstruction
  • psychosocial counseling
40
Q

what is the duration of the rehabilitation phase

A

from major wound closure to return to individual’s optimal level of physical and psychosocial adjustment (basically rest of life)

41
Q

which degree of burn would you find skin that is white, charred, and leathery?

A

third

42
Q

what is our main focus in the emergent phase of burn recovery?

A

fluid volume management

Adults (35 decks)

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