Burns

Question 1

men are ____ as likely than women to experience burns

Answer 1

twice

Question 2

what is the most frequent age group

Answer 2

20-30

Question 3

what are the high risk behaviors

Answer 3

• alcohol use/abuse
• smoking (leading cause of fire death in US)

Question 4

What are the burn injury prevention recommendations?

Answer 4

• smoke detectors/ co monitors/ fire extinguishers
• keep matches and lighters out of reach of children
  -avoid extension cords/electric cords under rugs
• home exit plan/drill
• community education

Question 5

How is burn severity effected by age?

Answer 5

the young and elderly have less fat, making it easier to burn

Question 6

What is the burn depth of first degree burns?

Answer 6

top/epidermis (red/hurt)

Question 7

what is the burn depth of second degree burns?

Answer 7

epidermis and some dermis (scald)

Question 8

what is the burn depth of third degree burns?

Answer 8

full thickness; epidermis + dermis + subcue
(chemical fires are an example)

Question 9

what is burn depth of fourth degree burns?

Answer 9

full, but with muscle and bone exposed
(electrical fire is an example)

Question 10

What is TBSA?

Answer 10

total body surface area

Question 11

what is used for adults and divides the body into percents?

Answer 11

rule of nines

Question 12

what method do you not need to calculate and measures a specific percent of body parts?

Answer 12

Lund and Browder Method

Question 13

What method says that each hand is 1% of burn?

Answer 13

Palmer Method

Question 14

What is a result of chemical injury or heat transfer from one site to another, causing tissue destruction?

Answer 14

burn injury

Question 15

what are the mechanisms of burns

Answer 15

heat, chemicals, radiation, thermal, inhalation

Question 16

what zone is the central area of the burn

Answer 16

zone of coagulation

Question 17

what burn zone has no chance of skin coming back?

Answer 17

zone of coagulation

Question 18

what burn zone is the surrounding zone

Answer 18

zone of stasis

Question 19

in what zone is the victim injured, and could either survive or die?

Answer 19

zone of stasis

Question 20

what burn zone is the outermost

Answer 20

zone of hyperemia

Question 21

what burn zone has the least damage, and the victim is likely to recover?

Answer 21

zone of hyperemia

Question 22

what are the cardiovascular alterations of burns

Answer 22

• decreased CO
• hypovolemia
• shock
• increased vascular permeability

Question 23

alterations in respirations related to burns

Answer 23

airway closes; becomes constricted

Question 24

thermoregulatory alterations related to burns

Answer 24

can’t keep heat in

Question 25

What leads to increased risk for morbidity and mortality

Answer 25

40% total body surface area burns

Question 26

What are the three treatment phases?

Answer 26

- emergent/resuscitative phase - acute/intermediate phase - rehabilitation phase

Question 27

what is another name for the emergent phase

Answer 27

resuscitative phase

Question 28

what is another name for the acute phase

Answer 28

intermediate phase

Question 29

What do you do on scene in the emergent/resuscitative phase?

Answer 29

- remove patient from source/ stop burning process - establish airway/ supply oxygen - insert large bore iv line - cover wounds with clean dry cloth/ gauze - if chemical, irrigate wound continuously

Question 30

what are the priorities in the emergent/resuscitative phase

Answer 30

- prevention of shock - prevention of respiratory distress

Question 31

how do you prevent shock from burns

Answer 31

- fluids - keep blood pressure up

Question 32

When are patients most at risk for respiratory distress from burns

Answer 32

24-48 hours

Question 33

What is the duration of the emergent/resuscitative phase

Answer 33

from onset of injury to completion of fluid resuscitation (0-48 hrs)

Question 34

what are the priorities of the acute/intermediate phase?

Answer 34

- wound care and closure - prevention or treatment of complications/infection - nutritional support - pain management

Question 35

what do you do for wound care and closure in the acute/intermediate phase

Answer 35

- wound debridement - wound grafting

Question 36

what can you do to help prevent complications or treat infections in the acute/intermediate phase?

Answer 36

increase protein for healing

Question 37

what is the duration of the acute/intermediate phase

Answer 37

from beginning of diuresis to near completion of wound closure (could be months)

Question 38

what are some important things to know about skin grafting

Answer 38

- keep donor site clean/ no pressure - 2 weeks to heal - keep graft site immobilized - don't dress for 2-4 days

Question 39

what are the priorities of the rehabilitation phase

Answer 39

- prevention and treatment of scars and contractures - physical, occupational, and vocational rehabilitation - functional and cosmetic reconstruction - psychosocial counseling

Question 40

what is the duration of the rehabilitation phase

Answer 40

from major wound closure to return to individual's optimal level of physical and psychosocial adjustment (basically rest of life)

Question 41

which degree of burn would you find skin that is white, charred, and leathery?

Answer 41

third

Question 42

what is our main focus in the emergent phase of burn recovery?

Answer 42

fluid volume management