management of pts w/ MS trauma (4)

Question 1

what is injury to ligaments and tendons from twisting/hyperextension

Answer 1

sprain (grades 1, 2, and 3)

Question 2

what is injury to muscle/tendon from overuse, overstretching, or excessive stress

Answer 2

strain (grades 1, 2, and 3)

Question 3

what is a soft tissue injury from blunt force (blow, kick, fall)

Answer 3

contusion

Question 4

what is nursing care for sprain, strain, and contusion?

Answer 4

PRICE (protect, rest, ice, compression, elevation)

Question 5

what is when the joint is no longer in anatomic alignment?

Answer 5

joint dislocation

Question 6

what is subluxation?

Answer 6

partial dislocation

Question 7

what is when vessels shear and there is no blood supply

Answer 7

avascular necrosis

Question 8

what are acute interventions for dislocation?

Answer 8

xray, immobilize and reduce joint (back in alignment), pain meds

Question 9

what is a rip in the tendon connecting rotator muscle to radial head

Answer 9

TORN ROTATOR CUFF

Question 10

what is used to help a torn roatator cuff?

Answer 10

sling & swath (keep arm close)

Question 11

what are causes of fractures?

Answer 11

-direct blows
-crushing forces
-sudden twisting

Question 12

diagnostics for fractures

Answer 12

-xray
-CT (extensive damage)

Question 13

acute interventions for open fracture

Answer 13

cover with saline soaked gauze, prepare for surgery (osteomyelitis risk)

Question 14

acute interventions for closed fracture

Answer 14

reduction and immobilization

Question 15

complications of fractures

Answer 15

-avascular necrosis
-hemorrhage
-fat embolus
-compartment syndrome

Question 16

what is nonunion

Answer 16

not healing

Question 17

what is malunion

Answer 17

healed wrong

Question 18

what causes pelvic fractures

Answer 18

-falls from great height
-MVA, vehicle/pedestrian

Question 19

how will a client with a pelvic fracture present

Answer 19

-ecchymosis/tender
-edema & n/t to pubis, genitals, and thighs
-pain when weight bearing

Question 20

lab tests for pelvic fractures

Answer 20

CT/CBC

Question 21

acute interventions for pelvic fractures

Answer 21

immobilize for surgery
blood transfusions

Question 22

complications from pelvic fractures

Answer 22

-severe back pain
-hemorrhage
-fat emboli
-n/v compromise to lower extremities

Question 23

how long does it take to full-rehab (weight bearing) for pelvic fractures?

Answer 23

3 months

Question 24

what will a patient with a hip fracture look like?

Answer 24

-affected leg shorter with external or internal rotation of foot
-pain in hip/groin/knee

Question 25

interventions for hip fracture

Answer 25

immobilize, surgery

Question 26

complications of hip fracture

Answer 26

avascular necrosis

Question 27

what are causes of a femur fracture?

Answer 27

MVA

Question 28

how will client with femur fracture present?

Answer 28

edema, deformity, pain to thigh/knee

Question 29

labs/tests for femur fracture

Answer 29

doppler US xray CBC

Question 30

interventions for femur fx

Answer 30

immobilize assess nv skeletal traction -> surgery

Question 31

complications of femur fracture

Answer 31

-hemorrhagic shock -compartment syndrome -fat emboli

Question 32

what are fat molecules in the bone that were released when the bone broke, has a grim prognosis

Answer 32

fat emboli

Question 33

it may take people w/ femur fractures _____months to walk again

Answer 33

6 mo

Question 34

what are reasons for amputation

Answer 34

-diseases (DM, vascular, osteomyelitis) -injury/trauma -surgery to remove tumors

Question 35

what are complications of amputation

Answer 35

-hemorrhage -infection -joint contracture -phantom limb pain

Question 36

what is a uniform compression and residual limb shaping

Answer 36

rigid cast dressing

Question 37

what kind of meds are used after amputations?

Answer 37

-surgical pain = opioids -beta blocker (metoprolol) -anticonvulsants (gabapentin) -TCAs (amitriptyline)