management of pts w/ MS trauma (4) Flashcards
what is injury to ligaments and tendons from twisting/hyperextension
sprain (grades 1, 2, and 3)
what is injury to muscle/tendon from overuse, overstretching, or excessive stress
strain (grades 1, 2, and 3)
what is a soft tissue injury from blunt force (blow, kick, fall)
contusion
what is nursing care for sprain, strain, and contusion?
PRICE (protect, rest, ice, compression, elevation)
what is when the joint is no longer in anatomic alignment?
joint dislocation
what is subluxation?
partial dislocation
what is when vessels shear and there is no blood supply
avascular necrosis
what are acute interventions for dislocation?
xray, immobilize and reduce joint (back in alignment), pain meds
what is a rip in the tendon connecting rotator muscle to radial head
TORN ROTATOR CUFF
what is used to help a torn roatator cuff?
sling & swath (keep arm close)
what are causes of fractures?
-direct blows
-crushing forces
-sudden twisting
diagnostics for fractures
-xray
-CT (extensive damage)
acute interventions for open fracture
cover with saline soaked gauze, prepare for surgery (osteomyelitis risk)
acute interventions for closed fracture
reduction and immobilization
complications of fractures
-avascular necrosis
-hemorrhage
-fat embolus
-compartment syndrome
what is nonunion
not healing
what is malunion
healed wrong
what causes pelvic fractures
-falls from great height
-MVA, vehicle/pedestrian
how will a client with a pelvic fracture present
-ecchymosis/tender
-edema & n/t to pubis, genitals, and thighs
-pain when weight bearing
lab tests for pelvic fractures
CT/CBC
acute interventions for pelvic fractures
immobilize for surgery
blood transfusions
complications from pelvic fractures
-severe back pain
-hemorrhage
-fat emboli
-n/v compromise to lower extremities
how long does it take to full-rehab (weight bearing) for pelvic fractures?
3 months
what will a patient with a hip fracture look like?
-affected leg shorter with external or internal rotation of foot
-pain in hip/groin/knee
interventions for hip fracture
immobilize, surgery
complications of hip fracture
avascular necrosis
what are causes of a femur fracture?
MVA
how will client with femur fracture present?
edema, deformity, pain to thigh/knee
labs/tests for femur fracture
doppler US
xray
CBC
interventions for femur fx
immobilize
assess nv
skeletal traction -> surgery
complications of femur fracture
-hemorrhagic shock
-compartment syndrome
-fat emboli
what are fat molecules in the bone that were released when the bone broke, has a grim prognosis
fat emboli
it may take people w/ femur fractures _____months to walk again
6 mo
what are reasons for amputation
-diseases (DM, vascular, osteomyelitis)
-injury/trauma
-surgery to remove tumors
what are complications of amputation
-hemorrhage
-infection
-joint contracture
-phantom limb pain
what is a uniform compression and residual limb shaping
rigid cast dressing
what kind of meds are used after amputations?
-surgical pain = opioids
-beta blocker (metoprolol)
-anticonvulsants (gabapentin)
-TCAs (amitriptyline)
