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Adults > musculoskeletal overview (4) > Flashcards

musculoskeletal overview (4) Flashcards

1
Q

example of a long bone

A

humerus/femur

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2
Q

what are the ends of bone called?

A

epiphyses

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3
Q

what is the middle part of the bone (compact) called?

A

diaphysis

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4
Q

what is the growth plate called

A

epiphyseal plate

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5
Q

what are examples of short bone?

A

tarsals, ankle/hand

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6
Q

what are examples of irregular bone?

A

jaw, vertebrae

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7
Q

what are examples of flat bone

A

sternum/skull

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8
Q

what is the fibrous membrane of bones?

A

periosteum

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9
Q

what covers narrow cavities?

A

endosteum

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10
Q

where is red bone marrow found?

A

sternum, ileum, vertebrae, ribs

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11
Q

where is fatty yellow marrow found?

A

long bones

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12
Q

when do bones stop remodeling?

A

20

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13
Q

what is resorption from?

A

calcium loss

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14
Q

what does vitamin D help?

A

calcium absorption

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15
Q

which hormones maintain serum calcium levels

A

PTH and calcitonin

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16
Q

which hormone pulls calcium from the bone to the blood

A

PTH

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17
Q

which hormone stops resorption

A

calcitonin

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18
Q

which hormone increases calcium in the blood by promoting absorption of calcium in the GI tract AKA vitamin D

A

calcitriol

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19
Q

which hormones in excess cause grave’s disease

A

TH and cortisol

20
Q

which hormones increase bone reabsorption and decrease remodeling?

A

TH and cortisol

21
Q

which hormone accelerates remodeling?

A

growth hormone

22
Q

what hormone helps bones grow, increases muscle mass, and increases bone mass

A

testosterone

23
Q

what hormone stimulates osteoblasts and inhibits osteoclasts (enhances bones)

A

estrogen

24
Q

what is articulation

A

the joints

25
Q

what has synovial fluid and covers articulating bones

A

joint capsules

26
Q

what binds articulating bones together?

A

ligaments/tendons

27
Q

what connects bine to bone

A

ligaments

28
Q

what connects muscle to bone?

A

tendons

29
Q

what cushions tendons, ligaments, and bones

A

bursa

30
Q

what term means without tone

A

flaccid

31
Q

what term means greater than normal tone

A

spastic

32
Q

what term means soft and flabby

A

atonic

33
Q

what term means increase in size of muscle fibers (from exercise)

A

hypertrophy

34
Q

what term means decrease in size of muscle (from immobility)

A

atrophy

35
Q

what is the forward curvature of the spine

A

kyphosis

36
Q

what is the exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine

A

lordosis

37
Q

what is the lateral curving deviation of the spine

A

scoliosis

38
Q

what test is used to determine progression of joint disease by putting contrast agent into the joint cavity. It identifies the cause of pain, and has the patient do ROM while xrays are being taken

A

arthrography

39
Q

what is the direct visualization of joint with fiber optic endoscope; used to dx joint disorders, treat tears, defects, and disease processes. Its a sterile procedure until local or general anesthesia

A

arthroscopy

40
Q

what procedure is obtaining a sample of synovial fluid from the joint. It can dx inflammatory arthropathies, exam fluid, relieve pain, look for hemarthrosis, and uses aseptic technique

A

arthrocentesis

41
Q

what assesses electrical potential of muscles and nerves, evaluates weakness and pain, puts needle electrodes into muscles, and uses warm compresses post-op

A

electromyography

42
Q

what lab value is altered in Osteomalacia, parathyroid dysfunction, and prolonged immobility

A

calcium

43
Q

what is found throughout the body but concentrated in liver, bones, kidneys, and GI

A

alkaline phosphate (ALP)

44
Q

what 3 things evaluates bone metabolism

A

PTH, calcitonin, vit. D

45
Q

what 2 things elevate with muscle damage

A

CK, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)

46
Q

what is increases with bone destruction

A

urine calcium

Adults (35 decks)

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