GI assessment (final) Flashcards
what is the primary function of the gi system?
-breakdown of food for digestion
-absorption of nutrients into blood stream
-elimination of undigested food and waste
is the GI system an open or closed system
closed
what is the pathway of the gi system
mouth -> esophagus -> stomach -> small and large intestines -> rectum -> anus
what secretes bile and breaks down fat
gallbladder
what has digestive enzymes
pancreas
what system feeds gut organs
portal venous system
what is in the portal venous system
-superior mesenteric
-inferior mesenteric
-gastric
-splenic
-cyctic
where does most digestion occur
duodenum and jejunum
what is a non-invasive test that can be used to look at the gallbladder, pancreas, and appendix
abdominal US
what diet changes are made before an abdominal US
fat free meals the day before, NPO starting night prior to surgery
what test used a barium contrast agent to detect foreign bodies, ulcers, and varices
fluoroscopy with x-ray
what are considerations for fluoroscopy with x-ray
-NPO @ midnight
-pt drives home after
-encourage fluids to flush our barium
-may have white stools, GI upset
what is used for direct visualization of esophageal, gastric, and duodenal mucosa
upper GI fibroscopy (EGD)
considerations for EGD
-NPO @ mid
-conscious sedation
-PACU/can’t drive
-may have sore throat
-assess gag reflex
-may feel bloated
what is a fluoroscopy and x-ray with contrast agent in the from of an enema, looks at colon for constipation and GI conditions
lower GI fluoroscopy
visual exam of anus, rectum, and colon to detect and remove polyps
to diagnose and r/o disorders of the colon
colonoscopy
considerations for colonoscopy?
sedation, diet, prep and after effects
- conscious sedation
- needs ride after
- left side-laying during
- bowel prep before
- instill air, may feel bloated and have gas
what is used for…
- feedings/meds
- decompress stomach
- remove stomach contents
NG tube
what is used for…
- intubated patients
- short term and less common
OG tube
what is used for…
- opening in stomach
- admin of foods, fluids, and meds
- gastric decompression
- enteral support for longer than 4 weeks
gastrostomy tubes (PEG and G tube)
what is …
- an opening into the jejunum
- used for admin of foods, fluids, and meds
- used when gastric route not accesible or contraindicated
jejunostomy (j tube)
what is a method of providing nutrients to the body by an IV route. Contains protein, carbs, fats, electrolytes, vitamins, trace minerals, and sterile water
TPN
what is the quantity and time TPN should be given over?
1-3 L over 24 hour period
what may be infused simultaneously with TPN
IVFE (intravenous fat emulsions)
