coronary artery disease Flashcards
process of cad
artery damage -> cholesterol and fats infiltrate -> atheroma (plaque) -> block / narrow walls -> plaque rupture -> clot / blockage of coronary vessels (MI) -> blockage of cerebral vessels (stroke) -> permanent damage like atherosclerosis
causes of CAD?
-hyperlipidemia
-HTN
-smoking
-DM
-sedentary
-genetic/metabolic
how will a client with CAD present?
-angina
-activity intolerance
-myocardial infarct
what is stable angina?
predictable, know limits and that CP will follow if limits are exceeded
what is unstable angina?
sudden onset, unpredictable, doesn’t go away
what is intractable/refractory angina?
constant pain, probable MI
what is variant/prinzmetals angina?
from arterial vasospasms (vessels close)
what is silent ischemia
inverted t wave, doesn’t know
what labs test for CAD?
-CBC/BMP
-D-dimer
-troponin
-EKG
-echo
-stress test
-angiogram
what do d-dimers look for
clots
what meds are used for CAD?
-statins
-aspirin
-beta blockers
-calcium channel blockers
-nitroglycerin
-ace-i’s
what is the statin used for CAD and why
atorvastatin, controls cholesterol
what beta blocker is used for CAD and what does it do
metoprolol, decrease workload
what calcium channel blocker is used for CAD and what does it do?
diltiazem, works on arterial smooth muscle to dilate!!!!, slows SA/AV conduction
what ACE-I is used for CAD and what does it do?
lisinopril, dilates and reduces volume and workload
what are some acute interventions for CAD?
-line/labs
-EKG
-nitro / aspirin / heparin
-CXR
-cardiac monitor
what are complications from CAD?
-MI
-HF
-arrhythmias
-CVA
-death
what are the types of MI?
NSTEMI (non-ST elevated MI)
STEMI (ST elevated MI)
look at troponin to tell
types of CVA?
-hemorrhagic
-ischemic
what is a cardiac catheterization?
goes up to artery and puts a stent to keep open
what sites are used for cardiac catheterization for ports of entry?
wrist and femoral
why is it important to protect the clot with a cardiac cath?
if it opens it will bleed everywhere
how long do you have to wait to take the dressing off of a cardiac cath?
24h
what can you not do after a cardiac cath for a week until the sutures are removed?
take a bath, jacuzzi, pool, etc.
patients with a cardiac cath should do a _____ _____ in activity
gradual increase
what should patients do as a lifestyle change after a cardiac cath?
-quit smoking
-med compliance
-monitor diet (low fat and sodium)
-monitor weight daily
-reduce stress
