coronary artery disease

Question 1

process of cad

Answer 1

artery damage -> cholesterol and fats infiltrate -> atheroma (plaque) -> block / narrow walls -> plaque rupture -> clot / blockage of coronary vessels (MI) -> blockage of cerebral vessels (stroke) -> permanent damage like atherosclerosis

Question 2

causes of CAD?

Answer 2

-hyperlipidemia
-HTN
-smoking
-DM
-sedentary
-genetic/metabolic

Question 3

how will a client with CAD present?

Answer 3

-angina
-activity intolerance
-myocardial infarct

Question 4

what is stable angina?

Answer 4

predictable, know limits and that CP will follow if limits are exceeded

Question 5

what is unstable angina?

Answer 5

sudden onset, unpredictable, doesn’t go away

Question 6

what is intractable/refractory angina?

Answer 6

constant pain, probable MI

Question 7

what is variant/prinzmetals angina?

Answer 7

from arterial vasospasms (vessels close)

Question 8

what is silent ischemia

Answer 8

inverted t wave, doesn’t know

Question 9

what labs test for CAD?

Answer 9

-CBC/BMP
-D-dimer
-troponin
-EKG
-echo
-stress test
-angiogram

Question 10

what do d-dimers look for

Answer 10

clots

Question 11

what meds are used for CAD?

Answer 11

-statins
-aspirin
-beta blockers
-calcium channel blockers
-nitroglycerin
-ace-i’s

Question 12

what is the statin used for CAD and why

Answer 12

atorvastatin, controls cholesterol

Question 13

what beta blocker is used for CAD and what does it do

Answer 13

metoprolol, decrease workload

Question 14

what calcium channel blocker is used for CAD and what does it do?

Answer 14

diltiazem, works on arterial smooth muscle to dilate!!!!, slows SA/AV conduction

Question 15

what ACE-I is used for CAD and what does it do?

Answer 15

lisinopril, dilates and reduces volume and workload

Question 16

what are some acute interventions for CAD?

Answer 16

-line/labs
-EKG
-nitro / aspirin / heparin
-CXR
-cardiac monitor

Question 17

what are complications from CAD?

Answer 17

-MI
-HF
-arrhythmias
-CVA
-death

Question 18

what are the types of MI?

Answer 18

NSTEMI (non-ST elevated MI)
STEMI (ST elevated MI)
look at troponin to tell

Question 19

types of CVA?

Answer 19

-hemorrhagic
-ischemic

Question 20

what is a cardiac catheterization?

Answer 20

goes up to artery and puts a stent to keep open

Question 21

what sites are used for cardiac catheterization for ports of entry?

Answer 21

wrist and femoral

Question 22

why is it important to protect the clot with a cardiac cath?

Answer 22

if it opens it will bleed everywhere

Question 23

how long do you have to wait to take the dressing off of a cardiac cath?

Answer 23

24h

Question 24

what can you not do after a cardiac cath for a week until the sutures are removed?

Answer 24

take a bath, jacuzzi, pool, etc.

Question 25

patients with a cardiac cath should do a _____ _____ in activity

Answer 25

gradual increase

Question 26

what should patients do as a lifestyle change after a cardiac cath?

Answer 26

-quit smoking
-med compliance
-monitor diet (low fat and sodium)
-monitor weight daily
-reduce stress