UWorld Practice Test Section 1b Flashcards
What is the state of Ca++ in renal failure (renal osteodystrophy?
low
Why is Ca++ low in renal failure?
no 1,25-OH Vit D
What is the state of phosphate in renal failure?
high
Why is phosphate high in renal osteodystrophy?
not excreted
What dz is assoc’ed w/ anti-CENTROMERE Abs?
CREST syndrome
What dz is assoc’ed w/ anti neutrophil cytoplasmic Abs?
granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis
What dz is assoc’ed w/ anti-smooth muscle Abs?
autoimmune hepatitis
What dz is assoc’ed w/ anti-mitochondrial Abs?
primary biliary cirrhosis
What is the classical area of pain referral in acute cholecystitis?
right scapula
What pharmacological agents may be used for neurogenic urinary incontinence?
cholinergic agonists (e.g. bethanechol)
What pharmacological agents may be used to treaturge incontinence?
muscarinic antagonists (e.g. oxybutynin)
What is the best initial tx to prevent bleeding of esophageal varices (aside from treating the underlying cirrhosis)?
β-blockers (propranolol, nadolol)
