AIDS Flashcards
When should prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveci start?
<200 t-cells
What is the first-line drug for PCP prophylaxis?
TMP-SMX
What are the two alternative drugs for PCP prophylaxis?
Dapsone and Atavoquone
What are the other indications (3) for atovaquone?
malaria, toxoplasma, and babesia
When does prophylaxis for MAC/MAI start?
<50 T-cells
What is the first-line drug for MAC prophylaxis?
azithromycin
What is the TB treatment for an HIV pt w/ PPD induration >5mm?
INH for 9 mos
What vaccines should alll HIV pts get?
flu and pnuemococcal
What HIV med is most likely to cause anemia?
Zidovudine
Which anti-retroviral drugs are likely to cause hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia?
protease inhibitors
Which HIV drugs are the protease inhibitors?
end in -avir (indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir)
What anti-retrovirals cause peripheral neuropathy and pancreatitis?
stavudine, didanosine
What anti-retroviral causes kidney stones?
Indinavir
What kind of anti-retroviral drug is indinavir?
protease inhibitor
What kind of anti-retroviral drug is Zidovudine (AZT)?
nucleoside analog
What are the requirements for a HAART regimen?
2 nucleoside RTIs + 1 protease inhibitor OR 1 non-nucleoside RTI
Name 3 main nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).
Zidovudine, Didanosine, Stavudine, Lamuvidine, abacavir
Name a non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor.
Efavirenz (or delavirdine, neviripine)
What is the only anti-retroviral drug contraindicated in preg?
Efavirenz
If pregnant woman has high T-cell count, does she need HAART?
Yes, in 2nd and 3rd trimester
What is post-exposure prohylaxis, say from a needle stick at the hospital or a broken condom w/ HIV+ partner?
HAART for one month
If you see ring-enhancing lesions in the brain on CT in an AIDS pt (CD4<100), what is the next best step?
tx w/ pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine and see if the lesions go away
What drug, other than ganciclovir, is for CMV?
foscarnet
What is the main adverse effect of ganciclovir?
myelosuppression
What is the main adverse effect of foscarnet?
renal toxicity
What is immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome?
as T-cells go back up, some opportunistic infections come back
