AIDS

Question 1

When should prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveci start?

Answer 1

<200 t-cells

Question 2

What is the first-line drug for PCP prophylaxis?

Answer 2

TMP-SMX

Question 3

What are the two alternative drugs for PCP prophylaxis?

Answer 3

Dapsone and Atavoquone

Question 4

What are the other indications (3) for atovaquone?

Answer 4

malaria, toxoplasma, and babesia

Question 5

When does prophylaxis for MAC/MAI start?

Answer 5

<50 T-cells

Question 6

What is the first-line drug for MAC prophylaxis?

Answer 6

azithromycin

Question 7

What is the TB treatment for an HIV pt w/ PPD induration >5mm?

Answer 7

INH for 9 mos

Question 8

What vaccines should alll HIV pts get?

Answer 8

flu and pnuemococcal

Question 9

What HIV med is most likely to cause anemia?

Answer 9

Zidovudine

Question 10

Which anti-retroviral drugs are likely to cause hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia?

Answer 10

protease inhibitors

Question 11

Which HIV drugs are the protease inhibitors?

Answer 11

end in -avir (indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir)

Question 12

What anti-retrovirals cause peripheral neuropathy and pancreatitis?

Answer 12

stavudine, didanosine

Question 13

What anti-retroviral causes kidney stones?

Answer 13

Indinavir

Question 14

What kind of anti-retroviral drug is indinavir?

Answer 14

protease inhibitor

Question 15

What kind of anti-retroviral drug is Zidovudine (AZT)?

Answer 15

nucleoside analog

Question 16

What are the requirements for a HAART regimen?

Answer 16

2 nucleoside RTIs + 1 protease inhibitor OR 1 non-nucleoside RTI

Question 17

Name 3 main nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).

Answer 17

Zidovudine, Didanosine, Stavudine, Lamuvidine, abacavir

Question 18

Name a non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor.

Answer 18

Efavirenz (or delavirdine, neviripine)

Question 19

What is the only anti-retroviral drug contraindicated in preg?

Answer 19

Efavirenz

Question 20

If pregnant woman has high T-cell count, does she need HAART?

Answer 20

Yes, in 2nd and 3rd trimester

Question 21

What is post-exposure prohylaxis, say from a needle stick at the hospital or a broken condom w/ HIV+ partner?

Answer 21

HAART for one month

Question 22

If you see ring-enhancing lesions in the brain on CT in an AIDS pt (CD4<100), what is the next best step?

Answer 22

tx w/ pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine and see if the lesions go away

Question 23

What drug, other than ganciclovir, is for CMV?

Answer 23

foscarnet

Question 24

What is the main adverse effect of ganciclovir?

Answer 24

myelosuppression

Question 25

What is the main adverse effect of foscarnet?

Answer 25

renal toxicity

Question 26

What is immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome?

Answer 26

as T-cells go back up, some opportunistic infections come back