UWorld 1 Flashcards
What would you suspect as a cause of macrocytic anemia in a pt w/ vitiligo or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
pernicious anemia
_______ is defined as the presence of Sx of schizophrenia along with mood Sx (major depression, bipolar disorder, or a mixed episode).
Schizoaffective disorder
_______ should be suspected in pts w/ blunt thoracic trauma who remain tachypneic and hypotensive despite aggressive fluid resuscitation. Classic X-ray findings reveal multiple rib fractures overlying a lung contusion.
Flail chest
What cranial injury causes a biconvex hematoma on CT?
epidural hematoma
What cranial injury appears as a uniconvex (semilenticular) hematoma on CT?
subdural hematoma
What are the most common sites of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage?
putamen and thalamus
What is the first-line drug for seizures in the emergency setting (e.g. status epilepticus)?
benzos (lorazepam)
What is the 2nd line Tx for seizures in the emergency setting?
phenytoin
What is the most common primary bone tumor affecting children and young adults?
osteosarcoma
What is the typical PE finding in osteosarcoma?
tender soft-tissue mass
What are the classic x-ray findings of osteosarcoma?
ssunburst pattern and Codman’s triangle (periosteal elevation)
What is the typical x-ray finding in Ewing’s sarcoma?
onion-skin periosteal rxn
Where does osteosarcoma usu occur generally? What specific 3 sites are seen most often?
metaphysis of long bones; distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus
What will happen to methylmalonic acid levels in B12 def?
build up
What will happen to methylmalonic acid levels in B6 def?
no change
What substance will accumulate in the blood in both B6 and B12 def?
homocysteine
_______ classically presents as a brawny, edematous, erythematous, cutaneous plaque w/ a “peau d’orange” appearance overlying a breast mass.
Inflammatory breast carcinoma
What is the most vcommon cause of hypercalcemia in ambulatory pts?
primary hyperparathyroidism
What is the most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?
parathyroid adenoma
Indomethacin and hydrochlorothiazide are used in the Tx of what kind of diabetes insipidus?
nephrogenic
A holosystolic murmur at the lower sternum that increases w/ inspiration is most likely _______.
tricuspid regurgitation
What antibiotic should be used as empiric tx for endocarditis in an IV drug abuser?
vancomycin
What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in hospitalized pts?
malignancy, of course
How does sarcoidosis cause increased serum calcium levels?
increased conversion of 25-OH vit D to 1,25-OH vit D in granulation tissue
For a pt w/ 0-1 risk factors for coronary artery disease, what is the LDL cutoff for starting medication?
190 mg/dL
