URINARY: EMBRYOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Question 1

Uroginital system is derived from which mesenchyme?

Answer 1

Intermediate mesenchyme.

Question 2

urogenital system divides into which systems?

Answer 2

genital and urinary

Question 3

During longitudinal elavation what forms on either sides of the dorsal aorta?

Answer 3

urogenital ridges

and part of the ridges form -NEPHROGENIC CORD.

Question 4

Name the three set of successive kidney development

Answer 4

1. pronephroi
   2.mesonephroi
   3.metanephroi

Question 5

explain the first set

Answer 5

Represented by a few cell clusters and tubular structures in developing neck region

Pronephric ducts run caudally and open into cloaca (where hindgut and allantois empty)

Pronephroi soon degenerate
Most parts of ducts persist – used in second set of kidneys

Question 6

second set fully functions when?

Answer 6

during fetal stage.

Question 7

Large, elongated excretory organs
appers when ?

Answer 7

in the msenophroi set and in week 4 cadual to pronephroi.

Question 8

what does mesonophroi consist of :

Answer 8

1.Glomeruli
2.mesonephric tubules- drain into mesonophric duct whoch open into cloaca.

Function as interim kidneys for ~ 4 weeks, until permanent kidneys develop and function

Degenerates towards end of 12th week; however, mesonephric ducts have adult derivatives

Question 9

The third set forms permanent kidney

Answer 9

> Matanephroi
begin development in the 5th week but fully functional 4 weeks later or just in week 9.

Question 10

The kidney develops from which sources ?

Answer 10

> The ureteric bud
Metanephrogenic blastema

Question 11

The ureteric bud

Answer 11

start as outgrowth(metanephric dirveticulum), from mesonephrenic duct near entrance into cloaca.

Question 12

Metanephrogenic blastema.

Answer 12

> Metanephric mass of mesenchyme
Derived from caudal part of nephrogenic cord.

later on the ureteric bud becomes incorporated with the Blastema

Question 13

The stalk of the ureteric bud becomes what?

Answer 13

Ureter

Question 14

The cranial part of the ureteric bud undergoes branching and results into ……….

Answer 14

Collecting tubules

Question 15

what forms from the first 4 generation of tubules

Answer 15

enlarge, become confluent and form major calices

Question 16

What forms from the second 4 generation of the tubules.

Answer 16

merge to form minor calices.

Question 17

end of the arched collecting tubules induces clusters of mesenchymal cells to form what.

Answer 17

Metanephric vescles.

Question 18

Metanephric tubules

Answer 18

formed by elongated metanephric vesicles.

Question 19

The tubules differentiate into what structures?

Answer 19

Proximal, and distal convoluted tubules, loop of Henle, glomerulu and glomerular capsule

Question 20

Nephron formation.

Answer 20

complete at birth
and no nephron formed after birth

Question 21

Relation of the primordial permanent kidney.

Answer 21

Ventral to sacram

Question 22

During the beginning of the feotal period what event takes place?

Answer 22

Kidneys adult position

Question 23

Which event needs to occur to form nephron

Answer 23

formation of the ureteric bud and blood supply from theblastema.

Question 24

During which week does the kidney faces anteromedial direction?

Answer 24

WEEK 9

Question 25

the space between the urinary and genital system is called ?

Answer 25

Urogenital sinus

Question 26

The urogenital space is divided into 3 parts?

Answer 26

1.Vesical part: forms urinary bladder, continuous with allontois

2. pelvic part: becomes urethra in neck of bladder, prostatic part of urethra in males and entire urethra in females
3. Phallic part: grows towards genital tubercles.

Question 27

The urogenital space is divided into 3 parts?

Answer 27

1.

Question 28

Primordium of penis and clitoris.

Answer 28

genital tubercle.

Question 29

bladder develops from ??

Answer 29

endoderm of the vesical part of the urogenital sinus

Question 30

Initially bladder is continuous with allantois; however, this soon becomes what?

Answer 30

A thick and fibrous cord called urachus.

Question 31

Urachus extends from the Apex to where?

Answer 31

Umbilicus.

Question 32

The urachus in adults is represented by what ?

Answer 32

median umbilicus ligament.

Question 33

What contribute to the formation of the connective tissue in Trigone of the bladder.

Answer 33

Distal parts of mesonephric duct are absorbed into the distal wall

Question 34

The urethra of the female and male is derived from

Answer 34

endoderm of the urogenital sinus.

Question 35

what is derived from ectodermal cells?

Answer 35

THE distal part of urethra in glans penis.

Question 36

Epithelium of terminal part of urethra is thus derived

Answer 36

surface ectoderm.

Question 37

Connective tissue and smooth muscle of urethra derived

Answer 37

splanchnic mesenchyme

Question 38

Cortex of suprarenal gland

Answer 38

– from mesenchyme of urogenital ridge

Question 39

Medulla of suprarenal gland

Answer 39

derived from the neural crest cells

Question 40

Renal Agenesis

Answer 40

Absence of kidney

Question 41

Unilateral renal agenesis

Answer 41

> Having one kidney.

> usually not discovered in infancy since the other kidney undergoes compensatory hypertrophy to perform function of missing kidney

Question 42

Bilateral renal agenesis

Answer 42

associated with oligohydramnios, a condition that develops since little/no urine is excreted into amniotic cavity.