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Anatomy YBOD 200 > Larynx > Flashcards

Larynx Flashcards

1
Q

Name the hollow musculoligamentous structure.

A

Larynx

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2
Q

the larynx open superior to which structure?
the larynx open inferior to which structure?

A
  1. Laryngopharynx
    trachea
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3
Q

The larynx compromised of what structures? name 4 groups

A
  1. 3 Unpaired cartilages
  2. 3 paired cartilages
  3. Fibroelastic membrane
  4. Numerous intrinsic muscles
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4
Q

Function of the larynx

A
  1. Instrument that produce sounds
  2. acts as a valve to close lower respiratory tract
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5
Q

is the larynx a cartilaginous or bony framework.

A

Cartilaginous framework

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6
Q

The largest laryngeal cartilage.

A

Thyroid cartilage

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7
Q

Name the structure that is connected anteriorly but separated posteriorly and explain where it is found?

A

Lamina
found on both left and right

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8
Q

Explain the laryngeal prominence.
3 marks

A

Most superior part of fusion between lamina.
More palpable in male than in female
project foward

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9
Q

the location superior thyroid notch.

A

Superior to the laryngeal prominence

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10
Q

Superior thyroid notch and laryngeal prominence are not palpable.
true or false

A

False
they are palpable landmarks

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11
Q

explain the inferior thyroid notch

A

it is less distinct
and found along the lower base of thyroid cartilage

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12
Q

explain the oblique line of larynx

A

found lateral on the surface of each lamina
ends expand into the inferior and posterior thyroid tubercles.
Site of attachment of extrinsic muscles of larynx.

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13
Q

The posterior margins of thyroid cartilage are elongated to form what?
Differentiate the structures formed.

A

Superior and inferior horns
Superior horns: connected to greater horns of the hyoid bone via lateral thyroid ligament.
Inferior horns: medial surface with facets to articulates with the cricoid cartilage

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14
Q

What/which structures forms the cricoid joint?

A

inferior horn connects to cricoid cartilage to form cricoid joint.

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15
Q

The most inferior laryngeal cartilage, that completely encircles the airway.

A

Cricoid cartilage.

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16
Q

Explain the structure/position of the cricoid cartilage.

A

Anterior- narrow arch

posterior- broad lamina.
has 2 shallow depressions on top for articulation with cricoarytenoid muscles.

Vertical ridge- for oesophagus attachment.

2 articular facets on each side:
superolateral surface: arytenoid cartilage
lateral surface: for the inferior horn

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17
Q

a leaft-shaped structure that projects posteriorsuperiorly. attached to the posterior aspect of thyroid cartilage?

A

epiglottis

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18
Q

Via which structure does the epiglottis attach to posterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage.

A

THryo-epiglottic ligamnet

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19
Q

Via which structure does the epiglottis attach to posterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage.

A

THryo-epiglottisligamnet

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20
Q

Explain the margins of the epiglottis

A

superior margin lies posterior to pharyngeal part pf tounge

inferior margin of oropharynx

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21
Q

Arytenoid cartilage

A

pyramid shaped
has 3 surfaces
the apex and the base

The base:
concave
articulate with the superior lateral facet of cricoid cartilage.

Apex
- articulates with a corniculate cartilage

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22
Q

Explain the anterior and posterior surfaces of the arytenoid cartilage.

A

The anterior: Has depression separated by a ridge that runs superolateral.
the upper depression for vestibular ligament Attachment

lower depression for vocal muscle attachment.

posterior surface: covered by transverse arytenoid muscle.

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23
Q

Name the anterior elongated process on the arytenoid cartilage.

A

Vocal process

for attachment of vocal ligament

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24
Q

The Muscular process

A

is an elongated lateral process
for attachment of posterior and lateral crico-arytenoid muscles.

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25
Name the 2 conical cartilage .
Corniculate cartilage
26
explain the base and apex of this cartilage.
base: articulate with apex of arytenoid cartilage Apices: projects posteromedially towards each
27
Cuneiform cartilages
2 small club-sheped acrtilage lie anterior to corniculate cartilage. Suspended in part of Fibro-elastic membrane.
28
what attaches arytenoid cartilages to lateral margin epiglottis.
Fibro-elastic membrane.
29
The thyrohyoid Membrane
Tough fibro-elastic ligament extends between thyroid cartilage below and hyoid bone above
30
The attachment of the thyroid membrane ?
inferior- superior margin of the thyroid lamina posterior - to the anterior margins of the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage superior- to the inferior margins of the hyoid bone (greater horns of the hyoid bone)
31
Explain the aperture present in lateral part membrane:
superior laryngeal aryery internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve lymphatics
32
The hyoepiglottic ligament
Attaches to the midline of epiglottic anterior. then move anterosuperiorly to attach to the body of hyoid Bone.
33
the ligament that is between the inferior border of cricoid cartilage and the superior border of first tracheal cartilage.
Crico-tracheal ligament
34
name an intrinsic ligament
fibro-elastic membrane
35
ligament that links the laryngeal cartilages together and complete architectural framework composed of: Quadrangular membrane. conus elasticus.
fibroelastic membrane
36
Conus elasticus
attachment to arch of the cricoid cartilage ascends to end in free upper margin, within the enclosed space of the thyroid cartilage.
37
The free margins of the fibroelastic membrane?
thickened: - Vocal ligament - Anterior attachment: Thyroid cartilage - Posterior attachment: Vocal processes of arytenoid cartilages Thickened anteriorly in midline. - Median cricothyroid ligament
38
A membrane is that between the lateral margin of epiglottis and anteriorlateral surface of arytenoid + corniculate cartilage.
Quandrangular membrane
39
The margins of the of the membrane of the previous quastion?
Free upper margin - Between top of epiglottis and corniculate cartilage Free lower margin - Thickened to form vestibular ligament
40
explain the content of vestibular ligament?
- Attached posteriorly to arytenoid cartilage (superior depression on anterolateral surface) - Attached anteriorly to thyroid cartilage (just superior to attachment of vocal ligament) - Separated from vocal ligament below by a gap - When viewed from above, vestibular ligament lateral to vocal ligament
41
cricothyroid joint
Ellipsoid type synovial joint Formed between inferior horn of thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage Surrounded by capsule Reinforced by associated ligaments Allow thyroid cartilage to move forward and tilt downward on cricoid cartilage - Lengthens and tenses vocal ligaments
42
the cricoarytenoid joint
Ellipsoid type synovial joint Formed between facet on superolateral surface of cricoid cartilage and base of arytenoid cartilage Surrounded by capsule Reinforced by associated ligaments Allow arytenoid cartilages to slide away or toward each other and to rotate (vocal processes pivot either toward or away from midline)
43
The structure opens into the anterior aspect of pharynx and can be closed by the downward movement of epiglottis. Nb found on the superior aperture of the laryngeal cavity.
Laryngeal Inlet
44
The borders of the laryngeal inlet.
Lateral border: Ary-epiglottic fold- encloses the superior margin of quadrangular membrane tubercles- marks the cartilages ( cuneiform and corniculate) anterior- mucosa covering superior margin of epiglottis. Posterior border (in midline) - Interarytenoid notch (mucosal fold forming depression between corniculate tubercles
45
structure known as a true vocal cord, produces sound and explain it content???
Vocal folds Project medially from lateral walls of cavity Constrict cavity. Comprised of: - Vocal ligament - Vocalis muscle - Mucous membrane
46
vestibular and vocal folds divide cavity into 3 margins namely:
vestibule middle chamber infraglottic
47
cavity that is in the upper chamber, between the laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds ?
Vestibule
48
Middel chamber
is between the vestibular and vocal folds and its very thin.
49
the content of the middle chamber
> laryngeal ventricle - mucosa projects laterally through gap between ligaments laryngeal saccule - elongated extension of each ventricle projects anterior superiorly between vestibular fold and thyroid cartilage. -numerous mucous glands within walls
50
the infraglottic chamber
most inferior chamber between the vocal folds and the inferior opening of the larynx
51
Rima vestibuli
Triangular opening between the vestibular folds. it is the entrance of the middle chamber. Apex lies anterior. Base posterior wall o the laryngeal cavity.
52
Rima glottidis
triangular opening between vocal folds Narrower than Rima vestibuli Separates middle chamber from infraglottic cavity Base: Interarytenoid fold on inferior aspect of interarytenoid notch
53
What can be opened and closed by the movement of arytenoid cartilage and associated fibro-elastic membranes?
Rima glottidis and vestibuli.
54
the Crico-arytenoid muscles
origin: from the arch of cricoid acrtilage insertion: - oblique part to the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage -straight part to the inferior margin of the thyroid lamina action= forward and downward rotation at cricoid joint
55
lateral crico-arytenoid muscle
origin: arch of crico cartilage insert on the muscular process of arytenoid cartilage. internal rotation of arytenoid adduction of vocal folds
56
oblique arytenoid
oring: muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage to insert on the apex of the adjacent cartilage
57
The vocalis muscle
origin from vocal process of arytenoid cartilahe and depression on the lateral surface insert: thyroid cartilage and length of vocal ligament action adjust tension in vocal folds
58
The vocalis muscle
origin from vocal process of arytenoid cartilahe and depression on the lateral surface insert: thyroid cartilage and length of vocal ligament action adjust tension in vocal folds
59
innervation of all intrinsic muscle
recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve expect: crico-thyroid muscle External laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve (branch of vagus nerve)
60
what happens during effort closure
air is retained in the thoracic cavity -stabilizes trunk. Rima vestibuli and glottidis and lower part of the vestibuli are completely closed
61
effort closure occurs when?
during heavy lifting or to increase abdominal pressure
62
what happens during swallowing
Rima vestibuli,and glottidis and vestibular are cloosed laryngeal inlet is narrowed and moves up and foward opens oesophagus
63
why does these action happen during swalowing ?
prevent sold and liquid entering the airway. -facilitate movement of solid and liquid into oesophagus.
64
blood supply of larynx
Superior laryngeal artery - Arises from superior thyroid artery (branch of external carotid artery) inferior laryngeal artery arise from inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk from subclavian artery)
65
veinous drainage of the larynax
superior laryngeal- superior thyroid-inferior jugular vein inferior laryngeal-inferior thyroid-left brachiocephalic vein

Anatomy YBOD 200 (55 decks)

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