Larynx Flashcards
Name the hollow musculoligamentous structure.
Larynx
the larynx open superior to which structure?
the larynx open inferior to which structure?
- Laryngopharynx
trachea
The larynx compromised of what structures? name 4 groups
- 3 Unpaired cartilages
- 3 paired cartilages
- Fibroelastic membrane
- Numerous intrinsic muscles
Function of the larynx
- Instrument that produce sounds
- acts as a valve to close lower respiratory tract
is the larynx a cartilaginous or bony framework.
Cartilaginous framework
The largest laryngeal cartilage.
Thyroid cartilage
Name the structure that is connected anteriorly but separated posteriorly and explain where it is found?
Lamina
found on both left and right
Explain the laryngeal prominence.
3 marks
Most superior part of fusion between lamina.
More palpable in male than in female
project foward
the location superior thyroid notch.
Superior to the laryngeal prominence
Superior thyroid notch and laryngeal prominence are not palpable.
true or false
False
they are palpable landmarks
explain the inferior thyroid notch
it is less distinct
and found along the lower base of thyroid cartilage
explain the oblique line of larynx
found lateral on the surface of each lamina
ends expand into the inferior and posterior thyroid tubercles.
Site of attachment of extrinsic muscles of larynx.
The posterior margins of thyroid cartilage are elongated to form what?
Differentiate the structures formed.
Superior and inferior horns
Superior horns: connected to greater horns of the hyoid bone via lateral thyroid ligament.
Inferior horns: medial surface with facets to articulates with the cricoid cartilage
What/which structures forms the cricoid joint?
inferior horn connects to cricoid cartilage to form cricoid joint.
The most inferior laryngeal cartilage, that completely encircles the airway.
Cricoid cartilage.
Explain the structure/position of the cricoid cartilage.
Anterior- narrow arch
posterior- broad lamina.
has 2 shallow depressions on top for articulation with cricoarytenoid muscles.
Vertical ridge- for oesophagus attachment.
2 articular facets on each side:
superolateral surface: arytenoid cartilage
lateral surface: for the inferior horn
a leaft-shaped structure that projects posteriorsuperiorly. attached to the posterior aspect of thyroid cartilage?
epiglottis
Via which structure does the epiglottis attach to posterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage.
THryo-epiglottic ligamnet
Via which structure does the epiglottis attach to posterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage.
THryo-epiglottisligamnet
Explain the margins of the epiglottis
superior margin lies posterior to pharyngeal part pf tounge
inferior margin of oropharynx
Arytenoid cartilage
pyramid shaped
has 3 surfaces
the apex and the base
The base:
concave
articulate with the superior lateral facet of cricoid cartilage.
Apex
- articulates with a corniculate cartilage
Explain the anterior and posterior surfaces of the arytenoid cartilage.
The anterior: Has depression separated by a ridge that runs superolateral.
the upper depression for vestibular ligament Attachment
lower depression for vocal muscle attachment.
posterior surface: covered by transverse arytenoid muscle.
Name the anterior elongated process on the arytenoid cartilage.
Vocal process
for attachment of vocal ligament
The Muscular process
is an elongated lateral process
for attachment of posterior and lateral crico-arytenoid muscles.
Name the 2 conical cartilage .
Corniculate cartilage
explain the base and apex of this cartilage.
base: articulate with apex of arytenoid cartilage
Apices: projects posteromedially towards each
Cuneiform cartilages
2 small club-sheped acrtilage
lie anterior to corniculate cartilage.
Suspended in part of Fibro-elastic membrane.
what attaches arytenoid cartilages to lateral margin epiglottis.
Fibro-elastic membrane.
The thyrohyoid Membrane
Tough fibro-elastic ligament
extends between thyroid cartilage below
and hyoid bone above
The attachment of the thyroid membrane ?
inferior- superior margin of the thyroid lamina
posterior - to the anterior margins of the superior horns of the thyroid cartilage
superior- to the inferior margins of the hyoid bone (greater horns of the hyoid bone)
Explain the aperture present in lateral part membrane:
superior laryngeal aryery
internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
lymphatics
The hyoepiglottic ligament
Attaches to the midline of epiglottic anterior.
then move anterosuperiorly to attach to the body of hyoid Bone.
the ligament that is between the inferior border of cricoid cartilage and the superior border of first tracheal cartilage.
Crico-tracheal ligament
name an intrinsic ligament
fibro-elastic membrane
ligament that links the laryngeal cartilages together and complete architectural framework
composed of: Quadrangular membrane.
conus elasticus.
fibroelastic membrane
Conus elasticus
attachment to arch of the cricoid cartilage
ascends to end in free upper margin, within the enclosed space of the thyroid cartilage.
The free margins of the fibroelastic membrane?
thickened:
- Vocal ligament
- Anterior attachment: Thyroid cartilage
- Posterior attachment: Vocal processes of
arytenoid cartilages
Thickened anteriorly in midline.
- Median cricothyroid ligament
A membrane is that between the lateral margin of epiglottis and anteriorlateral surface of arytenoid + corniculate cartilage.
Quandrangular membrane
The margins of the of the membrane of the previous quastion?
Free upper margin
- Between top of epiglottis and corniculate cartilage
Free lower margin
- Thickened to form vestibular ligament
explain the content of vestibular ligament?
- Attached posteriorly to arytenoid cartilage
(superior depression on anterolateral surface)- Attached anteriorly to thyroid cartilage
(just superior to attachment of vocal ligament) - Separated from vocal ligament below by a gap
- When viewed from above, vestibular ligament
lateral to vocal ligament
- Attached anteriorly to thyroid cartilage
cricothyroid joint
Ellipsoid type synovial joint
Formed between inferior horn of thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage
Surrounded by capsule
Reinforced by associated ligaments
Allow thyroid cartilage to move forward and tilt downward on cricoid cartilage
- Lengthens and tenses vocal ligaments
the cricoarytenoid joint
Ellipsoid type synovial joint
Formed between facet on superolateral surface of cricoid cartilage and base of arytenoid cartilage
Surrounded by capsule
Reinforced by associated ligaments
Allow arytenoid cartilages to slide away or toward each other and to rotate (vocal processes pivot either toward or away from midline)
The structure opens into the anterior aspect of pharynx and can be closed by the downward movement of epiglottis.
Nb found on the superior aperture of the laryngeal cavity.
Laryngeal Inlet
The borders of the laryngeal inlet.
Lateral border:
Ary-epiglottic fold- encloses the superior margin of quadrangular membrane
tubercles- marks the cartilages ( cuneiform and corniculate)
anterior- mucosa covering superior margin of epiglottis.
Posterior border (in midline)
- Interarytenoid notch (mucosal fold forming
depression between corniculate tubercles
structure known as a true vocal cord, produces sound and explain it
content???
Vocal folds
Project medially from lateral walls of cavity
Constrict cavity.
Comprised of:
- Vocal ligament
- Vocalis muscle
- Mucous membrane
vestibular and vocal folds divide cavity into 3 margins namely:
vestibule
middle chamber
infraglottic
cavity that is in the upper chamber, between the laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds ?
Vestibule
Middel chamber
is between the vestibular and vocal folds
and its very thin.
the content of the middle chamber
> laryngeal ventricle
- mucosa projects laterally through gap between ligaments
laryngeal saccule
- elongated extension of each ventricle
projects anterior superiorly between vestibular fold and thyroid cartilage.
-numerous mucous glands within walls
the infraglottic chamber
most inferior chamber
between the vocal folds and the inferior opening of the larynx
Rima vestibuli
Triangular opening between the vestibular folds.
it is the entrance of the middle chamber.
Apex lies anterior.
Base posterior wall o the laryngeal cavity.
Rima glottidis
triangular opening between vocal folds
Narrower than Rima vestibuli
Separates middle chamber from infraglottic cavity
Base: Interarytenoid fold on inferior aspect of interarytenoid notch
What can be opened and closed by the movement of arytenoid cartilage and associated fibro-elastic membranes?
Rima glottidis and vestibuli.
the Crico-arytenoid muscles
origin: from the arch of cricoid acrtilage
insertion:
- oblique part to the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage
-straight part to the inferior margin of the thyroid lamina
action= forward and downward rotation at cricoid joint
lateral crico-arytenoid muscle
origin: arch of crico cartilage
insert on the muscular process of arytenoid cartilage.
internal rotation of arytenoid
adduction of vocal folds
oblique arytenoid
oring: muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage
to insert on the apex of the adjacent cartilage
The vocalis muscle
origin from vocal process of arytenoid cartilahe and depression on the lateral surface
insert: thyroid cartilage and length of vocal ligament
action adjust tension in vocal folds
The vocalis muscle
origin from vocal process of arytenoid cartilahe and depression on the lateral surface
insert: thyroid cartilage and length of vocal ligament
action adjust tension in vocal folds
innervation of all intrinsic muscle
recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve
expect: crico-thyroid muscle
External laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve (branch of
vagus nerve)
what happens during effort closure
air is retained in the thoracic cavity -stabilizes trunk.
Rima vestibuli and glottidis and lower part of the vestibuli are completely closed
effort closure occurs when?
during heavy lifting or to increase abdominal pressure
what happens during swallowing
Rima vestibuli,and glottidis and vestibular are cloosed
laryngeal inlet is narrowed
and moves up and foward
opens oesophagus
why does these action happen during swalowing ?
prevent sold and liquid entering the airway.
-facilitate movement of solid and liquid into oesophagus.
blood supply of larynx
Superior laryngeal artery
- Arises from superior thyroid artery
(branch of external carotid artery)
inferior laryngeal artery
arise from inferior thyroid artery
(branch of thyrocervical trunk from
subclavian artery)
veinous drainage of the larynax
superior laryngeal- superior thyroid-inferior jugular vein
inferior laryngeal-inferior thyroid-left brachiocephalic vein
