Shoulder girdle and shoulder joint

Question 1

What forms the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 1

It is formed by the articulation of the head of the humerus and glenoid fossa of the scapula

Question 2

What is present in the glenohumeral joint that prevent friction

Answer 2

The hyaline cartilage

Question 3

The glenoid cavity is deepened on the fibrocartilaginous disc, a name that, and the function.

Answer 3

Glenoid labrum, to make it shallow to prevent dislocation.

Question 4

Where does the glenoid labrum attach?

Answer 4

it attaches in the margin of glenoid fossa.

Question 5

Synovial joint have what?

Answer 5

Synovial fluid, joint capsule (fibrous membrane&synovial membrane) and synovial cavity

Question 6

where do we find fibrous membranes in the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 6

attaches to the margin of the glenoid cavity.
Outer attachment glenoid labrum and long head of triceps brachii muscles tendons
the anatomical neck of the humerus

Question 7

Name the ligaments of glenohumeral ligaments

Answer 7

Superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
coracohumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
coraco-acromial ligament

Question 8

where do we find the coracohumeral ligament??
where do we find the transverse humeral?
where do we find coracoacromial ligament?

Answer 8

between the coracoid processes and humerus.
Coracohumeral ligament lies superiorly between the base of the coracoid process and the greater tubercle of the humerus
Between greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus
Between coracoid process and acromion process

Question 9

The synovial membrane protrudes to form what?

Answer 9

Bursae

Question 10

Funtion of the bursae

Name them

Answer 10

To reduce friction between tendons and other structures

Subtendinous
Subacromial
Subdeltoid

Question 11

The name of the consistent bursae

Answer 11

subtendinous bursae

Question 12

Where do we find the subtendinous bursa?

Answer 12

between subscapularis muscles and fibrous membrane

Question 13

where do we find the subacromial bursae and the subdeltoid?

Answer 13

Between acromion and supraspinatus muscle
- Between deltoid and supraspinatus muscles

Question 14

The arterial supply for glenohumeral joint

Answer 14

Branches of anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries
Branches of suprascapular arteries

Question 15

Innervation in glenohumeral joint

Answer 15

Posterior cord of the brachial plexus
Suprascapular, axillary and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 16

what forms the shoulder girdle?

Answer 16

Scapula and clavicle

Question 17

The shoulder girdle is linked between what?

Answer 17

thorax and upper limb

Question 18

The origin, action, innervation and insertion of trapezius muscle

Answer 18

Origin
- Superior nuchal line
- External occipital protuberance
- Nuchal ligament
- Spinous processes of C7 to T12
Insertion
- Upper fibres on lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
- Middle fibres on acromion and scapula spine
- Lower fibres on tubercle of scapula spine
Action
- Scapula elevation, scapula rotation during abduction (Upper)
- Scapula retraction (Middle fibres)
- Scapula depression (Lower fibres)
Innervation
- Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 19

The action, insertion, origin and innervation levator scapulae muscle

Answer 19

Origin
- Transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertion
- Superior border of the scapula
Action
- Shoulder elevation
- Assists in lateral rotation of the scapula
Innervation
- Dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
- Anterior rami of C3-C5 spinal nerves

Question 20

the insertion of rhomboid minor muscle and origin

Answer 20

Lies deep to trapezius
Origin
- Lower end of nuchal ligament
- Spinous process of C7 – T1
Insertion
- Medial border of the scapula
- Until root of the spine of the scapula

Question 21

The insertion of the rhomboid major muscle and origin

Answer 21

Lies deep to trapezius, inferior to the rhomboid minor
Origin
- Spinous process of T1 – T4
Insertion
- Medial border of the scapula
- Until the inferior angle of the scapula

Question 22

The function and innervation of major and minor rhomboid muscles

Answer 22

Action
- Holds scapula against the thoracic wall
- Retracts the scapula
- Assists in elevation of the scapula
Innervation
- Dorsal scapular nerve (C4 - C5)

Question 23

The function, origin, innervation and insertion of serratus anterior muscle

Answer 23

Origins
- Finger-like processes from ribs 1 – 8 laterally
Insertion
- Costal surface of the medial border of the scapula
Actions
- Holds scapula against the thoracic wall
- Protraction and rotation (in abduction) of the scapula
Innervation
- Long thoracic nerve (C5 - C7)

Question 24

The function, origin, insertion, and innervation of subclavius muscle

Answer 24

Origin
- First rib and its costal cartilage
Insertion
- Inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle
Action
- Anchors and depresses the clavicle
Innervation
- Nerve to subclavius (C5 – C6)

Question 25

The origin, insertion, innervation and function of pectoralis major

Answer 25

Lies deep to the breast
- Separated from it via the deep fascia
It has 3 origins
- Anterior border of the medial half of the clavicle
- Anterior surface of the sternum and ribs 1-7 costal cartilage
- Aponeurosis of the External oblique muscle
Insertion
- Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Action
- Adduction
- Medial rotation
- Clavicular fibres flex at the shoulder joint
Innervation
- Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 26

The function, origin, insertion and innervation of pectoralis minor

Answer 26

Origin
- Anterior surfaces and superior border of ribs 3 to 5
Insertion
- Medial border of the coracoid process of the scapula
Action
- Protracts and depresses shoulder
Innervation by the Medial pectoral nerve

Question 27

The funtion, origin, insertion and inervation of latissimus doris

Answer 27

Origin
- Spinous processes of T7 to L5
- Posterior surface of the sacrum
- Posterior part of iliac crest
- Rib 9 - 12
Insertion
- Floor of the intertubercular sulcus
Action
- Extension
- Medial rotation
- Adduction
Innervation
- Thoracodorsal nerve (C6 – C8)

Question 28

The function, origin, insertion, and innervation of deltoid muscle

Answer 28

Origin
- Anterior border of the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
- Inferior lip/edge of the spine of the scapula
- Lateral border of acromion
Insertion
- Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Deltoid take part from 12 degree to 90 degrees
Action
- Major abductor at the shoulder joint beyond 15°
- Anterior fibres flex and medially rotate
- Posterior fibres extend and laterally rotate
Innervation
- Axillary nerve (C5 – C6)

Question 29

The function, origin, insertion, and innervation of teres major

Answer 29

Origin
- Posterior surface of the inferior angle of the scapula
- On the lateral border
Insertion
- Medial lip of the intertubercular groove
Action
- Medial rotation and extension
Innervation
- Lower subscapular nerve (C5 - C7)

Question 30

The function, origin, insertion, and innervation of supraspinatus muscle rotator cuff

Answer 30

Origin
- Supraspinous fossa
Insertion
- Superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Action
- Initiation of abduction
Innervation
- Suprascapular nerve (C5 – C6)

Question 31

The function, origin, insertion, and innervation of infraspinatus muscle

Answer 31

Origin
- Infraspinous fossa
Insertion
- Middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Action
- Lateral rotation
Innervation
- Suprascapular nerve (C5 – C6)

Question 32

he function, origin, insertion, and innervation of teres minor muscle

Answer 32

Origin
- Upper 2/3 of the posterior surface of the lateral border of the scapula
Insertion
- Inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus
Action
- Lateral rotation
Innervation
- Axillary nerve (C5-C6)

Question 33

The function, origin, insertion, and innervation of subscapularis minor

Answer 33

Origin
- Subscapular fossa
Insertion
- Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Action
- Adduction and medial rotation
Innervation
- Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5-C6)