Joints and vertebral column Part I Flashcards

1
Q

What are joints?

A

Sites where skeletal elements connect

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2
Q

Name 3 classifications of joints.

A
  • Fibrous joints
  • Cartilaginous joints
  • Synovial joints
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3
Q

Blood supply in joints

A

Articular branches from vessels crossing
over a joint

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4
Q

Innervation in joints

A

Articular branches from nerves that supply
muscles acting on a joint

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5
Q

What are fibrous joints and name 3 types of fibrous joints?

A

Movement more restricted than synovial joints
1. sutures
2. Gomphoses
3. Syndesmoses

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6
Q

-Where do we find sutures?
- what is sutural ligament?

A
  • Only present between cranial bones of skull
  • Adjacent bones linked by thin layer of connective tissue
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7
Q
  • where do we find gomphoses and explain gomphoses
A
  • Only present between teeth and adjacent bone
  • Short collagen tissue fibers in periodontal ligament run
    between root of tooth and bony socket
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8
Q

What is syndesmoses?
give the examples.

A

Two adjacent bones linked by a ligament
- E.g. Ligamentum flavum connecting adjacent vertebral
laminae
- E.g. Interosseous membranes like that connecting the
radius and ulna in the forearm

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9
Q

What is cartilaginous joints and name the 2 types

A

Movement more restricted than synovial joints
1. Synchondroses: Primary Cartilaginous Joints
2. Symphyses: Secondary Cartilaginous Joints

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10
Q

What is Synchondroses: Primary Cartilaginous Joints and where do we find them

A

Mostly: Two ossification centers in developing bone remain
separated by layer of hyaline cartilage
- E.g. Growth plate between head and shaft of developing
long bones
- Allow bone growth and eventually become completely
ossified
- Some persist in mature skeleton (still comprised of hyaline
cartilage)
- E.g. First sternocostal and xiphisternal joints

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11
Q

What is Symphyses: Secondary Cartilaginous Joints? and give the examples

A

Two separate bones lined by hyaline cartilage and
interconnected by fibrous cartilage
- Most found in midline
- E.g. Pubic symphysis between pelvic bones
- E.g. Intervertebral discs between adjacent vertebrae

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12
Q

In synovial joints which cartilage does lie in the articular surface

A

Hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

The synovial joints bones are separated by?

A

synovial (articular) cavity

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14
Q

Ligaments provide additional what?

A

Reinforcement

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15
Q

What Common but not always present in synovial joints?

A
  • Additional structures within capsule
  • Articular discs (fibrocartilage), fat pads, and tendon
    Synovial Joint
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16
Q

Attaches to margins of joint surfaces at
interface between cartilage and bone

A

Inner synovial joints

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17
Q

A. what does the inner synovial membrane encloses?
B. is the inner synovial membrane vascularized or not?
C. what does the inner synovial membrane produces?

A

A. Encloses synovial (articular) cavity
B. Highly vascular
c. Produces synovial fluid
- Lubricates articulating surfaces

18
Q

The outer synovial membrane is formed by what?

A

dense connective tissue

19
Q

Function of outer synovial membrane

A

Surrounds and stabilises joint

20
Q

Outer fibroua membrane Parts may thicken to form ligaments
- Further, stabilize joint
TRUE OR FALSE

21
Q

The synovial joints is described based on what?

A

Shape of articular surface
Movement

22
Q

List the six specific types of synovial joints?
and specify which type of movement does it produces.

A

Plane/Gliding joints
Condylar (Ellipsoid) joints
Hinge joints
Pivot joints
Ball and socket joints
Saddle joints
* Plane/Gliding joints
- Allow sliding or gliding movements
* Condylar (Ellipsoid) joints
- Permit flexion, extension, abduction,
adduction, and circumduction (limited)
* Hinge joints
- Permit flexion and extension
* Pivot joints
- Permit rotation
* Ball and socket joints
- Permit flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,
circumduction, and rotation
* Saddle joints
- Permit flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,
and circumduction

23
Q

Based on movement in synovial joints, list the 3 movements.

A

Uniaxial (movement in one plane)
* Biaxial (movement in two planes)
* Multiaxial (movement in >2 planes

24
Q

Function of vertebral arch

A

for muscle &
ligament attachment and articulation with adjacent bone

25
Differentiates between vertebral foramen and vertebral foramina.
Vertebral foramen: Opening between body and arch Vertebral foramina of all vertebrae together form the vertebral canal Contains and protects spinal cord
26
There are approximately 33 vertebrae and are divided into 5 groups. List those groups and how many vertebrae in each.
Cervical- 7 Thoracic- 12 Lumbar- 5 Sacral- 5 Coccygeal- 3-4
27
Describe the structure of the vertebral body and its function.
The body of vertebral is for bearing weight, and the size increases inferiorly as the weight increases. They are linked to the adjacent vertebral body by the intervertebral disc and ligaments.
28
What does the vertebral arch consists of?
Consists of pedicles and laminae
29
Bony pillars that attach arch to the body
Two pedicles
30
Extended for pedicles to meet in midline
Laminae
31
Project from juntion of laminae
Spinous process
32
Project from junction of pedicles and laminae
Superior and inferior articular processes
33
On pedicles between body and origin of articular processes
Superior and inferior vertebral notches
34
which structure contributes to the formation of vertebral foramina
Superior and inferior vertebral notches
35
The boarders of vertebral foramina
Superior border- Inferior vertebral notch of the vertebra above inferior border- Superior vertebral notch of the vertebra below anterior border- Anterior surface of intervertebral disc posterior border- Zygapophysial joint
36
* Pathologies that occlude or reduce the size of foramina can affect functioning of associated spinal nerve True or false
True
37
Name of C1 and C2
C1- Atlas C2- Axis
38
Atlas articulates with, and the major distinguishable feature.
Articulates with the skull and don't have a vertebral body
39
Structure of the atlas
Ring-shaped The posterior and anterior arches are inter connected.
40
Shape of the superior and inferior articular surfaces of atlas
Superior- bean and concave Inferior- circular and flat
41
Differentiate Transverse of Atlas from other cervical vertebrae
large and protrude further laterally than those of other cervical vertebrae