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Anatomy YBOD 200 > Joints and vertebral column Part I > Flashcards

Joints and vertebral column Part I Flashcards

1
Q

What are joints?

A

Sites where skeletal elements connect

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2
Q

Name 3 classifications of joints.

A
  • Fibrous joints
  • Cartilaginous joints
  • Synovial joints
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3
Q

Blood supply in joints

A

Articular branches from vessels crossing
over a joint

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4
Q

Innervation in joints

A

Articular branches from nerves that supply
muscles acting on a joint

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5
Q

What are fibrous joints and name 3 types of fibrous joints?

A

Movement more restricted than synovial joints
1. sutures
2. Gomphoses
3. Syndesmoses

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6
Q

-Where do we find sutures?
- what is sutural ligament?

A
  • Only present between cranial bones of skull
  • Adjacent bones linked by thin layer of connective tissue
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7
Q
  • where do we find gomphoses and explain gomphoses
A
  • Only present between teeth and adjacent bone
  • Short collagen tissue fibers in periodontal ligament run
    between root of tooth and bony socket
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8
Q

What is syndesmoses?
give the examples.

A

Two adjacent bones linked by a ligament
- E.g. Ligamentum flavum connecting adjacent vertebral
laminae
- E.g. Interosseous membranes like that connecting the
radius and ulna in the forearm

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9
Q

What is cartilaginous joints and name the 2 types

A

Movement more restricted than synovial joints
1. Synchondroses: Primary Cartilaginous Joints
2. Symphyses: Secondary Cartilaginous Joints

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10
Q

What is Synchondroses: Primary Cartilaginous Joints and where do we find them

A

Mostly: Two ossification centers in developing bone remain
separated by layer of hyaline cartilage
- E.g. Growth plate between head and shaft of developing
long bones
- Allow bone growth and eventually become completely
ossified
- Some persist in mature skeleton (still comprised of hyaline
cartilage)
- E.g. First sternocostal and xiphisternal joints

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11
Q

What is Symphyses: Secondary Cartilaginous Joints? and give the examples

A

Two separate bones lined by hyaline cartilage and
interconnected by fibrous cartilage
- Most found in midline
- E.g. Pubic symphysis between pelvic bones
- E.g. Intervertebral discs between adjacent vertebrae

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12
Q

In synovial joints which cartilage does lie in the articular surface

A

Hyaline cartilage

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13
Q

The synovial joints bones are separated by?

A

synovial (articular) cavity

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14
Q

Ligaments provide additional what?

A

Reinforcement

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15
Q

What Common but not always present in synovial joints?

A
  • Additional structures within capsule
  • Articular discs (fibrocartilage), fat pads, and tendon
    Synovial Joint
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16
Q

Attaches to margins of joint surfaces at
interface between cartilage and bone

A

Inner synovial joints

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17
Q

A. what does the inner synovial membrane encloses?
B. is the inner synovial membrane vascularized or not?
C. what does the inner synovial membrane produces?

A

A. Encloses synovial (articular) cavity
B. Highly vascular
c. Produces synovial fluid
- Lubricates articulating surfaces

18
Q

The outer synovial membrane is formed by what?

A

dense connective tissue

19
Q

Function of outer synovial membrane

A

Surrounds and stabilises joint

20
Q

Outer fibroua membrane Parts may thicken to form ligaments
- Further, stabilize joint
TRUE OR FALSE

A

True

21
Q

The synovial joints is described based on what?

A

Shape of articular surface
Movement

22
Q

List the six specific types of synovial joints?
and specify which type of movement does it produces.

A

Plane/Gliding joints
Condylar (Ellipsoid) joints
Hinge joints
Pivot joints
Ball and socket joints
Saddle joints
* Plane/Gliding joints
- Allow sliding or gliding movements
* Condylar (Ellipsoid) joints
- Permit flexion, extension, abduction,
adduction, and circumduction (limited)
* Hinge joints
- Permit flexion and extension
* Pivot joints
- Permit rotation
* Ball and socket joints
- Permit flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,
circumduction, and rotation
* Saddle joints
- Permit flexion, extension, abduction, adduction,
and circumduction

23
Q

Based on movement in synovial joints, list the 3 movements.

A

Uniaxial (movement in one plane)
* Biaxial (movement in two planes)
* Multiaxial (movement in >2 planes

24
Q

Function of vertebral arch

A

for muscle &
ligament attachment and articulation with adjacent bone

25
Q

Differentiates between vertebral foramen and vertebral foramina.

A

Vertebral foramen: Opening between body and arch
Vertebral foramina of all vertebrae together form the vertebral canal
Contains and protects spinal cord

26
Q

There are approximately 33 vertebrae and are divided into 5 groups.
List those groups and how many vertebrae in each.

A

Cervical- 7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar- 5
Sacral- 5
Coccygeal- 3-4

27
Q

Describe the structure of the vertebral body and its function.

A

The body of vertebral is for bearing weight, and the size increases inferiorly as the weight increases. They are linked to the adjacent vertebral body by the intervertebral disc and ligaments.

28
Q

What does the vertebral arch consists of?

A

Consists of pedicles and laminae

29
Q

Bony pillars that attach arch to the body

A

Two pedicles

30
Q

Extended for pedicles to meet in midline

A

Laminae

31
Q

Project from juntion of laminae

A

Spinous process

32
Q

Project from junction of pedicles and laminae

A

Superior and inferior articular processes

33
Q

On pedicles between body and origin of articular processes

A

Superior and inferior vertebral notches

34
Q

which structure contributes to the formation of vertebral foramina

A

Superior and inferior vertebral notches

35
Q

The boarders of vertebral foramina

A

Superior border- Inferior vertebral notch of the vertebra above
inferior border- Superior vertebral notch of the vertebra below
anterior border- Anterior surface of intervertebral disc
posterior border- Zygapophysial joint

36
Q
  • Pathologies that occlude or reduce the size of foramina can
    affect functioning of associated spinal nerve
    True or false
A

True

37
Q

Name of C1 and C2

A

C1- Atlas
C2- Axis

38
Q

Atlas articulates with, and the major distinguishable feature.

A

Articulates with the skull
and don’t have a vertebral body

39
Q

Structure of the atlas

A

Ring-shaped
The posterior and anterior arches are inter connected.

40
Q

Shape of the superior and inferior articular surfaces of atlas

A

Superior- bean and concave
Inferior- circular and flat

41
Q

Differentiate Transverse of Atlas from other cervical vertebrae

A

large and protrude further laterally
than those of other cervical vertebrae

Anatomy YBOD 200 (55 decks)

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