Muscles of the leg Flashcards
Name the compartment division of the leg
Anterior, posterior and lateral
Anterior and lateral compartments of the leg are innervated by what?
- Innervated by branches of common fibular nerve
- Lateral compartment by the Superficial fibular nerve
- Anterior compartment by the Deep fibular nerve
Innervation of the posterior compartment
Posterior compartment innervated by the Tibial nerve
The innervation, origin, insertion and action of tibialis anterior muscle
Origin
Lateral surface of the tibia
Interosseus membrane
Insertion
Medial and inferior surfaces of the medial cuneiform
Base of the first metatarsal
Action
Dorsiflexion at the ankle joint
Inversion of the foot
Supports the medial arch of the foot
Innervation
Deep fibular nerve
The innervation, origin, insertion and action of Extensor hallucis longus muscle
Origin
Middle half of the anterior surface of the shaft of the fibula
Interosseus membrane
Insertion
Dorsal surface of the base of the distal phalanx of the big toe
Action
Extension of the big toe and dorsiflexion at the ankle joint
Innervation
Deep fibular nerve
The innervation, origin, insertion and action of Fibularis tertius muscle
Origin
Distal part of the medial surface of the fibula
Insertion
Dorsomedial surface of the base of the 5th metatarsal
Action
Dorsiflexion at the ankle joint and eversion of the foot
Innervation
Deep fibular nerve
Explain the superior extensor retinaculum
Superior extensor retinaculum
- Thickening of the deep fascia of the leg
- Lies superior to the ankle joint
- Attached to anterior surface of the tibia and the fibula
Explain the inferior extensor retinaculum
Inferior extensor retinaculum
- Y-shaped
- Base attaches laterally to the calcaneus
- Crosses medially over the foot
- Arms attach to the medial malleolus and the plantar aponeurosis
The innervation, origin, insertion and action of Fibularis longus muscle
Origin
Proximal end of the lateral surface of the fibula
Insertion
Inferior surface of the distal end of the medial cuneiform
Base of the first metatarsal
Action
Eversion of the foot and plantarflexion at the ankle
Supports the lateral and transverse arches
Innervation
Superficial fibular nerve
The innervation, origin, insertion and action of Fibularis brevis muscle
Origin
Distal 2/3 of the lateral surface of the shaft of the fibula
Insertion
Lateral tubercle at the base of the 5th metatarsal
Action
Eversion of the foot and plantarflexion at the ankle
Innervation
Superficial fibular nerve
The content of tarsal tunnel
Lies to posterior to medial malleolus.
From anterior to posterior (Tom, Dick and Very Nervous Harry)
Explain the superior fibular retinaculum and inferior fibular retinaculum.
Superior fibular retinaculum
- Extends between the lateral malleolus and the calcaneus
Inferior fibular retinaculum
- Attaches to the lateral surface of the calcaneus
- Then blends with the inferior extensor retinaculum
The innervation, origin, insertion and action of Gastrocnemius muscle
Origin
Medial head – Popliteal surface of the medial condyle
Lateral head – Posterolateral surface of the lateral femoral condyle
Insertion
Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Action
Plantarflexion at the ankle joint
- Lifts heel when walking
Assists in flexion of the knee
Innervation
Tibial nerve
The origin, insertion, action and innervation of Soleus muscle
Origin
Soleal line and medial border of the tibia
Posterior surfaces of the head and neck of the fibular head
Insertion
Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Action
Plantarflexion at the ankle joint
Innervation
Tibial nerve
Origin, insertion, action and innervation Plantaris muscle
Origin
Inferior surface of the lateral supracondylar line of the femur
Oblique popliteal ligament of the knee joint
Insertion
Posterior surface of the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon
Action
Contributes to plantarflexion at the ankle joint
Innervation by the Tibial nerve
The action, origin, insertion and innervation of Flexor hallucis longus muscle
Origin
Posterior surface of the fibula
Interosseus membrane
Insertion
Plantar surface of the distal phalanx of the big toe
Action
Flexes the big toe
Assists with plantarflexion
Supports medial longitudinal arch during walking and running
Innervation
Tibial nerve
The origin, insertion, action and innervation of Flexor digitorum longus muscle
Origin
Medial side of the posterior surface of the tibia
Insertion
Plantar surface of the bases of the distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
Action
Flexion of the lateral toes during walking and running
Plantarflexion at the ankle joint
Supports the medial longitudinal arch
Innervation
Tibial nerve
(Tom, Dick And Very Nervous Harry)
From posterior to anterior
T- tendon of the tibialis posterior
D- tendons of flexor digitorum longus
Tendon of the Flexor digitorum longus
- Posterior tibial artery
- Posterior tibial vein
- Tibial nerve
- Tendon of the Flexor hallucis longus
The origin, insertion, action and innervation of Tibialis posterior muscle
Origin
Lateral surface of the posterior surface of the tibial shaft
Medial surface of the posterior surface of the fibular shaft
Interosseus membrane
Insertion
Tuberosity of the navicular
- Adjacent surface of the medial cuneiform
Action
Inversion of the foot
Plantarflexion at the ankle joint
Supports the medial longitudinal arch
Innervation
Tibial nerve
The content of flexor retinaculum
Completes the tarsal tunnel.
- Contents lie deep to the retinaculum
Attachments
- Medial malleolus anteriorly
- Inferomedial margin of the calcaneus posteriorly
The origin, insertion, innervation and action Popliteus muscle
Origin
Lateral femoral condyle
Insertion
Posterior surface of the proximal surface of the tibia
Action
Stabilizes the knee joint
Unlocks the knee for the initiation of flexion
- Laterally rotates the femur over the tibia
Pulls meniscus backwards when knee is flexed
Innervation
Tibial nerve
Diamond-shaped fossa at the back of the knee
Poplietal fossa
Borders of Popliteal fossa
Superolateral – Biceps femoris muscle
Inferolateral – Lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle
Superomedial – Semimembranous and -tendinosus muscles
Inferomedial – Medial head of gastrocnemius muscle
the floor of Popliteal fossa
Popliteal area at the back of the knee
Joint capsule
Fascia covering the popliteus muscle
Roof of the popliteal fossa
Skin, fascia and opening of the small saphenous vein
The content of popliteal fossa
Popliteal artery and vein
Tibial nerve
Common fibular nerve
Lymphatic vessels and fat
