Histology of the female reproductive system. Flashcards
The female reproductive system consist :
internal reproductive organs - uterus, vagina and ovaries
External genetalia- labia majora and minor, clitoris.
Function of the female reproductive system?
PREP
1.production of gametes- oogenesis
2. Provision of a suitable environment for fertilization and fetus development.
3. reception of male gametes
4.Explusion of deloped fetus.
ovaries are produced by which process..
oogenesis
Body of the ovaries consist of what ?
> ovarian stroma
that resembles fibroblast and the peripheral zone of this stroma contains follices.
Body of the ovaries consist of what ?
> stroma
that resembles fibroblast and the peripheral zone of this stroma contains follices
Name the surface covering of ovaries?
Germinal epithelium.
Define germinal epithelium
single layer of cuboidal mesothelial cells
continuous with mesothelial lining of the peritoneal cavity.
Ovaries are Divided into 3 parts
Cortex
tunica albuginea
medulla
what does the cortex of the ovaries consist of :
corpus luteuma and corpus albicans
numerous follicles..
Tunica Albuginea consists of :
superficial cortex
Medulla of the ovaries consists of :
central zone and is highly vascular
Primary follicle
> consist of a primary oocyte
consist of a prominent nucleolus
a single surrounding layer of follicular cells
When follicular cells divide by mitosis they multiply and become what
cuboidal cells known a granulosa cells
Zona pellucida
layer that develops between the granulosa and the oocytes.
Thick homogenous layer of glycoprotein and acid proteoglycans
Secondary follicle
Situated deeper in the ovarian cortex
Zona granulosa continues to proliferate
as granulosa cells proliferate there
there are fluid filled spaces developing wich combine to form what?
follicular antrum.
In Mature oocytes
Contains secondary oocyte
Follicular antrum enlarges
Zona granulosa forms an even layer around the periphery
Cumulus oophorus dimishes
Oocyte now surrounded by corona radiata
Corona radiata
is attached to granulosa by ridges of cells
At ovulation:
Mature follicle ruptures
Ovum expelled into peritoneal cavity
Ovum comprises of the secondary oocyte, zona pellucida and corona radiata
After Ovalution
Ruptured follicle collapses and fills with a blood clot - forming the corpus luteum
IN corpus luteum the granulosa cells acquire characteristics of steroids secreting cells therefore now are know as ?
granulosa lutein cells
IN corpus luteum the granulosa cells acquire characteristics of steroids secreting cells therefore now are know as ?
granulosa lutein cells
Corpus luteum of menstruation
Regresses 12 to 14 days after ovulation
Corpus luteum of pregnancy
Regresses after 9th week of pregnancy
Prior to regression, enlarges greatly to occupy most of the ovary.
Basic structure of Uterine tube
> inner mucosal lining
wall of smooth muscle
outer layer of loose supporting tissue.
Corpus luteum of menstruation
Regresses 12 to 14 days after ovulation
The basic structure of uterine tubes
> inner mucosal lining
wall of smooth muscle
outer layer of loose supporting tissue
Inner mucosal lining of uterine tubes
forms a labyrinth of branching longitudinal folds.
most prominent in the ampulla
Mucosal folds
Branching core of vascular supporting tissue.
single layer columnar epithelial cells. ( ciliated cells, non-ciliated secretory cells and intercalated cells.
Name 3 layer of uterus body
perimetrium-thin external layer
myometrium- thick smooth layer
endometrium-thin internal layer
The layer s of the uterus undergoes cyclical changes to offer a suitable environment for implantation name those phases?
Menstruation
proliferation
secretion
Endometrium has 3 layers that are histologically and functionally distinct
> Stratum Basalis
Deepest layer
Adjacent to myometrium
Has numerous endometrial glands
Undergoes little cyclical change
Not shed during the menstruation phase
Stratum spongiosum
Broad intermediate layer
Stratum compactum
Thinner superficial layer
which layers makes up the stratum functionalis ?
stratum spongiosum and stratum compactum.
Stratum functionalis - Stratum spongiosum + Stratum compactum
shed of during menstruation
experience dramatic cyclical changes.
numerous endometrial glands
menstruation
Only occurs if no ovum fertilisation/implantation occurs
Phase of endometrial (stratum functionalis) shedding
Endometrial glands collapse
Proliferation.
Phase of endometrial proliferation
Endometrium becomes thicker and richly vascularized
Simple tubular glands elongate to form coiled glands towards the later part of the phase
secrection
Coiled appearance of glands is more pronounced
Endometrial glands produces a copious, thick, glycogen-rich secretion
Late phase characterized by saw-tooth appearance of glands
Endometruim Epithelium
Tall and columnar
Some cells have cilia
Remainder have microvilli
Regenerates after menstruation
Proliferation phase: cells acquire cilia, microvilli and organelles needed for secretion phase
Endometrium Epithelium surrounds what structure ?
endocervical canal
which connects uterine cavity to the vagina and lined by a single layer of tall mucus -secreting columnar epithelial cells.
Endocervical canal
is lined by tick stratified squamous epithelium.
protrudes into superior aspect of vagina.
Abrupt junction between ecto- and endocervical epithelial linings
