Muscles of the trunk Flashcards
The series of ducts and secretory lobes converge to form which ducts?
About 15-20 lactiferous ducts which opens directly onto the nipple
Name a circular pigmented area around the nipple.
Areola
The connective tissue surrounding the ducts and lobules when condensed they form———— which continuous with ———-and support the breast
Connective tissue surrounding ducts and lobules condense to form suspensory ligaments of breast [Coopers ligaments] which are continuous with dermis and supports the breast.
Fats are predominant in ———-female?
non-lactating female
Name the space separating the base of the breast and the pectoralis major
Retromammary space
In which position does the base of the lies in?
Rib 2 to rib 6
Describe blood supply of the breast.
Laterally: Thoraco-acromial, Lateral thoracic and Subscapular arteries.
Medially: Internal thoracic artery branches.
2nd – 4th Intercostal arteries via branches.
Venous Drainage structures of the breast
Axillary, Internal thoracic and Intercostal veins.
The innervation of the breast
Anterior and Lateral Branches of C2-C4.
the lymphatic drainage
About 75% drains to axillary nodes, rest is usually parasternal nodes.
.»Breast in males consist of small ducts.
The function of Intercostal muscle
They provide structural support for intercostal space and can move the ribs.
The direction of the External intercostal Muscles fibers and its pairs
Have 11 pairs.
fibers pass inferior medially.
The origin, insertion of the external intercostal muscle
Origin: inferior margin of the superior ribs
insertion: superior margin of the ribs below
The innervation and action of the external intercoastal muscles
Anterior rami of T1-T11
The muscles work by elevating the rib cage during forced inspiration.
The direction of The internal intercostal muscles fibers and its pairs
11 pairs
fibers run superior medially.
its is intermediate to external and the inner most intercostal muscle
The origin and Action of the internal Intercostal muscle
originate: from the superior margin of the ribs below.
insert: inferior lateral edge of costal groove above.
The innervation and action of internal intercostal
action: depresses the ribs during forced expiration.
innervation: same innervation as the external (anterior rami T1-T11)
The direction of The inner most intercostal muscle fibers and pairs
It has 11 pairs.
the fiber runs superior medially.
The origin and insertion of innermost intercoastal muscle
Origin: Deep surface of ribs below.
Insertion: Medial edge of costal grooves
Innervation and action of innermost intercostal muscle
innervation: anterior rami of T1 and T11
action: to depress the ribs during inspiration.
What is the most evident in lateral thoracic wall?
Neurovascular bundle runs between innermost and internal intercostal muscles.
The origin of subcostal muscles
Run from the internal surface of one rib to the internal surface of another rib bridging several intercostal spaces.
Same plane as innermost intercostal muscles
Span several ribs, more numerous in lower regions of posterior thoracic wall.
what action is provided by the subcostal muscles in relation to ribs?
Acts to depress ribs.
Describe the Transversus thoracis muscles
found in same plane as the innermost costal muscles
found in deep surface of the anterior thoracic wall
The origin and insertion of the transversus muscles
origin: Posterior aspect of xiphoid process and inferior aspect of sternum and adjacent costal cartilages of lower ribs
insertion: lower border of costal cartilages of rib 3-6
Innervation and action of transversus thoracic muscle
by the anterior rami of T1-T11
depresses the costal cartilages during a forced respiration.
What is a Diaphragm?
A diaphragm is thin musculature structure that fills inferior thoracic aperture separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities..