Structure of the heart Flashcards
Blood enters the RA from which structures?
SVC,IVC, coronary sinus
Blood passes to the RV through which structure
Right AV orifice
What controls the passing of blood from RA to RV
Tricuspid valve
What walls is the right atrium made up of?
Smooth and rough walls
Smooth wall
Sinus Venarum
Rough wall
Atrium proper
What separates the smooth from the rough wall internally and externally?
In- crista terminalis
Ex- sulci terminalis
Where do the venae cava drain to?
Smooth wall of RA
What structures make the rough wall?
Pectinate muscles
Where are the pectinate muscle also found?
Auricle (overlaps aorta)
What structure separates left and right atria?
Interatrial septum
A structure found on the interatrial septum and what does it develop into?
Fossa ovalis> foramen ovale
Edge of the fossa ovalis
Limbus ovalis
What structure is linked to the RV?
Pulmonary trunk, known as conus arteriosus (infundibulum)
What makes the rough wall of RV?
Trabeculae carnae (irregular structures)
What do some trabeculae carnae form?
Papillary muscles(projections of the RV)
What attaches to the papillary muscles?
Chordae tendinae
Chordae tendinae extend from which structure to which one?
Papillary muscles to cusps
Papillary muscles divisions
- Anterior(largest)
2.Posterior
3.Septal(small/ absent)
Name the specialized trabeculum and what it does
Septomarginal trabeculum (MODERATOR BAND)
Helps the anterior papillary muscle to contract the same time as the other muscles during ventricular contraction
Between which structures does the moderator band form?
Anterior papillary muscle and interventricular septum
Function of the tricuspid valve
Closes the AV orifice
What structures do valves have?
Cusps
Name cusps of the tricuspid valve
Anterior (anterior papillary)
Posterior
Septal
What opens into pulmonary trunk?
Pulmonary valve
Free superior edge of the pulmonary valve has 2 portions, name them
- Anterior and thick—nodule
- Lateral and thin-lunula
pulmonary trunk cusps
left, right, anterior
Name the space found in pulmonary valve cusps
Pulmonary sinus
Function of the pulmonary sinus
Prevents backflow of blood from the pulmonary trunk to the RV
Divisions of the LA
Anterior half=auricle
Posterior half= 4 pulmonary veins
Name the depression opposite floor of fossa ovalis
Valve of foramen ovale
The portion of the left ventricle immediately below the aortic orifice made of FIBROUS tissue
Aortic vestibule
Blood enters left ventricle via which structure?
Left AV orifice
Compare right and left ventricles
Trabeculae carnae= fine in LV
Papillary muscles=2 in LV
What controls the opening from LV to aorta
Aortic valve
Cusps of the aortic valve
left, right, posterior
What is found between the aorta and the cusps
Aortic sinus (left, right, posterior)
What originates from the aortic sinuses?
Left and right coronary arteries
What happens to coronary arteries due to aortic sinuses during ventricular contraction
Blood is automatically pushed to the arteries
What does the collection of dense fibrous connective tissue in a form of 4 rings form?
Fibrous annulus
Explain the course of right coronary artrery
Lies in coronary sulcus (BTW ATRIUM & VENTRICLE)
Branches of the right coronary artery
Sinu-atrial nodal
Right marginal
Atriventricular nodal
Poster interventricular
Structures innervated by right coronary artery
RA and RV
Interatrial septum
SA node and AV node
Posteroinferior 1/3 of interventricular
Course of the left coronary artery
Before the pulmonary trunk and left auricle before entering coronary sulcus
Branches of the left coronary artery
Left marginal
Anterior interventricular
Circumflex
Structures innervated by the left coronary artery
LA and LV
Interventricular septum
AV bundle and branches
Cardiac veins
Great c.v
Middle c.v
Small c.v
Great cardiac vein
Begins at apex of heart, runs in anterior interventricular sulcus, enters coronary sulcus and enlarges to form coronary sinus
Where does the great cardiac vein drain into
right atrium
Middle cardiac vein
Begins at apex of heart, runs in posterior interventricular sulcus
Where does the middle c.v drain into
coronary sinus
Small cardiac vein
Begins between right atrium and right ventricle
Where does the small c.v drain into
Coronary sinus
Arteries and their accompanying veins
A-G
P-M
R-S
Which vein and artery form the coronary sinus
Greater cardiac vein and Anterior interventricular artery
