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Anatomy YBOD 200 > Axilla & Brachial Plexus Part II > Flashcards

Axilla & Brachial Plexus Part II Flashcards

1
Q

List the contents of the axilla

A

Biceps brachii muscle (proximal part)
• Coracobrachialis (proximal part)
• Axillary artery
• Axillary vein
• Brachial plexus
• Lymph nodes
• Axillary process of mammary gland (breast)

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2
Q

Describe the location/position of the mammary gland

A

Within superficial fascia overlying thoracic wall
- Superolateral region extends along inferior margin of
pectoralis major muscle (toward axilla)
Extension may pass around muscle margin to penetrate deep fascia and enter axilla

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3
Q

What does the Axillary artery supply?

A

Supplies walls of axilla and related regions

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4
Q

Subclavian artery becomes _____________ at lateral
margin of first rib

A

Axillary artery

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5
Q

How is the axillary artery divided?

A

Axillary artery separated into 3 parts by pectoralis minor muscle (crosses vessel anteriorly)
- 1st part: Proximal to pectoralis minor muscle - 2nd part: Posterior to pectoralis minor muscle - 3rd part: Distal to pectoralis minor muscle

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6
Q

Axillary artery becomes ________ at inferior margin of the teres major muscle

A

Brachial artery

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7
Q

What branch comes out of the 1st part of the axillary artery? And what does this branch supply?

A

Superior thoracic artery - supplies upper regions of the medial and anterior axillary walls

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8
Q

What branches does the 2nd part give off? And what to these branches supply?

A

Thoraco-acromial artery - Anterior axillary wall and breast
Lateral thoracic artery- Medial and anterior axillary walls and breast

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9
Q

What branches does the 3rd part of axillary artery give off? What do these supply?

A

Subscapular artery - Posterior and medial axillary walls and posterior scapular region

Anterior circumflex humeral artery - Shoulder joint, head of humerus, and surrounding tissues

Posterior circumflex humeral artery - Surrounding muscles and shoulder joint

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10
Q

Basilic vein becomes axillary vein at the inferior margin of_________

A

Teres major muscle

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11
Q

What does the basilic vein drain?

A

Basilic vein drains posteromedial surface of hand and forearm

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12
Q

Axillary vein becomes _____________ at the lateral border of first rib

A

Subclavian vein

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13
Q

What does the cephalic vein drain?

A

-Drains lateral and posterior parts of hand, forearm, and arm
-Passes into clavipectoral triangle and pierces the clavipectoral fascia to join axillary vein.

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14
Q

Where do lymphatics from the upper limb drain into?

A

They drain into the axillary nodes

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15
Q

Other than the upper limbs, where do axillary nodes also receive drainage from?

A

They also receive drainage from the trunk and breast.

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16
Q

List the 5 groups of nodes

A

Humeral (lateral) nodes
Pectoral (anterior) nodes
Subscapular (posterior) nodes
Central nodes
Apical nodes

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17
Q

State the location of each group of nodes

A

-Humeral (Lateral) nodes: Posteromedial to axillary vein and receive most of lymphatic drainage from upper limb
- Pectoral (Anterior) nodes: Along inferior margin of pectoralis minor muscle
- Subscapular (Posterior) nodes: Posterior axillary wall
- Central nodes: Embedded in axillary fat (receive tributaries from above groups)
- Apical nodes: Most superior group in axilla and drain all other groups

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18
Q

What forms the brachial plexus?

A

Formed by C5 – T1 anterior rami

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19
Q

Where does the brachial plexus originate, and what is it related to?

A

Originates in neck
- Passes laterally and inferiorly over first rib
- Enters axilla

-Proximal parts are posterior to subclavian artery in neck
• Distal parts surround axillary artery

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20
Q

What does the brachial plexus give innervation to?

A

It gives innervation to the upper limb

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21
Q

Name the parts of the brachial plexus from medial to lateral

A

Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords

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22
Q

Describe the roots of the brachial plexus

A

Anterior rami of C5 - T1
Enter posterior triangle of neck
Passing between anterior & middle scalene muscles
Lie superior and posterior to subclavian artery

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23
Q

What nerve originates from root 5 and innervates the rhomboid major and minor muscles?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

24
Q

The ___________ nerve originates from C5-7 and innervates the serratus anterior muscle

A

Long thoracic nerve

25
Q

Where does the Long thoracic nerve lie

A

Lies on superficial aspect of serratus anterior muscle

26
Q

Name the trunks that originate from roots

A

Superior trunk:Formed by roots C5 and C6
2. Middle trunk:Continuation of root C7
3. Inferior trunk:Formed by roots C8 and T1
- Lies on first rib, posterior to subclavian artery

27
Q

The trunks pass laterally over the _____________ and enter the axilla

A

1st rib

28
Q

Describe the suprascapular nerve

A

Originates from superior trunk (C5 - C6)
Innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles Accompanied by suprascapular artery

29
Q

Describe the nerve to subclavius muscle

A

Small nerve
• Originates from superior trunk (C5 - C6)
• Innervates subclavius muscle

30
Q

Each trunk divides into ________________

A

Anterior and posterior divisions

31
Q

What does the anterior division give rise to?

A

Anterior divisions ultimately give rise to peripheral nerves associated with anterior compartments of arm and forearm.

32
Q

What do posterior divisions give rise to?

A

Posterior divisions ultimately give rise to nerves associated with posterior compartments

33
Q

T or F: there are two peripheral nerves that originate directly from the divisions of the brachial plexus

A

False: No peripheral nerves originate directly from divisions of brachial plexus

34
Q

How many cords originate from divisions?

A

3 cords

35
Q

What anatomical structure are the cords related to?

A

Related to second part of axillary artery

36
Q

Name the cords and what each cord is formed by.

A

Lateral cord: Formed by anterior divisions of superior and middle trunks (C5 - C7)
2. Medial cord: Continuation of anterior division of inferior trunk (C8 - T1)
3. Posterior cord: Formed by all 3 posterior divisions (C5 - T1)

37
Q

T or F: Most major peripheral nerves of upper limb originate from cords

A

True

38
Q

What nerve innervates the pectoralis major ONLY?

A

Lateral pectoral nerve

39
Q

_______________Passes medially to join a similar branch from medial cord to form median nerve

A

Lateral root of median nerve

40
Q

Describe the musculocutaneous nerve

A

•Passes laterally to penetrate coracobrachialis muscle
• Innervates flexor muscles in anterior compartment of arm
• Terminates as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm

41
Q

What nerve receives communicating branch from lateral pectoral nerve and Innervates pectoralis major and minor muscles

A

Medial pectoral nerve

42
Q

What nerve Innervates skin on medial side of distal one-third of arm and communicates with intercostobrachial nerve

A

Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm

43
Q

What nerve originates just distal to origin of medial cutaneous nerve of arm and innervates skin over medial surface of forearm till wrist

A

Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm

44
Q

What nerve Passes laterally to join similar root from lateral cord to form median nerve (anterior to third part of axillary artery)

A

Medial root of medial nerve

45
Q

The ___________ nerve passes through arm and forearm into hand passes posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus

A

Ulnar

46
Q

What does the ulnar nerve innervate?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus (medial half) muscles
- Most intrinsic muscles of hand (except thenar and two lateral lumbrical muscles)
- Skin of hand (with median and radial nerves)

47
Q

How is the ulnar nerve formed? And explain is course

A

Formed by union of medial and lateral median nerve roots

• Courses lateral, anterior and then medial to brachial artery

48
Q

What does the median nerve innervate?

A

Most muscles in anterior compartment of forearm (except for flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus [medial half] muscles – ulnar nerve)
- Thenar muscles
- Two lateral lumbrical muscles
- Skin of hand (with ulnar and radial nerves)

49
Q

List the branches of the posterior cord, as well as what they innervate

A

Superior subscapular nerve
• Innervates subscapularis muscle

Thoracodorsal nerve
• Innervates latissimus dorsi muscle

Axillary nerve
• Innervates deltoid and teres minor muscles
• Accompanied by posterior circumflex humeral artery
• Gives off superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm

Inferior subscapular nerve
• Innervates subscapularis and teres major muscles

Radial nerve:

All muscles in posterior compartments of arm and forearm
- Skin on posterior aspect of arm and forearm, lower lateral surface of arm, and dorsal lateral surface of hand

50
Q

The radial nerve gives off a nerve that innervates skin on posterior surface of arm. Name that nerve

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of arm

51
Q

Scapular winging is due to damage of the _________ nerve

A

Long thoracic nerve

52
Q

Why is the long thoracic nerve more vulnerable to damage?

A

-Long thoracic nerve passes down lateral thoracic wall on the external surface of serratus anterior muscle - Just deep to skin and subcutaneous fascia
-Therefore, nerve is vulnerable to damage (loss of muscle function)

53
Q

What happens when a person has scapular winging?

A

Loss of muscle function causes medial border and inferior angle of scapula to elevate away from thoracic wall
- Characteristic “winging” of the scapula when pushing forward with arm
• In addition, normal elevation at arm is no compromised

54
Q

What is quadrilateral space syndrome?

A

Hypertrophy of muscles forming quadrangular space may impinge on axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery and vein
-Produces weakness in deltoid muscle and some atrophy to teres minor - Affects stability of shoulder joint

55
Q

Branches of axillary artery mnemonic

A

Screw
The
Lawyer
Save
A
Patient

56
Q

Branches of the axillary artery names

A

Superior thoracis artery
Thoraco- acromial artery
Lateral thoracic artery
Subscapular artery
Anterior circumflex artery
Posterior circumflex artery

Anatomy YBOD 200 (55 decks)

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